56 research outputs found

    “In related news, Putin just ordered troops into Hogwarts”:intertextuality in the jokes of network late-night talk show monologues

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    Abstract. This thesis examines the intertextuality’s role in the jokes of late-night talk show monologues. The main goal is to apply Kristeva’s, Riffaterre’s and Saussure’s theories of intertextuality in conjunction with Rashkin and Attardo’s General Theory of Verbal humor to figure whether intertextuality is aleatory or obligatory to the jokes presented in the monologues. The data for this thesis has been collected from the four most watched network late night talk shows: Late Night with Seth Meyers (NBC), The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon (NBC), The Late Show with Stephen Colbert (CBS) and Jimmy Kimmel Live! (ABC). The monologues were aired between March and May of 2022. 15 jokes from each of the shows were chosen to best represent the variety of intertextual references in the jokes. These were analyzed and categorized based on how intertextuality affects the srcipt opposition necessary for the jokes to work. The findings include that monologue jokes have intertextual references in both the setups and punchlines. When in setups, the role of intertextuality is to establish and restrict scripts, making the intertextuality obligatory for the joke. In punchlines, intertextuality is obligatory, as the intertextual reference is usually the punchline that creates script opposition. Visual references in the setup were usually not obligatory, as they were often complementing the reference made verbally. Similarly in the punchline, visual references were often aleatory, but there were also jokes where the image was the only element creating script opposition, thus being obligatory.”In related news, Putin just ordered troops into Hogwarts” : intertekstuaaliset viittaukset late-night ohjelmien monologien vitseissä. Tiivistelmä. Tässä tutkielmassa tarkastellaan intertekstuaalisuuden roolia yhdysvaltalaisten myöhäisillan talk show -ohjelmien monologien vitseissä. Päätavoitteena on soveltaa Kristevan, Riffaterren ja Saussuren teorioita intertekstuaalisuudesta yhdessä Rashkinin ja Attardon yleisen verbaalisen huumorin teorian (general verbal theory of humor) kanssa sen selvittämiseksi, onko intertekstuaalisuus monologeissa esitetyille vitseille kohentavaa (aleatory) vai välttämätöntä obligatory. Tämän tutkielman aineisto on kerätty neljästä katsotuimmasta yhdysvaltalaisesta myöhäisillan talk show -ohjelmasta: Late Night with Seth Meyers (NBC), The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon (NBC), The Late Show with Stephen Colbert (CBS) ja Jimmy Kimmel Live! (ABC). Monologit esitettiin ohjelmissa maaliskuun ja toukokuun 2022 välisenä aikana. Kustakin ohjelmasta valittiin 15 vitsiä, jotta ne edustaisivat parhaiten vitseissä esiintyvien intertekstuaalisten viittausten moninaisuutta. Näitä analysoitiin ja luokiteltiin sen perusteella, miten intertekstuaalisuus vaikuttaa vitsin edellyttämään skriptien ristiriitaan (script opposition). Analyysistä nähdään, että monologivitseissä on intertekstuaalisia viittauksia sekä vitsien alustuksissa, että vitsin kärjessä. Kun intertekstuaalisuus esiintyy alustuksessa, intertekstuaalisuuden tehtävänä on luoda ja rajoittaa skriptejä, jolloin intertekstuaalisuus on vitsin kannalta välttämätöntä. Vitsin kärjessä intertekstuaalisuus on välttämätöntä, sillä intertekstuaalinen viittaus on yleensä se elementti, joka luo skriptien ristiriitaa. Visuaaliset viittaukset eivät yleensä olleet välttämättömiä, koska ne usein täydensivät verbaalista viittausta. Vastaavasti vitsin kärjessä visuaaliset viittaukset olivat usein kohentavia, mutta oli myös vitsejä, joissa kuva oli ainoa skriptien ristiriitaa luova elementti, joten se oli välttämätön

    The dIANA database – Resource for isotopic paleodietary research in the Baltic Sea area

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    Paleodietary research is a complex field, which requires large sets of background information. Owing to increasing interest and activity in the field, a substantial amount of archaeological isotope baseline data exist for Northern Europe, consisting mainly of animal bone collagen δ13C, δ15N, and δ34S values. However, the data are scattered into dozens of publications written in multiple languages and less-accessible formats, making the data laborious to use. This article presents the first compilation work of this data, the open access dIANA database (Dietary Isotopic baseline for the Ancient North; https://www.oasisnorth.org/diana.html), aimed to support (paleo)dietary research in the Baltic Sea area. The database work is complemented with new analyses of archaeological and (pre-)modern domestic and wild fauna from Finland and Russia broadening the selection of analysed species in the database. We present and discuss data examples, which on one hand show existing spatiotemporal isotope patterns related to diet and differences in the environmental carbon sources and on the other, also visualize the current status of baseline research and the need for further analyses in the circum-Baltic area.Paleodietary research is a complex field, which requires large sets of background information. Owing to increasing interest and activity in the field, a substantial amount of archaeological isotope baseline data exist for Northern Europe, consisting mainly of animal bone collagen δ13C, δ15N, and δ34S values. However, the data are scattered into dozens of publications written in multiple languages and less-accessible formats, making the data laborious to use. This article presents the first compilation work of this data, the open access dIANA database (Dietary Isotopic baseline for the Ancient North; https://www.oasisnorth.org/diana.html), aimed to support (paleo)dietary research in the Baltic Sea area. The database work is complemented with new analyses of archaeological and (pre-)modern domestic and wild fauna from Finland and Russia broadening the selection of analysed species in the database. We present and discuss data examples, which on one hand show existing spatiotemporal isotope patterns related to diet and differences in the environmental carbon sources and on the other, also visualize the current status of baseline research and the need for further analyses in the circum-Baltic area.Peer reviewe

    Disentangling the Evidence of Milankovitch Forcing From Tree-Ring and Sedimentary Records

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    Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2022 Helama, Herva, Arppe, Gunnarson, Frank, Holopainen, Nöjd, Mäkinen, Mielikäinen, Sutinen, Timonen, Uusitalo and Oinonen.Tree-ring records constitute excellent high-resolution data and provide valuable information for climate science and paleoclimatology. Tree-ring reconstructions of past temperature variations agree to show evidence for annual-to-centennial anomalies in past climate and place the industrial-era warming in the context of the late Holocene climate patterns and regimes. Despite their wide use in paleoclimate research, however, tree rings have also been deemed unsuitable as low-frequency indicators of past climate. The arising debate concerns whether the millennia-long tree-ring records show signals of orbital forcing due to the Milankovitch cycles. Here, we produce a summer-temperature reconstruction from tree-ring chronology running through mid- and late-Holocene times (since 5486 BCE) comprising minimum blue channel light intensity (BI). The BI reconstruction correlates with existing and new tree-ring chronologies built from maximum latewood density (MXD) and, unlike the MXD data, shows temperature trends on Milankovitch scales comparable to various types of sedimentary proxy across the circumpolar Arctic. Our results demonstrate an unrevealed potential of novel, unconventional tree-ring variables to contribute to geoscience and climate research by their capability to provide paleoclimate estimates from inter-annual scales up to those relevant to orbital forcing.Peer reviewe

    Volcanic dust veils from sixth century tree-ring isotopes linked to reduced irradiance, primary production and human health

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    The large volcanic eruptions of AD 536 and 540 led to climate cooling and contributed to hardships of Late Antiquity societies throughout Eurasia, and triggered a major environmental event in the historical Roman Empire. Our set of stable carbon isotope records from subfossil tree rings demonstrates a strong negative excursion in AD 536 and 541-544. Modern data from these sites show that carbon isotope variations are driven by solar radiation. A model based on sixth century isotopes reconstruct an irradiance anomaly for AD 536 and 541-544 of nearly three standard deviations below the mean value based on modern data. This anomaly can be explained by a volcanic dust veil reducing solar radiation and thus primary production threatening food security over a multitude of years. We offer a hypothesis that persistently low irradiance contributed to remarkably simultaneous outbreaks of famine and Justinianic plague in the eastern Roman Empire with adverse effects on crop production and photosynthesis of the vitamin D in human skin and thus, collectively, human health. Our results provide a hitherto unstudied proxy for exploring the mechanisms of 'volcanic summers' to demonstrate the post-eruption deficiencies in sunlight and to explain the human consequences during such calamity years

    Extreme Solar Events: Setting up a Paradigm

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    The Sun is magnetically active and often produces eruptive events on different energetic and temporal scales. Until recently, the upper limit of such events was unknown and believed to be roughly represented by direct instrumental observations. However, two types of extreme events were discovered recently: extreme solar energetic particle events on the multi-millennial time scale and super-flares on sun-like stars. Both discoveries imply that the Sun might rarely produce events, called extreme solar events (ESE), whose energy could be orders of magnitude greater than anything we have observed during recent decades. During the years following these discoveries, great progress has been achieved in collecting observational evidence, uncovering new events, making statistical analyses, and developing theoretical modelling. The ESE paradigm lives and is being developed. On the other hand, many outstanding questions still remain open and new ones emerge. Here we present an overview of the current state of the art and the forming paradigm of ESE from different points of view: solar physics, stellar–solar projections, cosmogenic-isotope data, modelling, historical data, as well as terrestrial, technological and societal effects of ESEs. Special focus is paid to open questions and further developments. This review is based on the joint work of the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) team #510 (2020–2022)

    Online chemical adsorption studies of Hg, Tl, and Pb on SiO2 and Au surfaces in preparation for chemical investigations on Cn, Nh, and Fl at TASCA

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    Online gas-solid adsorption studies with single-atom quantities of Hg, Tl, and Pb, the lighter homologs of the superheavy elements (SHE) copernicium (Cn, Z =112), nihonium (Nh, Z =113), and flerovium (Fl, Z =114), were carried out using short-lived radioisotopes. The interaction with Au and SiO 2 surfaces was studied and the overall chemical yield was determined. Suitable radioisotopes were produced in fusion-evaporation reactions, isolated in the gas-filled recoil separator TASCA, and flushed rapidly to an adjacent setup of two gas chromatography detector arrays covered with SiO 2 (first array) and Au (second array). While Tl and Pb adsorbed on the SiO 2 surface, Hg interacts only weakly and reached the Au-covered array. Our results contribute to elucidating the influence of relativistic effects on chemical properties of the heaviest elements by providing experimental data on these lighter homologs

    The AD 775 14C event : new evidence for a solar origin

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    In 2012, a sudden and significant increase in the radiocarbon 14C abundance of tree rings at around AD 775 was found by Miyake et al (2012). Since then, various explanations for the cause of the event have been offered. These include a supernova explosion, a short gamma-ray burst, a comet collision with the Sun causing an energetic burst, a comet disintegration in the Earth's atmosphere and an especially energetic solar flare. Even though there have been a lot of studies considering the event, the definite cause is still unclear. Most of the knowledge regarding the event comes from 14C measurements made from trees that grew in various locations. These include Japan, Germany, USA and Russia. To further increase the understanding of the event and its cause, we have measured the event from a subfossil Lapland tree. This measurement is unique, since the other measurements come from locations significantly further from the magnetic pole. Thus, they might be affected by different atmospheric and geomagnetic dynamics. To date, there has not been a considerable effort in trying to quantify possible differences in the various measurements. Only the maximum increase from the background value has been considered. However, it might not be the most robust indicator of the event intensity, since it is susceptible to statistical fluctuations. For this reason, we have adopted a peak fitting method to better quantify the various properties of different measurements. Special interest was put into calculating the area under the curve of the fit to get a more robust indicator of the event intensity. Here we report that the measurement from a Lapland tree shows a significantly stronger 14C signal than what has been found earlier. Furthermore, our peak analysis demonstrates that there is a clear dependency between the latitude, where the trees have grown, and the intensity of the 14C signal, indicating that higher latitude trees have stronger signals. The connection is even more evident when, instead of the latitude, the distance from the North magnetic pole is used. It is known that the production of 14C by charged particles is significantly higher near the polar regions due to geomagnetic effects. Hence, a solar proton event is consistent with the observed latitude effects, whereas a gamma-ray burst or an atmospheric comet disintegration is not. Therefore, a solar origin is strongly implicated. These findings have a societal significance, since a solar storm poses a considerable threat to various infrastructures. We advice that the AD 775 event should be used as a new worst-case scenario when evaluating different risk mitigation strategies

    WASTE IN DESIGN MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF PROJECT NEEDS

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    Waste in all project processes is hindering productivity and project’s financial goals. Successful design management operations ensure error-free design documentation just in time so that production may start when scheduled with confidence for design quality. However, traditional design management processes aim to remove waste on individual design processes, thus neglecting to view the process as a whole. This research answers the question: How the project participants perceive waste in design management operations, and in which ways the waste could be eliminated? Following a design science research approach, methods applied in this research consist of a single-case study and semi-structured interviews with the project’s design-related organization as well as orientation to previous research related to waste in design management process. Several factors related to waste in design management process are identified, and potential countermeasures are proposed. A conceptual, holistically optimized design management process is presented to remove waste to support project teams’ struggle in reaching shared goals. The key aspects are a shared technical design process in combination with decentralized team-based processes, emphasizing designer’s resilience and ability to solve uncertain events by themselves. The flow between these two perspectives is acquired by a social collaboration that is initiated through trust.Peer reviewe
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