Efeito de produto a base de azadiractinano controle de Sitophilus zeamais Mots.1855 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

O milho, ao ser armazenado, fica vulnerável a diferentes intempéries, dentre elas, o ataque de pragas como o Sitophilus zeamais, que causa grande perda de peso e qualidade dos grãos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo, avaliar o potencial de utilização do produto a base de azadiractina (Azamax®) no controle de S. zeamais. O produto foi aplicado em cinco diferentes doses (0,1; 0,2; 0,3; 0,4; 0,5%) mais a testemunha (água destilada), utilizando cinza como veículo. Os tratamentos foram aplicados em cinza, 1:1 (p:v) e deixado secar, sendo posteriormente aplicação em 100g de grãos. Adicionaram-se a esses grãos 10 adultos de S. zeamais. A avaliação de mortalidade foi realizada aos 10 dias após aplicação. Foi observado eficiência de controle de 60% na dose de 0,5%.Edição dos resumos do I Congresso Paranaense de Agroecologia ?Pinhais/PR?29 e 30/05/2014

Diagnoses of Ovine Infection by the Serotype-4 Bluetongue Virus on Minas Gerais, Brazil

Background: Bluetongue (BT) is a viral disease transmitted by hematophagous vectors of the genus Culicoides. In Brazil, the identifcation of antibodies against the virus has been held for over thirty years, however clinicopathological diagnosis of the disease are scarce. The frst reported case occurred in the state of Paraná in 2001, confrmed by isolation and identifcation of serotype 12 of BTV. In the state of Rio Grande do Sul, in 2009, two outbreaks confrmed and was identifed the serotype 12. Serotype 4 was isolated during an outbreak in the state of Rio de Janeiro in 2013. This study describes the Diagnoses of ovine infection by the serotype-4 bluetongue virus in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Case: In a farm in the Southern region of the state of Minas Gerais, a group of 28 male sheep, was sent for necropsy at the Setor de Patologia Veterinária of Universidade Federal de Lavras (SPV-UFLA). In a flock of 80 male sheep 28 died with clinical signs of respiratory distress, whereas other showed signs of anemia and hypoproteinemia, cough, sneezing, prostration, fever, mucopurulent nasal discharge, anemia and submandibular edema. At necropsy, the main changes observed were cranioventral pulmonary consolidation, hemorrhage at the base of the pulmonary artery and ulcerating lesions in the hard palate mucosa, rumen and reticulum. The histological changes consisted of bacterial bronchopneumonia, papillary necrosis associated with bacterial structures, multifocal vasculitis in the submucosa and thrombi in blood vessels of the serosa in the rumen and reticulum, hyaline and flocculate necrosis in esophageal muscle, skeletal and cardiac muscle fbers were also observed, associated with moderate mononuclear inflammatory infltrate between fbers and around blood vessels. Discussion: The diagnosis of BT was confrmed by the identifcation of nucleic acids of the virus in blood samples and from tissues of animals from the herd by RT-PCR and by the detection of antibodies against Bluetongue virus with the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test using serum samples from the remaining herd animals. Serotype 4 was identifed in three of the samples inoculated into KC cells. The hemorrhage at the base of the pulmonary artery, one characteristic fndings, was found in three of the necropsied sheep. The pulmonary lesions observed in the present study strongly suggest the occurrence of pneumonia caused by opportunistic bacteria, especially Mannheimia haemolytica, which is commonly associated with pneumonia in sheep infected with BTV. This work is the frst in the state of Minas Gerais and the fourth in Brazil to report an outbreak of the disease with clinical signs. The economic impact of bluetongue results not only from the direct losses of animals to the disease, but also to the correlation among BTV infection and other problems including pneumonia, abortion and verminoses. In a study focused on the characteristics of ovine farming in Minas Gerais, farmers from the center-southwest reported that abortion and pneumonia were among their main problems. Thus, further epidemiological studies on BTV may improve the level of identifcation of infected herds and may help promote prophylactic measures. Necropsies and histopathology exams constitute crucial tools for diagnosis, because most cases present at a sub-clinical stage or in association with other, concomitant diseases. Keywords: BTV 4, viral diseases, sheep, RT-PCR e IDG

Results of endoscopic biliary drainage in patients with malignant hilar stricture

In Malignant Hilar Biliary Stricture (MHBS) palliative biliary drainage is a frequent strategy, improving the quality of life, reducing pruritus, loss of appetite and relieving cholangitis. The endoscopic approach is an effective, although challenging procedure. This study aimed to evaluate technical and clinical success rates of biliary drainage by ERCP. This is a retrospective study including all patients with MHBS referred to Instituto do Cancer do Hospital de São Paulo (ICESP) submitted to biliary drainage by ERCP, between January 2010 and December 2017. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to evaluate predictors of clinical failure, as total bilirubin levels, Bismuth classification, number of hepatic sectors drained and presence of cholangitis. In total, 82 patients presenting unresectable MHBS were included in this study. 58.5% female and 41.5% male, with a mean age of 60±13 years. Bismuth classification grades II, IIIA, IIIB and IV were noted in 23.2%, 15.9%, 14.6% and 46.3%, respectively. Technical and clinical success was achieved in 92.7% and 53.7% respectively. At multivariable logistic-regression analyses, Bismuth IV strictures were related to higher clinical failure rates when compared to other strictures levels, with an Odds Ratio of 5.8 (95% CI 1.28‒20.88). In conclusion, endoscopic biliary drainage for malignant hilar biliary stricture had a high technical success but suboptimal clinical success rate. Proximal strictures (Bismuth IV) were associated with poor drainage outcomes

Mitotic chromosomes are compacted laterally by KIF4 and condensin and axially by topoisomerase IIα

© 2012 Samejima et al. This article is distributed under the terms of an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike–No Mirror Sites license for the first six months after the publication dateMitotic chromosome formation involves a relatively minor condensation of the chromatin volume coupled with a dramatic reorganization into the characteristic "X" shape. Here we report results of a detailed morphological analysis, which revealed that chromokinesin KIF4 cooperated in a parallel pathway with condensin complexes to promote the lateral compaction of chromatid arms. In this analysis, KIF4 and condensin were mutually dependent for their dynamic localization on the chromatid axes. Depletion of either caused sister chromatids to expand and compromised the "intrinsic structure" of the chromosomes (defined in an in vitro assay), with loss of condensin showing stronger effects. Simultaneous depletion of KIF4 and condensin caused complete loss of chromosome morphology. In these experiments, topoisomerase IIα contributed to shaping mitotic chromosomes by promoting the shortening of the chromatid axes and apparently acting in opposition to the actions of KIF4 and condensins. These three proteins are major determinants in shaping the characteristic mitotic chromosome morphology

O impacto da obesidade abdominal sobre os níveis plasmáticos de lípides nos idosos

Model of the study: cross-sectional. Introduction : There are reports of an increase in the prevalence of dislipidemias with aging. It is necessary to determine the true impact of centripetal obesity on plasma levels lipids of older people. Objectives : To verify the possible association between the abdominal circumference, a marker of visceral fat, with the levels of blood lipids. Methods  : The study included 98 patients with 60 to 79 years of age, residents in the western district of the city of Ribeirão Preto, 58 women. The mean age of the volunteers was 66.3 years. The following data were analyzed: abdominal circumference, hip circumference, triglycerides, total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol. The abdominal circumference was measured as a surrogate for centripetal obesity. Results : There was no association between total cholesterol and abdominal circumference (p = 0.88). There was also no association with different types of obesity (p=0.73 and p=0.60 for men and women, respectively). The association between triglycerides and abdominal circumference was significant (p <0.0001), but when obesity was classified according to types, there was association between triglycerides and abdominal circumference in women (p=0.002) but not in men (p=0.07). There was negative association between HDL cholesterol and abdominal circumference (p=0.018), however when obesity types were analyzed separately the association between HDL and abdominal circumference was not significant (p=0.40 and p=0.07 for men and women, respectively). Conclusion : Probably, in the old population, the cardiovascular risk resulting from centripetal obesity has not, in its etiology, the increase of lipids of the blood only.  Modelo do Estudo: estudo de prevalência. Introdução : Há relatos do aumento da prevalência de dislipidemias com o envelhecimento. Há poucos estudos associando a obesidade centrípeta com a dislipidemia e há, ainda, que se determinar a real influência da obesidade abdominal sobre os níveis plasmáticos de lípides em idosos. Objetivo : Avaliar a possível associação entre a medida da circunferência abdominal, marcadora de gordura visceral, e os níveis de lípides no sangue. Métodos: O estudo foi realizado em 98 pacientes com 60 a 79 anos de idade, moradores do Distrito Oeste da cidade de Ribeirão Preto, sendo que 58 eram mulheres. A idade média dos voluntários foi de 66,3 anos. Foram colhidos os seguintes dados: circunferência abdominal, circunferência do quadril, triglicérides, colesterol total e HDL colesterol. A circunferência abdominal foi o parâmetro para a obesidade centrípeta.Resultados:  Não houve associação entre colesterol total e circunferência abdominal (p = 0,88). Quando separamos pelo gênero verificamos que também não houve associação (p=0,73 e p=0,60 para homens e mulheres, respectivamente). A associação entre triglicérides e circunferência abdominal foi significativa (p<0,0001), mas ao separar por gêneros, houve associação entre triglicérides e circunferência abdominal nas mulheres (p=0,002) enquanto que nos homens não houve associação (p=0,07). Houve associação negativa entre HDL e circunferência abdominal (p=0,018), porém quando os gêneros foram analisados separadamente a associação entre HDL e circunferência abdominal não foi significativa (p=0,40 e p=0,07 para homens e mulheres, respectivamente). Conclusão: Provavelmente, em idosos, o risco cardiovascular advindo da obesidade centrípeta não tem na sua etiologia, exclusivamente, o aumento de lípides do sangue

AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE MICROBIOLÓGICA DE ÁGUAS MINERAIS ENVASADAS - DINÂMICA POPULACIONAL DE Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Com o intuito de monitorar alterações no índice de contaminação durante o armazenamento, foram avaliadas quanto à contaminação por Pseudomonas aeruginosa setenta e cinco amostras, de cinco marcas distintas, de água mineral envasadas em copos ou garrafas plásticas de 500 mL e 1500 mL. Os ensaios foram efetuados em dois períodos diferenciados, o primeiro um dia após aquisição das amostras no ponto de venda e o segundo quando as amostras completaram seis meses de armazenamento. Segundo os padrões determinados pela RDC n. 275/05 do Ministério da Saúde, 53% dos lotes foram rejeitados. O monitoramento da contaminação durante o armazenamento revelou que, independente da elevação ou redução nas contagens, P.aeruginosa foi detectada mesmo após 180 dias de estocagem, confirmando que se trata de micro-organismo que se adapta em ambientes com baixo teor nutricional. O percentual de rejeição das amostras revelou a necessidade de práticas de higiene mais efetivas a serem adotadas durante o envase, garantindo a comercialização de produtos seguros e que atendam aos rigorosos padrões microbiológicos estabelecidos pela legislação brasileira

Diode-pumped ultrafast Yb:KGW laser with 56 fs pulses and multi-100 kW peak power based on SESAM and Kerr-lens mode locking

A high-power sub-60 fs mode-locked diode-pumped Yb:KGW laser based on hybrid action of an InGaAs quantum-dot saturable absorber mirror and Kerr-lens mode locking was demonstrated. The laser delivered 56 fs pulses with 1.95 W of average power corresponding to 450 kW of peak power. The width of the generated laser spectrum was 20.5 nm, which was near the gain bandwidth limit of the Yb:KGW crystal. To the best of our knowledge, these are the shortest pulses generated from the monoclinic double tungstate crystals (and Yb:KGW laser crystal in particular) and the most powerful in the sub-60 fs regime. At the same time, they are also the shortest pulses produced to date with the help of a quantum-dot-based saturable absorber. High-power operation with a pulse duration of 90 fs and 2.85 W of average output power was also demonstrated

Identification and Validation of Novel Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers for Staging Early Alzheimer's Disease

Ideally, disease modifying therapies for Alzheimer disease (AD) will be applied during the 'preclinical' stage (pathology present with cognition intact) before severe neuronal damage occurs, or upon recognizing very mild cognitive impairment. Developing and judiciously administering such therapies will require biomarker panels to identify early AD pathology, classify disease stage, monitor pathological progression, and predict cognitive decline. To discover such biomarkers, we measured AD-associated changes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteome.CSF samples from individuals with mild AD (Clinical Dementia Rating [CDR] 1) (n = 24) and cognitively normal controls (CDR 0) (n = 24) were subjected to two-dimensional difference-in-gel electrophoresis. Within 119 differentially-abundant gel features, mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) identified 47 proteins. For validation, eleven proteins were re-evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Six of these assays (NrCAM, YKL-40, chromogranin A, carnosinase I, transthyretin, cystatin C) distinguished CDR 1 and CDR 0 groups and were subsequently applied (with tau, p-tau181 and Aβ42 ELISAs) to a larger independent cohort (n = 292) that included individuals with very mild dementia (CDR 0.5). Receiver-operating characteristic curve analyses using stepwise logistic regression yielded optimal biomarker combinations to distinguish CDR 0 from CDR>0 (tau, YKL-40, NrCAM) and CDR 1 from CDR<1 (tau, chromogranin A, carnosinase I) with areas under the curve of 0.90 (0.85-0.94 95% confidence interval [CI]) and 0.88 (0.81-0.94 CI), respectively.Four novel CSF biomarkers for AD (NrCAM, YKL-40, chromogranin A, carnosinase I) can improve the diagnostic accuracy of Aβ42 and tau. Together, these six markers describe six clinicopathological stages from cognitive normalcy to mild dementia, including stages defined by increased risk of cognitive decline. Such a panel might improve clinical trial efficiency by guiding subject enrollment and monitoring disease progression. Further studies will be required to validate this panel and evaluate its potential for distinguishing AD from other dementing conditions

Controle massal da broca‑do‑café com armadilhas de garrafa Pet vermelha em cafeeiro

The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of red PET‑bottle traps, containing attractive alcoholic volatile compounds, in the mass control of coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei). The evaluations were carried out in four coffee crops, during two years. Nine hundred PET‑bottle traps, painted red, were distributed in three of the four coffee crops; one crop without traps was used as a control. Holes drilled into berries (%) were determined in these crops. There was a reduction in drilled berries in crops with traps, from the 2007/2008 harvest to the 2008/2009 harvest. The highest coffee berry borer densities in traps was observed in the flowering and small‑green berries stages. The red PET‑bottle trap is efficient in the mass control of the coffee berry borer population, since it reduces the percentage of drilled berries in 57%; however, this reduction is not enough to keep borer densities below the control level.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia de armadilha de garrafa Pet vermelha contendo compostos voláteis alcoólicos atrativos, no controle massal da broca‑do‑café (Hypothenemus hampei). As avaliações foram realizadas em quatro lavouras de café, durante dois anos. Foram distribuídas 900 armadilhas de garrafa Pet, pintadas de vermelho, em três das quatro lavouras; uma lavoura sem armadilhas foi usada como controle. O broqueamento dos frutos (%) foi determinado nessas lavouras. Houve redução do broqueamento de frutos nas lavouras com armadilhas, da safra 2007/2008 para a safra 2008/2009. As maiores densidades da broca‑do‑café nas armadilhas foram observadas nos estádios de floração e de frutos chumbinho. A armadilha de garrafa Pet vermelha é eficaz no controle massal da população da broca‑do‑café, por reduzir a percentagem de frutos broqueados em 57%; entretanto, essa redução não é suficiente para manter as densidades da broca abaixo do nível de controle