Gobernabilidad en las áreas protegidas y participación ciudadana

El V Congreso Mundial de Parques, organizado por la UICN en 2003, significa el inicio de una nueva etapa en las estrategias de conservación de la naturaleza y plantea la necesidad de aplicar un enfoque innovador para gestionar las áreas protegidas. En el artículo, se aportan una serie de reflexiones ordenadas sobre algunas de las causas que obstaculizan la gobernabilidad de las mismas. La propuesta que se articula se enmarca en los planteamientos de S. O. Funtowicz y J. R. Ravetz sobre «La ciencia posnormal. Ciencia con la gente» y persigue contribuir a la gestión de los espacios naturales protegidos y su evaluación de manera eficaz. Sobre todo, cuando nuestro interés se centra en aquellos aspectos relacionados con la participación de las comunidades locales.The 5th World Parks Conference organized by the IUCN in 2003 means the beginning of a new era for nature conservation strategies and brings out the need to establish an innovative approach to manage the protected areas. This paper contributes a series of ordered reflections on some of the causes that hinder the management of such areas. This proposal is part of the approaches presented by S. O. Funtowicz and J.R. Ravetz on «Post-normal science. Science and people» and aims to contribute to the management and assessment of the protected areas in a useful way. Especially, taking into account that our interests are focussed on those aspects connected with the involvement of local communities

Estudio sociológico de los espacios naturales protegidos: de la conservación a la sostenibilidad

La Tesis se corresponde con un estudio de los Espacios Naturales Protegidos (ENP) desde una perspectiva sociológica. El marco teórico supone una aproximación crítica a las estrategias de conservación de la naturaleza. Se pretende poner en cuestión la utilidad de los ENP como herramientas eficaces para la conservación de la diversidad biológica y cultural, desde la consideración del actor social como custodio y garante de la conservación y no sólo como un mero "ocupante degradador" del medio biofísico, a partir del concepto de interacciones medioambientales como constructo teórico que asume la transición desde ecosistemas naturales a sistemas transformados antropológicamente. Se aborda el análisis de las Estrategias de Conservación de la Naturaleza en los ENP y su aplicación a la Red de ENP de Andalucía, (RENPA), con un planteamiento metodológico que diferencia una fase descriptiva y otra cualitativa o estructural, entendiendo que en modo alguno la protección que la conservación de la naturaleza implica puede ser sinónimo de abandono procutivo, siendo la capacidad de producción la esencia de los ENP. La investigación aplicada toma al PARQUE NATURAL SIERRA DE BAZA como unidad político-territorial concreta para su análisis empírico, dada la necesidad de localización y diferenciación de un ENP concreto. La principal contribución del trabajo señala la necesidad de considerar la forma concreta de la estructura y organización social de las comunidades locales como variable para gestionar la Preservación de la Naturaleza en los ENP. Comprobando, que la satisfacción con un parque natural devendrá como resultado de las relaciones entre los siguientes factores: la concepción que se tenga del medio ambiente en general (tema vital de futuro no urgente convertido en un tema de moda); el sentido que se de a la conservación de la naturaleza (distinguiendo entre una posición estática - conservación de estructura - y otra dinámica - conservación de procesos y especies-); y la perspectiva que se adopte de calidad de vida (en sentido general amplio, de valores no materialistas, o de satisfacción de necesidades básicas). Las diversas combinaciones de estos factores permiten construir una taxonomía de Tipos Ideales de Modelos de Parques Naturales en función de las diversas concepciones de Parque Natural que se identifiquen: A,- Concepciones de PN: idílico; accesible y conocido; disfrutado para ocio y educación ambiental; sostenible. B,- Modelos de PN: abierto y respetado; portador de recursos; consensuado.Tesis Univ. de Granada. Departamento de Sociología. Leída en 200

Peri-Urban Organic Agriculture and Short Food Supply Chains as Drivers for Strengthening City/Region Food Systems-Two Case Studies in Andalucia, Spain

Discussions on food security in the Global North have raised questions about the capacity of peri-urban organic agriculture to provide sufficient healthy food for the urban market. Dealing with food security requires more attention to how to protect peri-urban organic farming systems from urban pressures while strengthening the sustainability of local food systems. Given that short food supply chains (SFSCs) have been proven to be effective at reconnecting people with food production, this study focuses on identifying the barriers that hinder their development and the opportunities derived from the comparative advantage provided by their urban proximity. This study is based on documentary and empirical research addressing food supply chain characteristics in the organic sector. This study is focused on Mediterranean peri-urban agriculture, where, historically, there have been close relationships between the city and the countryside. These relationships are based on the fact that many cities are traditionally located next to areas of high agricultural activity, where a wide variety of vegetables is produced almost continuously due to the relatively mild winter climate. This study deals with two medium-sized metropolitan areas in Andalucía in the south of the Iberian Peninsula—the coastal city of Málaga, which is of a tourist-residential nature, and the inland urban agglomeration of Granada. Our research shows, when compared with other studies, that the local organic food sector seems to have great potential to find innovative solutions based on a collective approach, local embeddedness, and collective knowledge and by prioritizing horizontal and sustainable processes at the local/regional scale.Spanish project SAMUTEREuropean Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD)Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, Foodstu ffs and the Environmen

¿Se puede hablar de sostenibilidad y de conservación de la naturaleza en el medio rural Andaluz?

MEDIO RURAL Y SOSTENIBILIDAD IV CONGRESO ANDALUZ DE DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE VIII CONGRESO ANDALUZ DE CIENCIAS AMBIENTALE

Impaired Cytotoxic Response in PBMCs From Patients With COVID-19 Admitted to the ICU: Biomarkers to Predict Disease Severity

Infection by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 causes different presentations of COVID-19 and some patients may progress to a critical, fatal form of the disease that requires their admission to ICU and invasive mechanical ventilation. In order to predict in advance which patients could be more susceptible to develop a critical form of COVID-19, it is essential to define the most adequate biomarkers. In this study, we analyzed several parameters related to the cellular immune response in blood samples from 109 patients with different presentations of COVID-19 who were recruited in Hospitals and Primary Healthcare Centers in Madrid, Spain, during the first pandemic peak between April and June 2020. Hospitalized patients with the most severe forms of COVID-19 showed a potent inflammatory response that was not translated into an efficient immune response. Despite the high levels of effector cytotoxic cell populations such as NK, NKT and CD8+ T cells, they displayed immune exhaustion markers and poor cytotoxic functionality against target cells infected with pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 or cells lacking MHC class I molecules. Moreover, patients with critical COVID-19 showed low levels of the highly cytotoxic TCRγδ+ CD8+ T cell subpopulation. Conversely, CD4 count was greatly reduced in association to high levels of Tregs, low plasma IL-2 and impaired Th1 differentiation. The relative importance of these immunological parameters to predict COVID-19 severity was analyzed by Random Forest algorithm and we concluded that the most important features were related to an efficient cytotoxic response. Therefore, efforts to fight against SARS-CoV-2 infection should be focused not only to decrease the disproportionate inflammatory response, but also to elicit an efficient cytotoxic response against the infected cells and to reduce viral replication.This work was supported by the Coordinated Research Activities at the Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III) (COV20_00679) to promote an integrated response against SARS-CoV-2 in Spain (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation) that is coordinated by Dr. Inmaculada Casas (WHO National Influenza Center of the CNM); a generous donation provided by Chiesi España, S.A.U. (Barcelona, Spain); the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (PID2019-110275RB-I00); the Spanish AIDS Research Network RD16CIII/0002/0001 that is included in Acciόn Estratégica en Salud, Plan Nacional de Investigaciόn Científica, Desarrollo e Innovaciόn Tecnolόgica 2016-2020, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Region Development Fund (ERDF). The work of ML-H and SR-M is financed by NIH grant R01AI143567. The work of LH is supported by a pre-doctoral grant from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FIS PI16CIII/00034-ISCIII-FEDER).S

Seminario de Economía Mexicana

Serie de ponencias referentes al Seminario de Economía Mexicana. Memorias del Seminario de Economía Mexicana de 199

Mutational spectrum of GNAL, THAP1 and TOR1A genes in isolated dystonia: study in a population from Spain and systematic literature review

[Objective] We aimed to investigate the prevalence of TOR1A, GNAL and THAP1 variants as the cause of dystonia in a cohort of Spanish patients with isolated dystonia and in the literature.[Methods] A population of 2028 subjects (including 1053 patients with different subtypes of isolated dystonia and 975 healthy controls) from southern and central Spain was included. The genes TOR1A, THAP1 and GNAL were screened using a combination of high-resolution melting analysis and direct DNA resequencing. In addition, an extensive literature search to identify original articles (published before 10 August 2020) reporting mutations in TOR1A, THAP1 or GNAL associated to dystonia was performed.[Results] Pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in TOR1A, THAP1 and GNAL were identified in 0.48%, 0.57% and 0.29% of our patients, respectively. Five patients carried the variation p.Glu303del in TOR1A. A very rare variant in GNAL (p.Ser238Asn) was found as a putative risk factor for dystonia. In the literature, variations in TOR1A, THAP1 and GNAL accounted for about 6%, 1.8% and 1.1% of published dystonia patients, respectively.[Conclusions] There is a different genetic contribution to dystonia of these three genes in our patients (about 1.3% of patients) and in the literature (about 3.6% of patients), probably due the high proportion of adult-onset cases in our cohort. As regards age at onset, site of dystonia onset, and final distribution, in our population there is a clear differentiation between DYT-TOR1A and DYT-GNAL, with DYT-THAP1 likely to be an intermediate phenotype.This work was supported by the Carlos III Health Institute-European Regional Development Fund (ISCIII-FEDER) [PI14/01823, PI16/01575, PI18/01898, PI19/01576], the Andalusian Regional Ministry of Economics, Innovation, Science and Employment [CVI-02526, CTS-7685], the Andalusian Regional Ministry of Health and Welfare [PI-0741-2010, PI-0471-2013, PE-0210-2018, PI-0459-2018, PE-0186-2019], and the Alicia Koplowitz and Mutua Madrileña Foundations. Pilar Gómez-Garre was supported by the "Miguel Servet" program [MSII14/00018] (from ISCIII-FEDER) and “Nicolás Monardes” program [C-0048-2017] (from the Andalusian Regional Ministry of Health). Silvia Jesús was supported by the "Juan Rodés" program [B-0007-2019] and Daniel Macías-García by the “Río Hortega” program [CM18/00142] (both from ISCIII-FEDER). María Teresa Periñán was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education [FPU16/05061]. Cristina Tejera was supported by VPPI-US from the University of Seville.Peer reviewe

Primer curso de Bioderecho y los Comités de Ética en Investigación “Cuestiones fundamentales desde el Derecho, la Ética y la Ciencia"

Contenido resumen del primer curso de Bioderecho y los Comités de Ética en Investigación “Cuestiones fundamentales desde el Derecho, la Ética y la Ciencia”. Organizado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación del Centro Universitario de la Costa. Celebradas el 23 y 24 de octubre de 2014 en Puerto Vallarta, México

Tarteso. Nuevas Fronteras (I)

El presente volumen recoge las contribuciones presentadas al II Congreso Internacional sobre Tarteso, Nuevas Fronteras, que tuvo lugar en Mérida entre los días 17 y 19 de noviembre de 2021. Su lectura permite un viaje desde el extremo oriental del Mediterráneo hasta el suroeste de la península ibérica, mostrando las diversas realidades históricas acontecidas en este territorio durante la I Edad del Hierro. El objetivo de esta publicación es mostrar la situación que atravesaba el Mediterráneo durante los años de surgimiento y desarrollo de la cultura tartésica para así comprender mejor la formación y evolución de dicha cultura. El conocimiento de Tarteso ha evolucionado sensiblemente en la última década, desde la celebración y publicación de las actas del I Congreso Internacional, Tarteso. El emporio del metal (Almuzara, 2013). La incorporación de nuevas voces y visiones enfocadas al conocimiento de la protohistoria peninsular, así como de algunos temas nunca antes abordados en el conocimiento de Tarteso, permiten presentar en este volumen una visión renovada, donde destaca la incorporación de unos nuevos límites territoriales para esta cultura.Esta publicación se ha beneficiado de las siguientes ayudas para su financiación: Proyecto de Investigación del Plan Nacional I+D+i: “Construyendo Tarteso 2.0: análisis constructivo, espacial y territorial de un modelo arquitectónico en el valle medio del Guadiana” (PID2019-108180GB- I00), financiado por MCIN AEI/10.13039/501100011033). Subvención global de la Secretaría General de Ciencia, Tecnología, Innovación y Universidad de la Junta de Extremadura al Instituto de Arqueología.Peer reviewe

Effectiveness of an intervention for improving drug prescription in primary care patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy:Study protocol of a cluster randomized clinical trial (Multi-PAP project)

This study was funded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias ISCIII (Grant Numbers PI15/00276, PI15/00572, PI15/00996), REDISSEC (Project Numbers RD12/0001/0012, RD16/0001/0005), and the European Regional Development Fund ("A way to build Europe").Background: Multimorbidity is associated with negative effects both on people's health and on healthcare systems. A key problem linked to multimorbidity is polypharmacy, which in turn is associated with increased risk of partly preventable adverse effects, including mortality. The Ariadne principles describe a model of care based on a thorough assessment of diseases, treatments (and potential interactions), clinical status, context and preferences of patients with multimorbidity, with the aim of prioritizing and sharing realistic treatment goals that guide an individualized management. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a complex intervention that implements the Ariadne principles in a population of young-old patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. The intervention seeks to improve the appropriateness of prescribing in primary care (PC), as measured by the medication appropriateness index (MAI) score at 6 and 12months, as compared with usual care. Methods/Design: Design:pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial. Unit of randomization: family physician (FP). Unit of analysis: patient. Scope: PC health centres in three autonomous communities: Aragon, Madrid, and Andalusia (Spain). Population: patients aged 65-74years with multimorbidity (≥3 chronic diseases) and polypharmacy (≥5 drugs prescribed in ≥3months). Sample size: n=400 (200 per study arm). Intervention: complex intervention based on the implementation of the Ariadne principles with two components: (1) FP training and (2) FP-patient interview. Outcomes: MAI score, health services use, quality of life (Euroqol 5D-5L), pharmacotherapy and adherence to treatment (Morisky-Green, Haynes-Sackett), and clinical and socio-demographic variables. Statistical analysis: primary outcome is the difference in MAI score between T0 and T1 and corresponding 95% confidence interval. Adjustment for confounding factors will be performed by multilevel analysis. All analyses will be carried out in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: It is essential to provide evidence concerning interventions on PC patients with polypharmacy and multimorbidity, conducted in the context of routine clinical practice, and involving young-old patients with significant potential for preventing negative health outcomes. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02866799Publisher PDFPeer reviewe