Antibiotic resistance in the environment, with particular reference to MRSA

The introduction of β-lactam antibiotics (penicillins and cephalosporins) in the 1940s and 1950s probably represents the most dramatic event in the battle against infection in human medicine. Even before widespread global use of penicillin, resistance was already recorded. E. coli producing a penicillinase was reported in Nature in 1940 (Abraham, 1940) and soon after a similar penicillinase was discovered in Staphylococcus aureus (Kirby, 1944). The appearance of these genes, so quickly after the discovery and before the widespread introduction of penicillin, clearly shows that the resistance genes pre-dated clinical use of the antibiotic itself

Avian Colibacillosis and Salmonellosis: A Closer Look at Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Control and Public Health Concerns

Avian colibacillosis and salmonellosis are considered to be the major bacterial diseases in the poultry industry world-wide. Colibacillosis and salmonellosis are the most common avian diseases that are communicable to humans. This article provides the vital information on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, control and public health concerns of avian colibacillosis and salmonellosis. A better understanding of the information addressed in this review article will assist the poultry researchers and the poultry industry in continuing to make progress in reducing and eliminating avian colibacillosis and salmonellosis from the poultry flocks, thereby reducing potential hazards to the public health posed by these bacterial diseases

An Evaluation of a Secondary Intervention for Reducing Problem Behaviors and Improving Academic Outcomes in Schools

xiv, 100 p. : ill. (some col.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.Schools today are faced with a growing number of student discipline problems and increasing rates of academic underachievement. To effectively meet the needs of all students, schools must utilize strategies and interventions that are both effective and efficient. Secondary interventions are designed to support students who are at risk for developing more severe behavior and academic problems. One secondary intervention that is supported by a growing research base is the Check-in/Check-out (CICO) program. Research has shown CICO to be most effective for students sensitive to adult attention; CICO is less effective-without modification, for students whose problem behavior is maintained by escape or avoidance from academic tasks. The present study addressed this gap in the literature by evaluating a modified version of CICO, designed as a comprehensive, targeted intervention for students exhibiting both academic and behavioral difficulties in school. This modified version of CICO, Academics and Behavior Check-in/Check-out (ABC), was specifically designed for students with organizational skill deficits that contribute to their problem behavior in school. The present study examined (1) if a functional relation exists between ABC and reductions in problem behavior, and (2) the effects of implementation of ABC on class work and homework completion and accuracy. A reversal design was used to evaluate the efficacy of ABC. Results indicated that ABC was functionally related to reductions in classroom problem behavior in all three participants. In addition, indirect measures suggested that ABC resulted in increased teacher ratings of student class work and homework completion and accuracy. Teacher ratings were generally higher for both work completion and accuracy during ABC phases when compared with baseline ratings. Practical and conceptual implications, as well as future research, will be discussed.Committee in charge: Cynthia Anderson, Chairperson; Jeffrey Sprague, Member; Robert Horner, Member; Philip Fisher, Outside Membe

Bisolfito di Calcio come coadiuvante di pressatura e sua azione antisettica: primi risultati

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Impiego di bisolfiti di ammoni e di calcio in diffusione

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Occurrence of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in Pork and Poultry Products from a Cattle-Rearing Area of France

Meat products were collected from public retail outlets and tested for the presence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in an area with a high prevalence of VRE reported in human fecal samples. VRE were detected in 66% of the samples, and a predominance of VanC strains was found, which is also true for human fecal samples

Isolation of vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium from food

In a survey of vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF) in Danish meat products, VREF could be detected in 16% of 160 samples of broilers collected at slaughterhouses and in 15% of 26 samples of pork collected from the retail trade. VREF were isolated by enrichment for 24 h in nutrient broth supplemented with vancomycin (50 mu g/ml) prior to plating on Slanetz and Bartley agar. Using direct plating on Slanetz and Bartley agar, VREF could be isolated from only 1.7% of 540 samples of broilers from slaughterhouses and 2.2% of 90 samples of broilers from retail outlets. VREF was not detected in 124 samples of pork and 128 samples of beef from retail outlets by the direct plating method. An additional enrichment step in nutrient broth supplemented with vancomycin enhanced the detection rate of VREF by approximately three times compared to the direct plating method when investigating the same 160 samples of broilers by the two methods. The implications and public health aspects of VREF in food is discussed