La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Municipios de Chaparral e Ibagué

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Municipios de Chaparral e Ibagué.El presente trabajo contiene información correspondiente del diplomado de profundización acompañamiento psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. En primera instancia se observa el análisis del relato “1 Estefanía Gutiérrez”; teniendo en cuenta el abordaje psicosocial, en el cual se abarcan temas como la restauración de la identidad y la autonomía, que le brindan a la víctima la oportunidad de aumentar las cualidades como agente de cambio tanto en el ámbito individual como en el colectivo; también se busca reconocer a las personas como seres subjetivos para lograr proyectar un oportuno acompañamiento, se implementaron nueve preguntas referente al relato elegido, tres Estratégicas que inducen a dar una respuesta, tres circulares que permiten comprender la conexión con el entorno y tres reflexivas que ayudan al individuo a reflexionar sobre las fortalezas que tiene para reconstruir su proyecto de vida. En segundo lugar se observara el análisis del caso de las comunidades de Cacarica en donde se establece una serie de estrategias de acompañamiento psicosocial, para ello se parte desde la argumentación de determinados ítems, con base a las lecturas sugeridas de la unidad 4, 5 y 9; en la cual se reconocen diversas acciones de apoyo para la realizar una intervención, tales como la terapia de crisis e Intervención Debriefing, así mismo como las estrategias psicosociales que se pueden implementar entre ellas la foto voz, las coaliciones comunitarias y la terapia narrativa. Finalmente se anexa el informe analítico y reflexivo, como producto de la experiencia obtenida a partir de la herramienta de foto voz, en el cual, se experimentó el uso de esta herramienta vinculada a las estructuras simbólicas, la imagen como acción política, los recursos de afrontamiento, la memoria y subjetividad. Palabras Claves: Enfoques Narrativos, Intervención, Estrategias, VíctimasThe present work contains corresponding information of the diploma of deepening psychosocial accompaniment in scenarios of violence. In the first instance the analysis of the story "1 Estefania Gutiérrez" is observed; taking into account the psychosocial approach, which includes topics such as the restoration of identity and autonomy, which give the victim the opportunity to increase the qualities as an agent of change both individually and collectively; also seeks to recognize people as subjective beings to achieve a timely accompaniment, were implemented nine questions concerning the chosen story, three Strategies that lead to give an answer, three circular that allow to understand the connection with the environment and three reflective that help the individual to reflect on the strengths he has to rebuild his life project. Secondly, the analysis of the case of the communities of Cacarica, where a series of psychosocial accompaniment strategies is established, is based on the argumentation of certain items, based on the suggested readings of unit 4, 5 and 9; in which various actions of support for intervention are recognized, such as crisis therapy and Intervention Debriefing, as well as the psychosocial strategies that can be implemented, among them, photo voice, community coalitions and narrative therapy. Finally, the analytical and reflective report is annexed, as a product of the experience gained from the photo voice tool, in which the use of this tool linked to symbolic structures, image as political action, resources of coping, memory and subjectivity. Keywords: Narrative Approaches, Intervention, Strategies, Victim

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia, en los municipios de Fusagasugá, Pasca, San Vicente del Caguán y Santa Marta

El proyecto de análisis de la imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia, tiene como fin demostrar los impactos psicosociales del conflicto armado en el territorio colombiano, siendo que quienes se enfrentan a episodios traumáticos requieren de una especial atención y orientación no solo para el restablecimiento de sus derechos, sino además para forjar su proyecto de vida, el cual se ve interrumpido por situaciones circunstanciales que no le permiten desarrollarse plenamente y vivir en dignidad. A lo anterior, se genera el análisis del caso Modesto Pacaya, desde el cual se plantean una serie de preguntas circulares, reflexivas y estratégicas, con el objetivo de que el sujeto sea capaz desde sus recursos de afrontar y superar el estado de vulneración, para consiguientemente, analizar el caso de Peñas Coloradas, una comunidad campesina que se vio obligada a abandonar su territorio a causa de la mala práctica del estado y las fuerzas militares, dando respuesta a los emergentes psicosociales propios del proceso de la expropiación de tierras, así como estrategias integrales para la mejora de estos escenarios. Para finalmente, encontrar un informe reflexivo acerca del ejercicio foto voz, consolidado en los municipios de Fusagasugá, Pasca, San Vicente del Caguan, y la ciudad de Santa Marta, así como una página Wix, que da cuenta de una exposición de los resultados obtenidos, en miras a identificar tanto aspectos negativos como positivos de las comunidades, para solventar y mitigar desde la praxis psicológica los impactos del conflicto armado.The image and narrative analysis project as tools for psychosocial approach in scenarios of violence, aims to demonstrate the psychosocial impacts of the armed conflict in Colombia, whereas those facing traumatic events require special attention and guidance not only for the restoration of their rights, but also for shaping their life project, which is interrupted by circumstantial situations that do not allow it to develop fully and live in dignity. To the foregoing, the analysis of the Modesto Pacaya case is generated, from which a series of circular, thoughtful and strategic questions are posed, with the aim of making the subject capable from his resources of confronting and overcoming the state of violation, in order to consequently, to analyze the case of Peñas Coloradas, a peasant community that was forced to leave its territory due to the bad practice of the state and the military, responding to the emerging psychosocial processes of land expropriation, as well as comprehensive strategies for improving these scenarios. To finally find a reflective report about the exercise photo voice, consolidated in the municipalities of Fusagasuga, Pasca, San Vicente del Caguan, and the city of Santa Marta, as well as a Wix page, which gives an account of the results obtained, with a view to identifying both negative and positive aspects of the communities, to solve and mitigate the impacts of the armed conflict from the psychological praxis

Farmacovigilancia y la relación con el regente de farmacia

Este documento recopila, documenta y resume de una manera muy concreta, la información relacionada con la Farmacovigilancia (FV), en el marco del diplomado de profundización de dicho tema. A lo largo del curso se abordaron diferentes aspectos de la FV como sus generalidades, los métodos y programas de vigilancia, las reacciones adversas, su clasificación y los tipos de reacciones adversas a medicamentos (RAM), las interacciones entre medicamentos, el quehacer del regente de farmacia, la promoción del uso racional de medicamentos, la efectividad de los mismos y las enfermedades de mayor prevalencia e incidencia en la sociedad.This document compiles, documents and summarizes in a very concrete way, the information related to Pharmacovigilance (VF), around the course. Throughout the course, different aspects of VF were addressed, such as its generalities, surveillance methods and programs, adverse reactions, their classification and the types of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), drug interactions, the regent's work of pharmacy, the promotion of the rational use of medicines, their effectiveness and the diseases with the highest prevalence and incidence in society

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

XVI International Congress of Control Electronics and Telecommunications: "Techno-scientific considerations for a post-pandemic world intensive in knowledge, innovation and sustainable local development"

Este título, sugestivo por los impactos durante la situación de la Covid 19 en el mundo, y que en Colombia lastimosamente han sido muy críticos, permiten asumir la obligada superación de tensiones sociales, políticas, y económicas; pero sobre todo científicas y tecnológicas. Inicialmente, esto supone la existencia de una capacidad de la sociedad colombiana por recuperar su estado inicial después de que haya cesado la perturbación a la que fue sometida por la catastrófica pandemia, y superar ese anterior estado de cosas ya que se encontraban -y aún se encuentran- muchos problemas locales mal resueltos, medianamente resueltos, y muchos sin resolver: es decir, habrá que rediseñar y fortalecer una probada resiliencia social existente - producto del prolongado conflicto social colombiano superado parcialmente por un proceso de paz exitoso - desde la tecnociencia local; como lo indicaba Markus Brunnermeier - economista alemán y catedrático de economía de la Universidad de Princeton- en su libro The Resilient Society…La cuestión no es preveerlo todo sino poder reaccionar…aprender a recuperarse rápido.This title, suggestive of the impacts during the Covid 19 situation in the world, and which have unfortunately been very critical in Colombia, allows us to assume the obligatory overcoming of social, political, and economic tensions; but above all scientific and technological. Initially, this supposes the existence of a capacity of Colombian society to recover its initial state after the disturbance to which it was subjected by the catastrophic pandemic has ceased, and to overcome that previous state of affairs since it was found -and still is find - many local problems poorly resolved, moderately resolved, and many unresolved: that is, an existing social resilience test will have to be redesigned and strengthened - product of the prolonged Colombian social conflict partially overcome by a successful peace process - from local technoscience; As Markus Brunnermeier - German economist and professor of economics at Princeton University - indicates in his book The Resilient Society...The question is not to foresee everything but to be able to react...learn to recover quickly.Bogot

Global variations in diabetes mellitus based on fasting glucose and haemogloblin A1c

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose diabetes, but may identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117 population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected as having diabetes in survey screening had elevated FPG, HbA1c, or both. We developed prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa. The age-standardised proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed, and detected in survey screening, ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66% in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the agestandardised proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29-39% across regions; the remainder had discordant elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and middle-income regions, isolated elevated HbA1c more common than isolated elevated FPG. In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate finite resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global gap in diabetes diagnosis and surveillance.peer-reviewe

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Relaciones entre el fenomeno de Violencia escolar y la implementación de la legislación de connivencia en la Institución Educativa Jorge Eliecer Gaitán del Municipio de Guachene Cauca

El siguiente trabajo de investigación es un análisis de la relación que existe entre la implementación de la legislación de convivencia expresada en el manual de convivencia y el fenómeno de la violencia escolar que se presenta en la Institución Educativa Jorge Eliecer Gaitán del Municipio de Guachené Cauca. La investigación establece las relaciones entre el fenómeno de violencia escolar y la implementación de la legislación de convivencia en la Institución educativa, este inicia con identificar las formas institucionales adoptadas para atender la violencia escolar en la institución; caracterizar el fenómeno de la violencia escolar y hallar las relaciones entre la implementación de la legislación y la violencia escolar en la Institución educativa. Para ello se realiza un cuestionario a los estudiantes de grado 6 a 11 las cuales fueron ingresadas en el programa SPSS, entrevistas semi estructurada a docentes y padres de familia. Además se realiza la observación participante, y la revisión documental. A manera de conclusión se puede decir que la violencia escolar se visualiza dentro de la institución educativa ya que una de las falencias, es que el manual de convivencia no es socializado dentro de los miembros de la institución educativa y este no está actualizado con la ley 1620 del 2013, son muchos los estudiantes que no conocen de dicha ley, por ello se siguen presentando faltas y conflictos. No hay un equipo psicosocial que trabaje acerca de las faltas todo este se regula a una sanción dada por el coordinador de convivencia