Progression of Renal Impairment and Chronic Kidney Disease in Chronic Heart Failure:An Analysis From GISSI-HF

AbstractBackgroundData on the natural change in renal function in patients with chronic heart failure (HF) are limited.Methods and ResultsEstimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was assessed over 36 months in 6934 patients included in the GISSI-HF study. Associations from baseline, changes in renal function, and occurrence of cardiovascular death or HF hospitalization were assessed. Mean age was 67 years, mainly men (78%), and mean eGFR was 68 mL • min−1 • 1.73 m−2. Change in eGFR in the 1st year was −1.5 ± 16 mL • min−1 • 1.73 m−2, and over 36 months it was −3.7 ± 18 mL • min−1 • 1.73 m−2. Over the latter period, only 25% deteriorated ≥1 Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiatives (KDOQI) class of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Fifteen percent of patients had >15 mL • min−1 • 1.73 m−2 decrease in eGFR in the 1st 12 months. Lower eGFR was associated with outcome: hazard ratio (HR) 1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08–1.10 (P < .001) per 10 mL • min−1 • 1.73 m−2 decrease, as well as every 10 mL • min−1 • 1.73 m−2 decrease over the 1st year (HR 1.10, 95% CI 1.04–1.17; P < .001). A deterioration in eGFR >15 mL • min−1 • 1.73 m−2 in the 1st year showed the highest risk of events (HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.10–1.36; P < .001).ConclusionsMean decrease in renal function over time in patients with chronic HF was modest. Only 25% deteriorated ≥1 KDOQI class of CKD after 3 years. Any decrease in eGFR over time was associated with strongly increased event rates

Checklist of the dipterofauna (Insecta) from Roraima, Brazil, with special reference to the Brazilian Ecological Station of Maracá

Roraima is a Brazilian state located in the northern portion of the Amazon basin, with few studies regarding its biodiversity. The Ecological Station of Maracá (Brazil, state of Roraima) harbors the third largest Brazilian pluvial island and is composed of a transitional landscape of savanna and Amazon rainforest components. Despite its ecological importance and strategic localization, few studies covered the dipterofauna of this locality. An updated checklist addressing 41 families of true flies (Diptera) occurring in Roraima is presented based on the literature and the specimens collected during a field expedition that occurred in 2015. This checklist brings several improvements such as new records of 165 taxa to the state of Roraima, 29 taxa to Brazil, and 259 morphotypes, mostly likely representing undescribed species

Ceftolozane/Tazobactam for Treatment of Severe ESBL-Producing Enterobacterales Infections: A Multicenter Nationwide Clinical Experience (CEFTABUSE II Study)

Background. Few data are reported in the literature about the outcome of patients with severe extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) infections treated with ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T), in empiric or definitive therapy.Methods. A multicenter retrospective study was performed in Italy (June 2016-June 2019). Successful clinical outcome was defined as complete resolution of clinical signs/symptoms related to ESBL-E infection and lack of microbiological evidence of infection. The primary end point was to identify predictors of clinical failure of C/T therapy.Results. C/T treatment was documented in 153 patients: pneumonia was the most common diagnosis (n = 46, 30%), followed by 34 cases of complicated urinary tract infections (22.2%). Septic shock was observed in 42 (27.5%) patients. C/T was used as empiric therapy in 46 (30%) patients and as monotherapy in 127 (83%) patients. Favorable clinical outcome was observed in 128 (83.7%) patients; 25 patients were considered to have failed C/T therapy. Overall, 30-day mortality was reported for 15 (9.8%) patients. At multivariate analysis, Charlson comorbidity index &gt;4 (odds ratio [OR], 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9-3.5; P = .02), septic shock (OR, 6.2; 95% CI, 3.8-7.9; P &lt; .001), and continuous renal replacement therapy (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.9-5.3; P = .001) were independently associated with clinical failure, whereas empiric therapy displaying in vitro activity (OR, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.01-0.34; P &lt; .001) and adequate source control of infection (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.14-0.55; P &lt; .001) were associated with clinical success.Conclusions. Data show that C/T could be a valid option in empiric and/or targeted therapy in patients with severe infections caused by ESBL-producing Enterobacterales. Clinicians should be aware of the risk of clinical failure with standard-dose C/T therapy in septic patients receiving CRRT

Delphi Initiative for Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer (DIRECt) International Management Guidelines

Background & aims: Patients with early-onset colorectal cancer (eoCRC) are managed according to guidelines that are not age-specific. A multidisciplinary international group (DIRECt), composed of 69 experts, was convened to develop the first evidence-based consensus recommendations for eoCRC. Methods: After reviewing the published literature, a Delphi methodology was used to draft and respond to clinically relevant questions. Each statement underwent 3 rounds of voting and reached a consensus level of agreement of ≥80%. Results: The DIRECt group produced 31 statements in 7 areas of interest: diagnosis, risk factors, genetics, pathology-oncology, endoscopy, therapy, and supportive care. There was strong consensus that all individuals younger than 50 should undergo CRC risk stratification and prompt symptom assessment. All newly diagnosed eoCRC patients should receive germline genetic testing, ideally before surgery. On the basis of current evidence, endoscopic, surgical, and oncologic treatment of eoCRC should not differ from later-onset CRC, except for individuals with pathogenic or likely pathogenic germline variants. The evidence on chemotherapy is not sufficient to recommend changes to established therapeutic protocols. Fertility preservation and sexual health are important to address in eoCRC survivors. The DIRECt group highlighted areas with knowledge gaps that should be prioritized in future research efforts, including age at first screening for the general population, use of fecal immunochemical tests, chemotherapy, endoscopic therapy, and post-treatment surveillance for eoCRC patients. Conclusions: The DIRECt group produced the first consensus recommendations on eoCRC. All statements should be considered together with the accompanying comments and literature reviews. We highlighted areas where research should be prioritized. These guidelines represent a useful tool for clinicians caring for patients with eoCRC

Niveís de vitamina E e diferentes fontes de selênio na alimentação de matrizes pesadas

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar diferentes níveis de vitamina E e diferentes fontes de selênio em rações de matrizes de frango de corte sobre o desempenho produtivo e as características de ovos incubáveis. Foram utilizadas 640 fêmeas e 64 machos de matrizes de corte da linhagem Cobb 500 criados no período de 22 a 52 semanas de idade. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos e oito repetições de vinte fêmeas e dois machos, decomposto em um modelo fatorial com dois níveis de vitamina E, (30 e 120 mg/kg) e duas fontes de selênio (selenito de sódio e zinco-L-selenometionina). Foram avaliadas a taxa de postura, ovos por matriz, viabilidade, percentual de ovos incubáveis, pesos de ovo, gema, casca e albúmen. Não houve alteração na produção de ovos pela variação dos níveis de vitamina E ou fontes de selênio na ração (P>0,05%). Foi verificada redução na viabilidade do plantel, quando as matrizes receberam ração contendo 120 mg/kg de vitamina E. A suplementação com zinco-L-selenometionina aumentou o percentual de ovos deformados. Os pesos do ovo, casca e albúmen foram maiores (P<0,05%) quando as reprodutoras receberam ração contendo zinco-L-selenometionina com 120mg/kg de vitamina E. O aumento do nível de vitamina E e o uso de zinco-L-selenometionina não melhoram o desempenho produtivo de matrizes de frango de corte, mas alteram as características do ovo

Appropriateness of Prescriptions of Recommended Treatments in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Health Systems: Findings Based on the Long-Term Registry of the European Society of Cardiology on Heart Failure

AbstractObjectiveThis observational study aimed to identify clinical variables and health system characteristics associated with incomplete guideline application in drug treatment of patients with chronic heart failure (HF) across 15 countries.MethodsThree data sets were used: European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Registry, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s Health System Characteristics Survey, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Health Statistics 2013. Patient and country variables were examined by multilevel, multiple logistic regression. The study population consisted of ambulatory patients with chronic HF and reduced ejection fraction. Inappropriateness of prescription of pharmacological treatments was defined as patients not prescribed at least one of the two recommended treatments (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin-receptor blockers and beta-blockers) or treated with both medications but at suboptimal dosage and in absence of documented contraindication/intolerance.ResultsOf 4605 patients, 1097 (23.8%) received inappropriate drug prescriptions with a large variation within and across countries, with 18.5% of the total variability accounted for by between-country health structure characteristics. Patient-level characteristics such as having mitral regurgitation (odds ratio 1.4; 95% confidence interval 1.1–1.7) was significantly associated with inappropriate prescription of recommended drugs, whereas chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (odds ratio 0.7; 95% confidence interval 0.5–0.9) was associated with more appropriate prescriptions. Among the country-level variables, incentives or obligation to comply with guidelines increased the probability of prescription appropriateness.ConclusionsCombining clinical variables with health system characteristics is a promising exercise to explain the appropriateness of recommended drug prescriptions. Such an understanding can help decision makers to design more effective policies to improve adherence to guidelines, improve health care outcomes, and potentially reduce costs

Prognostic impact of in-hospital hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients with acute heart failure: Results of the IN-HF (Italian Network on Heart Failure) Outcome registry

Objectives. Although diabetes mellitus is frequently associated with heart failure (HF), the association between elevated admission glucose levels and adverse outcomes has not been well established in hospitalized patients with acute HF. Methods. We prospectively evaluated in-hospital mortality, post-discharge 1-year mortality and 1-year re-hospitalization rates in the Italian Network on Heart Failure(IN-HF) Outcome registry cohort of 1,776 patients hospitalized with acute HF and stratified by their admission glucose levels (i.e., known diabetes, newly diagnosed hyperglycemia, no diabetes). Results. Compared with those without diabetes (n=586), patients with either known diabetes (n=749) (unadjusted-odds ratio [OR] 1.64, 95%CI 0.99-2.70) or newly diagnosed hyperglycemia (n=441) (unadjusted-OR 2.34, 95%CI 1.39-3.94) had higher in-hospital mortality, but comparable post-discharge 1-year mortality rates. After adjustment for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate, left ventricular ejection fraction, HF etiology and HF worsening/de novo presentation, the results remained unchanged in patients with known diabetes (adjusted-OR 1.86, 95%CI 1.01-3.42), while achieved borderline significance in those with newly diagnosed hyperglycemia (adjusted-OR 1.81, 95%CI 0.95-3.45).One-year re-hospitalization rates were lower in patients with newly diagnosed hyperglycemia (adjusted-hazard ratio 0.74, 95%CI 0.56-0.96) than in other groups. Conclusions. Elevated admission blood glucose levels are associated with poorer in-hospital survival outcomes in patients with acute HF, especially in those with previously known diabetes. This finding further highlights the importance of tight glycemic control during hospital stay and address the need of dedicated intervention studies to identify customized clinical protocols to improve in-hospital survival of these high-risk patients