Flexible monolithic ultra-portable ground penetrating radar using inkjet printing technology

Flexible monolithic ultra-portable ground penetrating radar using inkjet printing technology A Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) performs nondestructive detection of buried objects, or subsurface imaging by transmitting electromagnetic waves and detecting and analyzing the reflections. The main challenge of GPR is the reduction in detection range due to the severe signal attenuation that is caused by subsurface conductivity that becomes more severe at high frequencies. In order to increase the detection range, GPR uses lower frequencies than non-GPR radars and thus requires larger antennas that may limit system portability. Most GPR systems use impulse radars however the FMCW (frequency modulated continuous wave) radar can provide some advantages such as frequency versatility, reduced system maintenance and improved range resolution. Frequencies below 1 GHz were initially uncommon in short-range FMCW radars but are now finding their way back in systems such as ultra-wideband (UWB) ground penetrating radars for mine detection and as well as other applications. When measurements are performed on vehicles, large antenna fixtures are not a problem. Portability, however, can become an issue in geophysical studies or emergency work in which one may need to transport the system through rugged, unexplored and/or hazardous locations without vehicle access and perform measurements. Inaccessible environments may require climbing up and down, squeezing through, jumping over, crawling under, maneuvering through or swimming through obstacles (mountains, caves, lakes, rocky areas). In addition to transportation, rapid system setup is critical in difficult conditions such as freezing temperatures or extreme heat where exposure time is costly and limits measurement time. One solution to enhance the portability and deployability of a GPR system for wide area rugged measurements is to realize a complete system on a continuous substrate that is rollable around a reasonably small radius and storable in a scroll or poster-like fashion for easy backpack transportation. Electronics that can flex and bend have already used in military applications and for outdoor sporting gear. Currently, there are a few types of technology available to realize flexible electronics that have been a major topic of research, each with different levels of integration. Inkjet printing technology offers a cost effective, versatile and efficient method for realizing flexible devices. In this work a classical FMCW radar system is designed and an effort is made, for the first time, to apply inkjet printing technology to a radar system. The system is referred to as a portable monolithic radar system in which all actives, passives and antenna are meant to share the same continuous rollable substrate. In doing this, a medium level of integration is used to investigate limits of system complexity, resolution and ultra miniaturization for tight rollability. Various design challenges of a large system are overcome that will hopefully give insight to new designs as the integration level using inkjet printing technology increases

Cultural Competence in Transnational Settings & Quality Education for American Indians: Anatomy of Challenges

This article juxtaposes the lived experiences of two educators newly immersed in very different work environments. One of the educators, one coming from a British education background, looks at the anomalies of communication, work practice, and student expectations at a university located in the southern United States. The second educator, working in a K-12 school system on an American-Indian reservation in Arizona, looks at the challenges of NCLB, ELL, curricula, assessment methods, dropout rates, and funding. Upon examination of the issues of a quality and fair education for American Indians, it becomes clear that teachers have to bring an existential-phenomenological perspective. The wide-ranging conversations articulate the necessity for educators to develop a practical anthropology of practice of their work environment and culture

‘Purpose’ as a way of helping white trainee history teachers engage with diversity issues

Based on a three year action research project, this study examines one strand of that research, namely the impact that ‘purpose’, i.e. exploring the range of rationales for studying a subject, has in helping white trainee teachers embrace cultural and ethnic diversity within their teaching. Through ‘purpose’ trainees explored different reasons why history should be taught (and by implication what content should be taught and how it should be taught) and the relationship of these reasons to diversity. Focusing on ‘purpose’ appears to have a positive impact on many trainees from white, mono-ethnic backgrounds, enabling them to bring diversity into the school curriculum, in this case history teaching. It offers one way to counter concerns about issues of ‘whiteness’ in the teaching profession and by teaching a more relevant curriculum has a potential positive impact on the achievement of students from minority ethnic backgrounds

Disrupting colonial discourses in the Geography curriculum during the introduction of British Values policy in schools

The main purpose of this article is to expose and disrupt discourses dominating global development in an English school geography textbook chapter. The study was prompted by a teacher’s encounter with cultural difference in a geography lesson in South Korea. I investigate the issues raised through the lens of a new curriculum policy in English schools called ‘Promoting Fundamental British Values’ which forms part of England’s education-securitisation agenda, a topic of international attention. Following contextualisation across research fields and in recent curriculum and assessment policy reform, I bring together theoretical perspectives from curriculum studies and Continental philosophy that do not usually speak to each other, to construct a new analytical approach. I identify three key themes, each informed by colonial logic: ‘development’, ‘numerical indicators’ and ‘learning to divide the world’. The inquiry appears to expose a tension between the knowledge of the textbook chapter and the purported aims of the British Values curriculum policy, but further investigation reveals the two to be connected through common colonial values. The findings are relevant to teachers, publishers, textbook authors, policy makers and curriculum researchers. I recommend a refreshed curriculum agenda with the politics of knowledge and ethical global relations at its centre

Literacia histórica e história transformativa

Resumo A Educação Histórica, como a própria história, é uma conquista precária; é vulnerável a agendas políticas e educacionais que procuram mesclá-la com outras partes do currículo ou reduzi-la a um veículo para a cidadania ou valores comuns patrióticos. Se tivermos a expectativa de nos engajarmos em uma discussão séria na Educação Histórica em face destes desafios, devemos evitar lemas polares como "tradicional versus progressista", "centrado na criança versus centrado na matéria" e "habilidades versus conteúdo", que têm produzido muita confusão na literatura. Em particular, deve-se evitar falar de competências, com a sua infeliz concessão de licenças a convenientes e tolos currículos genéricos. A história é uma forma pública de conhecimento e o desenvolvimento de uma tradição metacognitiva, com as suas próprias normas e critérios. Há evidências que sugerem que a história é contraintuitiva e que entendê-la envolve a alteração ou até mesmo o abandono de ideias cotidianas que tornam o conhecimento do passado impossível. Consequentemente o ensino de história envolve o desenvolvimento de um aparato conceitual de segunda ordem que permite que a história siga em frente, em vez de imobilizá-la e, ao fazê-lo, abre a perspectiva de mudança de uma visão cotidiana da natureza e do estado do conhecimento do passado para uma de conhecimento histórico. Isto nos permite dar conta do que significa saber um pouco de história - um provisório conceito de literacia histórica - como um aprendizado de uma compreensão disciplinar da história, como a aquisição das disposições que derivam e impulsionam essa compreensão histórica e como o desenvolvimento de uma imagem do passado, que permite que os alunos se orientem no tempo. Existem pesquisas para informar o debate sobre o primeiro componente, mas há pouco disponível para o segundo. Há um interesse atual considerável no terceiro componente, mas o debate centrou-se sobre a questão perene da "ignorância" das crianças, em vez de reconhecer que o problema é encontrar maneiras de permitir que os alunos adquiram passados ​históricos utilizáveis que não são histórias fixas. A obtenção de literacia histórica potencialmente transforma a visão de mundo de crianças (e de adultos) e permite ações até então - literalmente - inconcebíveis para eles. Entender a importância disto para o ensino da história significa abandonar hábitos de pensar com base em um presente instantâneo, em que uma forma de apartheid temporal separa o passado do presente e do futuro. Significa, também, desencaixotar as formas em que a história pode transformar como vemos o mundo. Tais transformações podem ser dramáticas em longas extensões ou mais localizadas e específicas. Elas podem mudar a forma como vemos oportunidades e constrangimentos políticos ou sociais, a nossa própria identidade ou dos outros, a nossa percepção das feridas e fardos que herdamos e a adequação das explicações das principais características do nosso mundo. Elas podem sugerir revisões constrangedoras do nosso entendimento e expectativas de como o mundo humano funciona. E elas podem nos ajudar a conhecer melhor o que não dizer. Literacia histórica envolve tratar o passado como uma ecologia temporal interconectada capaz de suportar uma gama indefinida de histórias, não apenas algo que usamos para contar a história que melhor se adapte aos nossos objetivos e desejos imediatos. Como outras formas públicas de conhecimento, a história é uma tradição metacognitiva que as pessoas têm lutado longa e duramente para desenvolver e ser capaz de praticar. É uma conquista frágil, a ser tratada com respeito e cuidado nas escolas

Nurses' perceptions of aids and obstacles to the provision of optimal end of life care in ICU

Contains fulltext : 172380.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Novel liquid and broadband circularly-polarized antennas for wearable biomonitoring applications

The explosive growth of the biosensors and health-related wearable monitoring devices has accentuated the need for miniaturized, high-efficiency conformal bio-modules that can operate over a wide range of frequencies, while they can be integrated in wearable and lightweight configurations. One of the major issue for the implementation of Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) is the very limited range of commonly used metal antennas. Due to the high dielectric constant between the metal antenna material (as well as the metal-based circuitry) and the mostly "ionized-water" human body parts, the near-field gets significantly disturbed, while local reflections due to the dielectric mismatch further shorten the operation range. Even wearable bracelet-like sensing devices have a very low range due to this reason. Thus, there are two major aspects that are going to be addressed in this Thesis: enhanced-range wearable antennas for wireless biosensors and compact "rugged-polarization" wireless sensor readers.M.S.Committee Chair: Tentzeris, Manos M.; Committee Member: DeJean, Gerald; Committee Member: Laskar, Jo

School history and perspectives on the past : a study of students of African-Caribbean descent and their mothers

EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

What happens between 4-5am?

Masters by ResearchMy research involved the use of sound and the visual image, to show the development of time through a multi-screen installation that allowed the sixty minutes to unfold from a fixed camera position. The work looked at the use of multi-screen projections and what they can lend to an installation and how the audience understands them. This work also explores the idea of whether it is important to construct a narrative in an audio/visual installation for an audience or whether they would understand the concept without any manipulation. The concept of the piece is about what occurs between the hours of 4-5am. To help demonstrate my findings I decided to produce a series of films that all lasted for sixty minutes each. The films were unedited, fixed camera shots that observe the action to capture reality and never attempt to follow and construct one. I felt Andre Bazin’s technique of ‘pure cinema’ with long shots was the most appropriate way of achieving this. I believed the best way to illustrate this would be to build up the screens from a one screen painterly shot through to multi-screens progressing from a triptych to five, seven and finally a nine screen film which was full of images. The idea is to expose various spaces, their differences during the time period and suggest how all are occurring concurrently during this one solitary hour. In conclusion, it’s becomes obvious that a viewer of an installation can construct their own narrative. The viewer has the ability to construct their own structured narrative with a start, middle and end depending on when they entered the installation. The installation is important because it allowed the viewer to become immersed in the subject and interact with the films and not just become a passive observer. The use of natural sound added to the atmosphere created through the fixed camera films. The fixed camera filming allowed for observation of the time period capturing what was in front of the lens and never following the action, the use of multi-screens meant more information could be disseminated to the viewer without the need for film editing and manipulation. The multi-screen images allowed the viewer to generate their own perceptions of the time period. They also allowed the viewer to make links between the different locations, seasons and time zones

Intégration d'un géoradar ultra-portable en technologie à impression d'encre sur substrat souple

Un géoradar (GPR) effectue une détection non destructive d'objets enfouis, ou l'imagerie du sous-sol par transmission d'ondes électromagnétiques et la détection et l'analyse des réflexions. Le principal défi de GPR est la réduction de la portée de détection en raison de l'atténuation du signal grave causée par la conductivité du sous-sol qui devient plus sévère dans les hautes fréquences. Afin d'augmenter la portée de détection, GPR utilise des fréquences plus basses que les radars non-GPR et nécessite donc de plus grandes antennes qui peuvent limiter la portabilité du système. La plupart des systèmes utilisent des radars GPR à impulsion mais le FMCW (onde continue à fréquence modulée) radar peut présenter certains avantages tels que la versatilité de la fréquence, une maintenance réduite du système et une meilleure résolution de gamme. Les fréquences inférieures à 1 GHz ont d'abord été rares en radars de courte portée FMCW mais trouvent maintenant leur chemin de retour dans des systèmes comme ultra-large bande (UWB) pénétrant dans le sol des radars pour la détection des mines et ainsi que d'autres applications. Lorsque les mesures sont effectuées sur des véhicules, de grands appareils d'antenne ne sont pas un problème. La portabilité, cependant, peut devenir un problème dans les études géophysiques ou des travaux d'urgence dans laquelle on peut avoir besoin de transporter le système par des endroits accidentés, inexplorés et / ou dangereux sans accès aux véhicules. Des environnements inaccessibles peuvent nécessiter la manœuvrabilité à travers d’obstacles (montagnes, grottes, lacs, zones rocheuses). D’ailleurs, l’installation rapide du système est critique dans des conditions difficiles telles que les températures extrêmes, où le temps d'exposition est coûteux et le temps de mesure limité. Une solution pour améliorer la portabilité et la capacité de déploiement d'un système GPR est de réaliser un système complet sur un substrat qui est enroulable afin de permettre une transportation facile. L’électronique sur substrat flexible a déjà été utilisée dans des applications militaires et des sports en plein air. Actuellement, il y a quelques technologies disponibles pour réaliser l'électronique flexible qui ont été un thème majeur en recherche, chacune avec différents niveaux d'intégration. La technologie d'impression à jet d'encre offre une méthode efficace, polyvalente et rentable pour la réalisation de dispositifs flexibles. Dans ce travail, un système radar FMCW classique a été conçu et un travail présenté, pour la première fois, d’application de la technologie d'impression à jet d'encre sur un système de radar. Le système est appelé un système de radar monolithique portable dans lequel tous les agents actifs, passifs et l'antenne sont destinés à partager le même substrat enroulable continu. Ainsi, une intégration hybride est utilisée pour étudier la fiabilité et la performance du système complet enroulé autour d’un rayon serré. Plusieurs défis de conception d'un grand système ont été surmontés qui donneront un aperçu de nouveaux modèles au fur et à mesure que le niveau d'intégration à l'aide de la technologie d'impression à jet d'encre continue d’augmenter.Flexible monolithic ultra-portable ground penetrating radar using inkjet printing technology A Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) performs nondestructive detection of buried objects, or subsurface imaging by transmitting electromagnetic waves and detecting and analyzing the reflections. The main challenge of GPR is the reduction in detection range due to the severe signal attenuation that is caused by subsurface conductivity that becomes more severe at high frequencies. In order to increase the detection range, GPR uses lower frequencies than non-GPR radars and thus requires larger antennas that may limit system portability. Most GPR systems use impulse radars however the FMCW (frequency modulated continuous wave) radar can provide some advantages such as frequency versatility, reduced system maintenance and improved range resolution. Frequencies below 1 GHz were initially uncommon in short-range FMCW radars but are now finding their way back in systems such as ultra-wideband (UWB) ground penetrating radars for mine detection and as well as other applications. When measurements are performed on vehicles, large antenna fixtures are not a problem. Portability, however, can become an issue in geophysical studies or emergency work in which one may need to transport the system through rugged, unexplored and/or hazardous locations without vehicle access and perform measurements. Inaccessible environments may require climbing up and down, squeezing through, jumping over, crawling under, maneuvering through or swimming through obstacles (mountains, caves, lakes, rocky areas). In addition to transportation, rapid system setup is critical in difficult conditions such as freezing temperatures or extreme heat where exposure time is costly and limits measurement time. One solution to enhance the portability and deployability of a GPR system for wide area rugged measurements is to realize a complete system on a continuous substrate that is rollable around a reasonably small radius and storable in a scroll or poster-like fashion for easy backpack transportation. Electronics that can flex and bend have already used in military applications and for outdoor sporting gear. Currently, there are a few types of technology available to realize flexible electronics that have been a major topic of research, each with different levels of integration. Inkjet printing technology offers a cost effective, versatile and efficient method for realizing flexible devices. In this work a classical FMCW radar system is designed and an effort is made, for the first time, to apply inkjet printing technology to a radar system. The system is referred to as a portable monolithic radar system in which all actives, passives and antenna are meant to share the same continuous rollable substrate. In doing this, a medium level of integration is used to investigate limits of system complexity, resolution and ultra miniaturization for tight rollability. Various design challenges of a large system are overcome that will hopefully give insight to new designs as the integration level using inkjet printing technology increases