파키스탄 스포츠 조직의 팬 및 스폰서 참여를 위한 효과적인 소셜 미디어 전략 개발

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :사범대학 체육교육과,글로벌스포츠매니지먼트전공,2019. 8. 임충훈.Social Media has become a powerful tool of communication over the past two decades and its impacts are evident across different sectors of the economy in different regions of the world. Sports sector and leading sports organizations such as the International Olympic Committee, globally celebrated sports clubs and various International Federations have reaped the benefits of social media in a number of ways such as fan and sponsor engagement. Following this line of argument, this study aims to provide a roadmap of effective social media strategies for fan and sponsor engagement to the sports organizations of Pakistan. A set of effective social media strategies has been developed using mixed methods approach, quantitative data was collected from youth through a survey based on fan and sponsor engagement in Pakistan and analyzed using SPSS. On the other hand, semi-structured interviews of local and international social media experts along with brand/sponsorship heads of local and multinational organizations were conducted. Despite primary data collection, information has been gathered from social media blogs, document search and websites etc. Analysis of quantitative and qualitative information has provided a roadmap of effective social media strategies for the sports organizations of Pakistan. These strategies are robust enough to be used by any of the 28 Olympic and 7 Non-Olympic sports practiced in Pakistan.지난 20 년간 소셜 미디어는 강력한 커뮤니케이션 수단이 되었으며 그 영향은 세계 각지의 다양한 경제 부문에서 분명하게 나타난다. 스포츠 부문과 국제 올림픽위원회(International Olympic Committee), 세계 유명 스포츠 클럽 및 다양한 국제 연맹(International Federations)과 같은 주요 스포츠 단체는 팬 및 스폰서 참여와 같은 다양한 방식으로 소셜 미디어의 혜택을 누리고 있다. 이에 본 연구의 목적은 파키스탄 스포츠 조직에 팬과 후원자 참여를 위한 효과적인 소셜 미디어 전략 로드맵을 제공하는 것이다. 본 연구는 효과적인 소셜 미디어 전략 개발을 위하여 양적 및 질적 연구 방법을 진행하였다. 파키스탄의 팬 및 스폰서 참여를 기반으로 한 설문 조사를 통해 청소년으로부터 양적 데이터를 수집하고 SPSS를 사용하여 분석하였으며, 지역 및 다국적 기업의 브랜드/스폰서십 전문가와 지역 및 국제 소셜 미디어 전문가의 인터뷰를 실시하였다. 또한 소셜 미디어 블로그, 문서 검색 및 웹 사이트 등에서 정보를 수집하였다. 이와 같은 양적 및 질적 정보의 분석은 파키스탄의 스포츠 조직을 위한 효과적인 소셜 미디어 전략의 로드맵을 제공하였다. 또한 이러한 전략은 파키스탄에서 실시된 28 개의 올림픽 및 7 개의 비 올림픽 스포츠에도 충분히 적용할 수 있을 것으로 보여 진다.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Problem Statement 5 1.2 Research Objectives 7 1.3 Research Questions 7 1.3.1 Specific- question 7 1.3.2 Sub- question 7 1.4 Identified Gap 8 Chapter 2. Review of Literature 9 2.1 Social Media Platforms 9 2.2 Social Media and Sports Sector 11 2.3 Impact of Social Media on the development of Sports 13 2.4 Challenges of Social Media in Sports 16 2.5 Fan Engagement 18 2.6 Crucial Role of Athletes in using Social Media 21 2.7 Sponsor Engagement 24 2.8 Social Media in Sports _ Context of Pakistan 31 2.9 Theories related to Social Media & Sports 33 Chapter 3. Methodology 36 3.1 Sampling and Data Collection 37 3.2 Data Analysis 38 Chapter 4. Results and Discussion 40 Chapter 5. Recommendations 67 5.1 Recommended Effective Strategies 67 5.2 Limitations of the Study 68 5.3 Conclusion 69 References 70 Appendix 83 Appendix A 83 Appendix B 87Maste

Assessment of Triglycerides Levels in Gestational Diabetes - A cross-sectional study

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the impaired glucose tolerance that is recognized first time during pregnancy. When a woman gets pregnant, glucose intolerance increases and manifests as a positive GDM diagnosis. It has been considered a transient condition because after delivery the majority of cases return to normoglycemic levels. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rawal Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad. Data were collected in a period of 06 months between July 2020 to January 2021. A total of 100 women were included in the study and 5cc of their blood was taken from the vein under aseptic measures for measuring serum triglyceride levels after 12 hours of overnight fasting. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 20.0. Results: The overall mean Serum Triglyceride level of study subjects was 181.17±33.62 mg/dl, with a range of 151-359 mg/dl. Around two-third, 66% of women had <181 mg/dl of Serum Triglyceride level, and 34% of patients had it >181 mg/dl. Our observation was that the mean level of Serum Triglyceride was not different significantly among age, BMI, gestational age, educational and socio-economic groups with p-value >0.05.Conclusion: This study highlights that the circulating mean triglyceride level in GDM subjects was significantly elevated from the normal pregnancy levels

A study on the Impacts of COVID-19 on health, Economy, Employment and Social Life of People in Indonesia

Background: The aftershocks of COVID-19 pandemic are still emanating in different regions of the world in term of increasing number of cases and deaths due to mutation in the virulence and pathogenicity of the virus. The pandemic affected almost every part of our lives including health, economy, employment, and social interactions. This study surveyed the Indonesian public to better understand their health, employment, and economic deterioration during the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak.Methods: An online cross-sectional survey of 200 participants was conducted from eight different regions (Jawa Timur, DKI Jakarta, Kalimantan Tengah, Yogyakarta, Bali, Sulawesi Selatan, Jawa Tengah) of Indonesia who speak Bahasa. A standardized questionnaire was used to obtain information about COVID-19 impacts on health, employment, the economy, and social life from the respondents. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests were conducted to analyze the data.Results: According to the findings, out of 200 participants, 40% stated that the impact of COVID-19 did not affect their salary. People under the age of 20 with an intermediate education who worked in government sectors were more likely to lose their jobs (p-value 0.05), which would result in a loss in salary that would have an impact on the education of their children. Only the "use of hand sanitizers" indicated a statistically significant difference between the practices of male and female respondents (p-value = 0.038), which is one of the activities that helps to prevent fever and respiratory difficulties during the present pandemic.Conclusion: The finding of the study depicted that COVID-19 has no immediate collateral effects on the economy of the study participants. However, the pandemic has a negative impact on the employment, health, and social life of the people. To mitigate the negative effects of this pandemic on health, employment, economy, and social life, a complete evaluation of COVID-19 impacts, as well as public health interventions, should be conducted

Poly[[di-μ-aqua-(μ-4-formyl-2-meth­oxy­phenol­ato)disodium] 4-formyl-2-meth­oxy­phenolate]

In the title coordination polymer, {[Na2(C8H7O3)(H2O)4](C8H7O3)}n, all the non-H atoms except the water O atoms lie on a crystallographic mirror plane. One sodium cation is bonded to four water O atoms and one vanillinate O atom in a distorted square-based pyramidal arrangement; the other Na+ ion is six-coordinated by four water O atoms and two vanillinate O atoms in an irregular geometry. One of the vanillinate anions is directly bonded to two sodium ions, whilst the other only inter­acts with the polymeric network by way of hydrogen bonds. In the crystal, a two-dimensional polymeric array is formed; this is reinforced by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which generate R 2 1(6) and R 2 2(20) loops

A Review on Strong Impacts of Thermal Stress on Plants Physiology, Agricultural Yield; and Timely Adaptation in Plants to Heat Stress

In this review, we checked the harsh influence of high temperature or heat stress on plant metabolism and crop yield. Plants can bear a minimum range of temperature; temperature more than this optimum range comes in the term of heat stress. Climate changes increase the number and severity of heat waves that reduced the development of plants and resulted in the death of the entire plant. Heat stress is a major stressful environment that destroys plant growth, biochemical reactions, and the yield of crops across the world. High-temperature influences many physiological and chemical reactions in plants. HS is now a big deal for crop production and the essential goal of agriculture is to maintain a high yield of crops. A plant lives in the conditions of high temperature based on its capacity to receive the HT stimulus, generate and change the signal, and then initiate physiological and biochemical changes. The plants show physiological and biochemical responses to heat the stress, is an active area of research. To deal with HT, different molecular techniques are in progress. After thoroughly reviewed of the different discoveries on plants’ responses, adaptation, and forbearance to HT at the cellular, organelles, and entire plant levels, this article described several approaches that could be taken to increase thermo- forbearance in plants

Phase 1/2a trial of intravenous BAL101553, a novel controller of the spindle assembly checkpoint, in advanced solid tumours

Background: BAL101553 (lisavanbulin), the lysine prodrug of BAL27862 (avanbulin), exhibits broad anti-proliferative activity in human cancer models refractory to clinically relevant microtubule-targeting agents. Methods: This two-part, open-label, phase 1/2a study aimed to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) of 2-h infusion of BAL101553 in adults with advanced or recurrent solid tumours. The MTD was determined using a modified accelerated titration design in phase I. Patients received BAL101553 at the MTD and at lower doses in the phase 2a expansion to characterise safety and efficacy and to determine the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D). Results: Seventy-three patients received BAL101553 at doses of 15–80 mg/m2 (phase 1, n = 24; phase 2a, n = 49). The MTD was 60 mg/m2; DLTs observed at doses ≥60 mg/m2 were reversible Grade 2–3 gait disturbance with Grade 2 peripheral sensory neuropathy. In phase 2a, asymptomatic myocardial injury was observed at doses ≥45 mg/m2. The RP2D for 2-h intravenous infusion was 30 mg/m2. The overall disease control rate was 26.3% in the efficacy population. Conclusions: The RP2D for 2-h infusion of BAL101553 was well tolerated. Dose-limiting neurological and myocardial side effects were consistent with the agent’s vascular-disrupting properties. Clinical trial registration: EudraCT: 2010-024237-23

The global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2019 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background In estimating the global burden of cancer, adolescents and young adults with cancer are often overlooked, despite being a distinct subgroup with unique epidemiology, clinical care needs, and societal impact. Comprehensive estimates of the global cancer burden in adolescents and young adults (aged 15-39 years) are lacking. To address this gap, we analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, with a focus on the outcome of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), to inform global cancer control measures in adolescents and young adults. Methods Using the GBD 2019 methodology, international mortality data were collected from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and population-based cancer registry inputs modelled with mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs). Incidence was computed with mortality estimates and corresponding MIRs. Prevalence estimates were calculated using modelled survival and multiplied by disability weights to obtain years lived with disability (YLDs). Years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated as age-specific cancer deaths multiplied by the standard life expectancy at the age of death. The main outcome was DALYs (the sum of YLLs and YLDs). Estimates were presented globally and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintiles (countries ranked and divided into five equal SDI groups), and all estimates were presented with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). For this analysis, we used the age range of 15-39 years to define adolescents and young adults. Findings There were 1.19 million (95% UI 1.11-1.28) incident cancer cases and 396 000 (370 000-425 000) deaths due to cancer among people aged 15-39 years worldwide in 2019. The highest age-standardised incidence rates occurred in high SDI (59.6 [54.5-65.7] per 100 000 person-years) and high-middle SDI countries (53.2 [48.8-57.9] per 100 000 person-years), while the highest age-standardised mortality rates were in low-middle SDI (14.2 [12.9-15.6] per 100 000 person-years) and middle SDI (13.6 [12.6-14.8] per 100 000 person-years) countries. In 2019, adolescent and young adult cancers contributed 23.5 million (21.9-25.2) DALYs to the global burden of disease, of which 2.7% (1.9-3.6) came from YLDs and 97.3% (96.4-98.1) from YLLs. Cancer was the fourth leading cause of death and tenth leading cause of DALYs in adolescents and young adults globally. Interpretation Adolescent and young adult cancers contributed substantially to the overall adolescent and young adult disease burden globally in 2019. These results provide new insights into the distribution and magnitude of the adolescent and young adult cancer burden around the world. With notable differences observed across SDI settings, these estimates can inform global and country-level cancer control efforts. Copyright (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.Peer reviewe