Diet and lifestyle changes during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ibero-American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Peru, and Spain

This study aimed to evaluate changes in dietary and lifestyle habits during the period of confinement due to the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ibero-American countries. A cross-sectional investigation was conducted with 6,325 participants of both genders (68% women), over 18 years of age and from five countries: Brazil (N = 2,171), Argentina (N = 1,111), Peru (N = 1,174), Mexico (N = 686), and Spain (N = 1,183). Data were collected during the year 2020, between April 01 and June 30 in Spain and between July 13 and September 26, in the other countries studied using a self-administered online survey designed for the assessment of sociodemographic, employment, physical activity, health status, and dietary habits changes. Most participants (61.6%), mainly those from Spain, remained constant, without improving or worsening their pattern of food consumption. Among those who changed, a pattern of better eating choices prevailed (22.7%) in comparison with those who changed toward less healthy choices (15.7%). Argentina and Brazil showed the highest proportion of changes toward a healthier pattern of food consumption. Peruvians and Mexicans were less likely to make healthy changes in food consumption (OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.4–0.6 and OR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.4–0.8, respectively), when compared to Argentinians. Most respondents did not change their pattern of meal consumption, but those who did reduced their consumption of main meals and increased intake of small meals and snacks. Although most participants affirmed to be doing physical activity at home, about one-half reported perception of weight gain. Individuals with alterations in sleep pattern (either by increasing or decreasing sleep time) were more likely to change their diets to a healthier pattern. In contrast, individuals with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and those who reported feeling anxious were more likely to perform changes to a less healthy eating pattern (OR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.2–2.3 and OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.1–1.4, respectively). In conclusion, although most participants remained constant in their eating habits, lifestyle changes and anxiety feelings were reported. Among those who changed patterns of food consumption, healthier choices prevailed, with differences between countries. However, there were alterations in the distribution of meals, with higher consumption of snacks and small meals. These results can be used to guide policies to prevent deleterious consequences that may affect the incidence of chronic diseasesWe acknowledge the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) which provided MCBM a productivity fellowship and the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) which granted OE-M a Ph.D. scholarship. The project developed in Spain was supported by the Program of R&D activities between research groups of the Community of Madrid in Social Sciences and Humanities, co-financed with the European Social Fund (H2019/HUM-5802

Performance study of a 3 x 1 x 1 m(3) dual phase liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber exposed to cosmic rays

This work would not have been possible without the support of the Swiss National Science Foundation, Switzerland; CEA and CNRS/IN2P3, France; KEK and the JSPS program, Japan; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion in Spain under grants FPA2016-77347-C2, SEV-2016-0588 and MdM-2015-0509, Comunidad de Madrid, the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya and the fellowship (LCF/BQ/DI18/11660043) from "La Caixa" Foundation (ID 100010434); the Programme PNCDI III, CERN-RO, under Contract 2/2020, Romania; the U.S. Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-SC0011686. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation program under Grant Agreement no. 654168. The authors are also grateful to the French government operated by the National Research Agency (ANR) for the LABEX Enigmass, LABEX Lyon Institute of Origins (ANR-10-LABX-0066) of the Universite de Lyon for its financial support within the program "Investissements d'Avenir" (ANR-11-IDEX-0007).We report the results of the analyses of the cosmic ray data collected with a 4 tonne (3x1x1 m(3)) active mass (volume) Liquid Argon Time-Projection Chamber (TPC) operated in a dual-phase mode. We present a detailed study of the TPC's response, its main detector parameters and performance. The results are important for the understanding and further developments of the dual-phase technology, thanks to the verification of key aspects, such as the extraction of electrons from liquid to gas and their amplification through the entire one square metre readout plain, gain stability, purity and charge sharing between readout views.Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)French Atomic Energy CommissionCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceSpanish Government FPA2016-77347-C2 SEV-2016-0588MdM-2015-0509Comunidad de MadridCERCA program of the Generalitat de CatalunyaLa Caixa Foundation LCF/BQ/DI18/11660043 100010434Programme PNCDI III, RomaniaCERN-RO, Romania 2/2020United States Department of Energy (DOE) SC0011686European Commission 654168Universite de Lyon ANR-10-LABX-0066 ANR-11-IDEX-000

Search for strongly interacting massive particles generating trackless jets in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeV

A search for dark matter in the form of strongly interacting massive particles (SIMPs) using the CMS detector at the LHC is presented. The SIMPs would be produced in pairs that manifest themselves as pairs of jets without tracks. The energy fraction of jets carried by charged particles is used as a key discriminator to suppress efficiently the large multijet background, and the remaining background is estimated directly from data. The search is performed using proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 16.1 fb - 1 , collected with the CMS detector in 2016. No significant excess of events is observed above the expected background. For the simplified dark matter model under consideration, SIMPs with masses up to 100 GeV are excluded and further sensitivity is explored towards higher masses

Search for W´ bosons decaying to a top and a bottom quark at root s=13 TeV in the hadronic final state

A search is performed for W ' bosons decaying to a top and a bottom quark in the all-hadronic final state, in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13TeV. The analyzed data were collected by the CMS experiment between 2016 and 2018 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 137fb(-1). Deep neural network algorithms are used to identify the jet initiated by the bottom quark and the jet containing the decay products of the top quark when the W ' boson from the top quark decays hadronically. No excess above the estimated standard model background is observed. Upper limits on the production cross sections of W ' bosons decaying to a top and a bottom quark are set. Both left- and right-handed W ' bosons with masses below 3.4TeV are excluded at 95% confidence level, and the most stringent limits to date on W ' bosons decaying to a top and a bottom quark in the all-hadronic final state are obtained. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Measurement of the top quark Yukawa coupling from tt̄ kinematic distributions in the dilepton final state in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV

A measurement of the Higgs boson Yukawa coupling to the top quark is presented using proton-proton collision data at √s = 13  TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137  fb⁻¹, recorded with the CMS detector. The coupling strength with respect to the standard model value, Y_t, is determined from kinematic distributions in tt̄ final states containing ee, μμ, or eμ pairs. Variations of the Yukawa coupling strength lead to modified distributions for tt̄ production. In particular, the distributions of the mass of the tt̄ system and the rapidity difference of the top quark and antiquark are sensitive to the value of Y_t. The measurement yields a best fit value of Y_t = 1.16^(+0.24)_(−0.35), bounding Y_t < 1.54 at a 95% confidence level

Measurement of the top quark Yukawa coupling from ttˉ\bar{t} kinematic distributions in the dilepton final state in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV

A measurement of the Higgs boson Yukawa coupling to the top quark is presented using proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s}$=13  TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137  fb$^{-1}$, recorded with the CMS detector. The coupling strength with respect to the standard model value, Y$_{t}$, is determined from kinematic distributions in tt̅ final states containing ee, μμ, or eμ pairs. Variations of the Yukawa coupling strength lead to modified distributions for tt̅ production. In particular, the distributions of the mass of the tt̅ system and the rapidity difference of the top quark and antiquark are sensitive to the value of Y$_{t}$. The measurement yields a best fit value of Y$_{t}$=1.16+0.24−0.35, bounding Y$_{t}$<1.54 at a 95% confidence level