Substituição parcial do farelo de soja pela farinha de carne e ossos em dietas para juvenis de tilápia‑do‑nilo

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of the partial replacement of soybean meal by meat and bone meal in diets for juvenile Nile tilapia on digestibility, health, performance, and feeding cost. The experiment was carried out for 14 weeks, with 400 juveniles (4.9±0.6 g) distributed randomly into 16 tanks. The fish were fed with four diets containing 0, 15, 30, and 45% replacement of protein from soybean meal by protein from meat and bone meal. Performance parameters, digestibility, hematology, and feeding cost were evaluated. The best results for weight gain and apparent feed conversion were observed with 40 and 32% replacement, respectively. The lowest feeding cost was obtained with 30 and 45%. There was a linear decrease in the apparent digestibility coefficients of protein with increasing levels of meat and bone meal. Fish fed diets containing up to 24% replacement show increase of hemoglobin concentration. The diet with 32% replacement of protein from soybean meal by protein from meat and bone meal promotes better feeding conversion for Nile tilapia.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da substituição parcial do farelo de soja pela farinha de carne e ossos em dietas para juvenis de tilápia‑do‑nilo na digestibilidade, na saúde, no desempenho e no custo de arraçoamento. O experimento foi conduzido durante 14 semanas, com 400 juvenis (4,9±0,6 g) distribuídos ao acaso em 16 tanques. Os peixes foram alimentados com quatro dietas contendo 0, 15, 30 e 45% de substituição da proteína do farelo de soja pela proteína da farinha de carne e ossos. Foram avaliados parâmetros de desempenho, digestibilidade, hematologia e custo de arraçoamento. Os melhores resultados para ganho em peso e conversão alimentar aparente foram observados com 40 e 32% de substituição, respectivamente. O menor custo de arraçoamento foi obtido com 30 e 45%. Houve efeito linear decrescente dos coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da proteína com o aumento nos níveis de farinha de carne e ossos. Os peixes alimentados com dietas contendo até 24% de substituição apresentam aumento da concentração de hemoglobina. A dieta com 32% de substituição da proteína do farelo de soja pela proteína da farinha de carne e ossos promove melhor conversão alimentar para tilápia‑do‑nilo

Taking the pulse of Earth's tropical forests using networks of highly distributed plots

Tropical forests are the most diverse and productive ecosystems on Earth. While better understanding of these forests is critical for our collective future, until quite recently efforts to measure and monitor them have been largely disconnected. Networking is essential to discover the answers to questions that transcend borders and the horizons of funding agencies. Here we show how a global community is responding to the challenges of tropical ecosystem research with diverse teams measuring forests tree-by-tree in thousands of long-term plots. We review the major scientific discoveries of this work and show how this process is changing tropical forest science. Our core approach involves linking long-term grassroots initiatives with standardized protocols and data management to generate robust scaled-up results. By connecting tropical researchers and elevating their status, our Social Research Network model recognises the key role of the data originator in scientific discovery. Conceived in 1999 with RAINFOR (South America), our permanent plot networks have been adapted to Africa (AfriTRON) and Southeast Asia (T-FORCES) and widely emulated worldwide. Now these multiple initiatives are integrated via ForestPlots.net cyber-infrastructure, linking colleagues from 54 countries across 24 plot networks. Collectively these are transforming understanding of tropical forests and their biospheric role. Together we have discovered how, where and why forest carbon and biodiversity are responding to climate change, and how they feedback on it. This long-term pan-tropical collaboration has revealed a large long-term carbon sink and its trends, as well as making clear which drivers are most important, which forest processes are affected, where they are changing, what the lags are, and the likely future responses of tropical forests as the climate continues to change. By leveraging a remarkably old technology, plot networks are sparking a very modern revolution in tropical forest science. In the future, humanity can benefit greatly by nurturing the grassroots communities now collectively capable of generating unique, long-term understanding of Earth's most precious forests.Additional co-authors: Susan Laurance, William Laurance, Francoise Yoko Ishida, Andrew Marshall, Catherine Waite, Hannsjoerg Woell, Jean-Francois Bastin, Marijn Bauters, Hans Beeckman, Pfascal Boeckx, Jan Bogaert, Charles De Canniere, Thales de Haulleville, Jean-Louis Doucet, Olivier Hardy, Wannes Hubau, Elizabeth Kearsley, Hans Verbeeck, Jason Vleminckx, Steven W. Brewer, Alfredo Alarcón, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Eric Arets, Luzmila Arroyo, Ezequiel Chavez, Todd Fredericksen, René Guillén Villaroel, Gloria Gutierrez Sibauty, Timothy Killeen, Juan Carlos Licona, John Lleigue, Casimiro Mendoza, Samaria Murakami, Alexander Parada Gutierrez, Guido Pardo, Marielos Peña-Claros, Lourens Poorter, Marisol Toledo, Jeanneth Villalobos Cayo, Laura Jessica Viscarra, Vincent Vos, Jorge Ahumada, Everton Almeida, Jarcilene Almeida, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Wesley Alves da Cruz, Atila Alves de Oliveira, Fabrício Alvim Carvalho, Flávio Amorim Obermuller, Ana Andrade, Fernanda Antunes Carvalho, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Ana Carla Aquino, Luiz Aragão, Ana Claudia Araújo, Marco Antonio Assis, Jose Ataliba Mantelli Aboin Gomes, Fabrício Baccaro, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, Paulo Barni, Jorcely Barroso, Luis Carlos Bernacci, Kauane Bordin, Marcelo Brilhante de Medeiros, Igor Broggio, José Luís Camargo, Domingos Cardoso, Maria Antonia Carniello, Andre Luis Casarin Rochelle, Carolina Castilho, Antonio Alberto Jorge Farias Castro, Wendeson Castro, Sabina Cerruto Ribeiro, Flávia Costa, Rodrigo Costa de Oliveira, Italo Coutinho, John Cunha, Lola da Costa, Lucia da Costa Ferreira, Richarlly da Costa Silva, Marta da Graça Zacarias Simbine, Vitor de Andrade Kamimura, Haroldo Cavalcante de Lima, Lia de Oliveira Melo, Luciano de Queiroz, José Romualdo de Sousa Lima, Mário do Espírito Santo, Tomas Domingues, Nayane Cristina dos Santos Prestes, Steffan Eduardo Silva Carneiro, Fernando Elias, Gabriel Eliseu, Thaise Emilio, Camila Laís Farrapo, Letícia Fernandes, Gustavo Ferreira, Joice Ferreira, Leandro Ferreira, Socorro Ferreira, Marcelo Fragomeni Simon, Maria Aparecida Freitas, Queila S. García, Angelo Gilberto Manzatto, Paulo Graça, Frederico Guilherme, Eduardo Hase, Niro Higuchi, Mariana Iguatemy, Reinaldo Imbrozio Barbosa, Margarita Jaramillo, Carlos Joly, Joice Klipel, Iêda Leão do Amaral, Carolina Levis, Antonio S. Lima, Maurício Lima Dan, Aline Lopes, Herison Madeiros, William E. Magnusson, Rubens Manoel dos Santos, Beatriz Marimon, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Roberta Marotti Martelletti Grillo, Luiz Martinelli, Simone Matias Reis, Salomão Medeiros, Milton Meira-Junior, Thiago Metzker, Paulo Morandi, Natanael Moreira do Nascimento, Magna Moura, Sandra Cristina Müller, Laszlo Nagy, Henrique Nascimento, Marcelo Nascimento, Adriano Nogueira Lima, Raimunda Oliveira de Araújo, Jhonathan Oliveira Silva, Marcelo Pansonato, Gabriel Pavan Sabino, Karla Maria Pedra de Abreu, Pablo José Francisco Pena Rodrigues, Maria Piedade, Domingos Rodrigues, José Roberto Rodrigues Pinto, Carlos Quesada, Eliana Ramos, Rafael Ramos, Priscyla Rodrigues, Thaiane Rodrigues de Sousa, Rafael Salomão, Flávia Santana, Marcos Scaranello, Rodrigo Scarton Bergamin, Juliana Schietti, Jochen Schöngart, Gustavo Schwartz, Natalino Silva, Marcos Silveira, Cristiana Simão Seixas, Marta Simbine, Ana Claudia Souza, Priscila Souza, Rodolfo Souza, Tereza Sposito, Edson Stefani Junior, Julio Daniel do Vale, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Dora Villela, Marcos Vital, Haron Xaud, Katia Zanini, Charles Eugene Zartman, Nur Khalish Hafizhah Ideris, Faizah binti Hj Metali, Kamariah Abu Salim, Muhd Shahruney Saparudin, Rafizah Mat Serudin, Rahayu Sukmaria Sukri, Serge Begne, George Chuyong, Marie Noel Djuikouo, Christelle Gonmadje, Murielle Simo-Droissart, Bonaventure Sonké, Hermann Taedoumg, Lise Zemagho, Sean Thomas, Fidèle Baya, Gustavo Saiz, Javier Silva Espejo, Dexiang Chen, Alan Hamilton, Yide Li, Tushou Luo, Shukui Niu, Han Xu, Zhang Zhou, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, Juan Carlos Andrés Escobar, Henry Arellano-Peña, Jaime Cabezas Duarte, Jhon Calderón, Lina Maria Corrales Bravo, Borish Cuadrado, Hermes Cuadros, Alvaro Duque, Luisa Fernanda Duque, Sandra Milena Espinosa, Rebeca Franke-Ante, Hernando García, Alejandro Gómez, Roy González-M., Álvaro Idárraga-Piedrahíta, Eliana Jimenez, Rubén Jurado, Wilmar López Oviedo, René López-Camacho, Omar Aurelio Melo Cruz, Irina Mendoza Polo, Edwin Paky, Karen Pérez, Angel Pijachi, Camila Pizano, Adriana Prieto, Laura Ramos, Zorayda Restrepo Correa, James Richardson, Elkin Rodríguez, Gina M. Rodriguez M., Agustín Rudas, Pablo Stevenson, Markéta Chudomelová, Martin Dancak, Radim Hédl, Stanislav Lhota, Martin Svatek, Jacques Mukinzi, Corneille Ewango, Terese Hart, Emmanuel Kasongo Yakusu, Janvier Lisingo, Jean-Remy Makana, Faustin Mbayu, Benjamin Toirambe, John Tshibamba Mukendi, Lars Kvist, Gustav Nebel, Selene Báez, Carlos Céron, Daniel M. Griffith, Juan Ernesto Guevara Andino, David Neill, Walter Palacios, Maria Cristina Peñuela-Mora, Gonzalo Rivas-Torres, Gorky Villa, Sheleme Demissie, Tadesse Gole, Techane Gonfa, Kalle Ruokolainen, Michel Baisie, Fabrice Bénédet, Wemo Betian, Vincent Bezard, Damien Bonal, Jerôme Chave, Vincent Droissart, Sylvie Gourlet-Fleury, Annette Hladik, Nicolas Labrière, Pétrus Naisso, Maxime Réjou-Méchain, Plinio Sist, Lilian Blanc, Benoit Burban, Géraldine Derroire, Aurélie Dourdain, Clement Stahl, Natacha Nssi Bengone, Eric Chezeaux, Fidèle Evouna Ondo, Vincent Medjibe, Vianet Mihindou, Lee White, Heike Culmsee, Cristabel Durán Rangel, Viviana Horna, Florian Wittmann, Stephen Adu-Bredu, Kofi Affum-Baffoe, Ernest Foli, Michael Balinga, Anand Roopsind, James Singh, Raquel Thomas, Roderick Zagt, Indu K. Murthy, Kuswata Kartawinata, Edi Mirmanto, Hari Priyadi, Ismayadi Samsoedin, Terry Sunderland, Ishak Yassir, Francesco Rovero, Barbara Vinceti, Bruno Hérault, Shin-Ichiro Aiba, Kanehiro Kitayama, Armandu Daniels, Darlington Tuagben, John T. Woods, Muhammad Fitriadi, Alexander Karolus, Kho Lip Khoon, Noreen Majalap, Colin Maycock, Reuben Nilus, Sylvester Tan, Almeida Sitoe, Indiana Coronado G., Lucas Ojo, Rafael de Assis, Axel Dalberg Poulsen, Douglas Sheil, Karen Arévalo Pezo, Hans Buttgenbach Verde, Victor Chama Moscoso, Jimmy Cesar Cordova Oroche, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Massiel Corrales Medina, Nallaret Davila Cardozo, Jano de Rutte Corzo, Jhon del Aguila Pasquel, Gerardo Flores Llampazo, Luis Freitas, Darcy Galiano Cabrera, Roosevelt García Villacorta, Karina Garcia Cabrera, Diego García Soria, Leticia Gatica Saboya, Julio Miguel Grandez Rios, Gabriel Hidalgo Pizango, Eurídice Honorio Coronado, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Walter Huaraca Huasco, Yuri Tomas Huillca Aedo, Jose Luis Marcelo Peña, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Vanesa Moreano Rodriguez, Percy Núñez Vargas, Sonia Cesarina Palacios Ramos, Nadir Pallqui Camacho, Antonio Peña Cruz, Freddy Ramirez Arevalo, José Reyna Huaymacari, Carlos Reynel Rodriguez, Marcos Antonio Ríos Paredes, Lily Rodriguez Bayona, Rocio del Pilar Rojas Gonzales, Maria Elena Rojas Peña, Norma Salinas Revilla, Yahn Carlos Soto Shareva, Raul Tupayachi Trujillo, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Rodolfo Vasquez Martinez, Jim Vega Arenas, Christian Amani, Suspense Averti Ifo, Yannick Bocko, Patrick Boundja, Romeo Ekoungoulou, Mireille Hockemba, Donatien Nzala, Alusine Fofanah, David Taylor, Guillermo Bañares-de Dios, Luis Cayuela, Íñigo Granzow-de la Cerda, Manuel Macía, Juliana Stropp, Maureen Playfair, Verginia Wortel, Toby Gardner, Robert Muscarella, Hari Priyadi, Ervan Rutishauser, Kuo-Jung Chao, Pantaleo Munishi, Olaf Bánki, Frans Bongers, Rene Boot, Gabriella Fredriksson, Jan Reitsma, Hans ter Steege, Tinde van Andel, Peter van de Meer, Peter van der Hout, Mark van Nieuwstadt, Bert van Ulft, Elmar Veenendaal, Ronald Vernimmen, Pieter Zuidema, Joeri Zwerts, Perpetra Akite, Robert Bitariho, Colin Chapman, Eilu Gerald, Miguel Leal, Patrick Mucunguzi, Miguel Alexiades, Timothy R. Baker, Karina Banda, Lindsay Banin, Jos Barlow, Amy Bennett, Erika Berenguer, Nicholas Berry, Neil M. Bird, George A. Blackburn, Francis Brearley, Roel Brienen, David Burslem, Lidiany Carvalho, Percival Cho, Fernanda Coelho, Murray Collins, David Coomes, Aida Cuni-Sanchez, Greta Dargie, Kyle Dexter, Mat Disney, Freddie Draper, Muying Duan, Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, Robert Ewers, Belen Fadrique, Sophie Fauset, Ted R. Feldpausch, Filipe França, David Galbraith, Martin Gilpin, Emanuel Gloor, John Grace, Keith Hamer, David Harris, Tommaso Jucker, Michelle Kalamandeen, Bente Klitgaard, Aurora Levesley, Simon L. Lewis, Jeremy Lindsell, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Jon Lovett, Yadvinder Malhi, Toby Marthews, Emma McIntosh, Karina Melgaço, William Milliken, Edward Mitchard, Peter Moonlight, Sam Moore, Alexandra Morel, Julie Peacock, Kelvin Peh, Colin Pendry, R. Toby Pennington, Luciana de Oliveira Pereira, Carlos Peres, Oliver L. Phillips, Georgia Pickavance, Thomas Pugh, Lan Qie, Terhi Riutta, Katherine Roucoux, Casey Ryan, Tiina Sarkinen, Camila Silva Valeria, Dominick Spracklen, Suzanne Stas, Martin Sullivan, Michael Swaine, Joey Talbot, James Taplin, Geertje van der Heijden, Laura Vedovato, Simon Willcock, Mathew Williams, Luciana Alves, Patricia Alvarez Loayza, Gabriel Arellano, Cheryl Asa, Peter Ashton, Gregory Asner, Terry Brncic, Foster Brown, Robyn Burnham, Connie Clark, James Comiskey, Gabriel Damasco, Stuart Davies, Tony Di Fiore, Terry Erwin, William Farfan-Rios, Jefferson Hall, David Kenfack, Thomas Lovejoy, Roberta Martin, Olga Martha Montiel, John Pipoly, Nigel Pitman, John Poulsen, Richard Primack, Miles Silman, Marc Steininger, Varun Swamy, John Terborgh, Duncan Thomas, Peter Umunay, Maria Uriarte, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Ophelia Wang, Kenneth Young, Gerardo A. Aymard C., Lionel Hernández, Rafael Herrera Fernández, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Pedro Salcedo, Elio Sanoja, Julio Serrano, Armando Torres-Lezama, Tinh Cong Le, Trai Trong Le, Hieu Dang Tra

Níveis de aminoácidos digestíveis para juvenis de tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum e turnover isotópico do carbono - 13 e do nitrogênio - 15 no tecido muscular

Three experiments were conducted to determine the amino acid digestibility of the principal ration ingredients fed to juvenile tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), to estimate this species' requirements for digestible amino acids and with this information, to evaluate the effect of lysine and/or methionine supplementation in diets on the turnover of stable carbon-13 and nitrogen-15 isotopes in muscle tissue. In the first study, 390 tambaqui juveniles (70 ± 8.6 g) were used to evaluate the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of the amino acids (AA) of thirteen common feed ingredients. For energy feedstuffs, high digestibility values for all essential amino acids were observed for corn (94.60%) and wheat middling (91.93%) and lower values for broken rice (75.66%) and sorghum (72.84%). For protein feedstuffs, the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) for both essential amino acids (EAA) and non-essential amino acids (NEAA) were high (79.47 to 98.46%), with the exception of alchool yeast (68.44% for EAA and 76.68% for NEAA). For most of the foods studied, tryptophan was found to be the most limiting AA, with the lowest chemical scores (6.21 to 51.25). However, lysine was found to be the first limiting for wheat middling, corn gluten and soybean meal. Soybean meal was the most complete food as respects to the amino acid profile, with an index of digestible essential amino acids (IAAE) of 102.38%, unlike wheat gluten, which had the lowest IAAE at 48.03%. In the second test, dose response was carried out to determine the digestible lysine requirements for tambaqui. The nutritional requirements of other amino acids could be estimated from the lysine requirements, thereby designing an amino acid profile (called ideal protein) through the relationship between the best digestible dietary lysine and the amino acid profile of white tambaqui muscle. Fish with an average weight of 7.74 ± 1.01g were fed diets containing seven ...Três experimentos foram conduzidos para determinar a digestibilidade de aminoácidos dos principais alimentos utilizados na alimentação de juvenis de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), estimar a exigência em aminoácidos digestíveis para esta espécie e com estas informações avaliar o efeito da suplementação de lisina e/ou metionina em dietas práticas no turnover dos isótopos estáveis de carbono-13 e nitrogênio-15 em tecido muscular. No estudo 1, foram utilizados 390 juvenis de tambaqui (70 ± 8,6 g) para avaliar os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente (CDA) dos aminoácidos (AA) de trezes alimentos. Para os alimentos energéticos, altos valores de digestibilidade para todos os aminoácidos essenciais foram observados para o milho (94,60%) e o farelo de trigo (91,93%) e menores para a quirera de arroz (75,66%) e o sorgo (72,84%). Para os alimentos proteicos, em geral, os valores médios dos coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente (CDA) de aminoácidos essenciais (AAE) e aminoácidos não essenciais (AANE) foram elevados (de 79,47 a 98,46%), com exceção da levedura de álcool (68,44% para AAE e 76,68% para AANE). O triptofano foi o aminoácido que apresentou-se como o mais limitante para maioria dos alimentos estudados, com os menores escores químicos (de 6,21 a 51,25), exceto para o farelo de trigo, glúten de milho e farelo de soja em que a lisina foi o primeiro limitante. O maior índice de aminoácidos essenciais digestíveis (IAAE) foi apresentado pelo farelo de soja (102,38%), que foi o alimento mais completo em relação ao perfil de aminoácidos, ao contrário do glúten de trigo, que apresentou o menor IAAE (48,03%). Realizou-se o ensaio 2, de dose resposta, para determinar a exigência nutricional em lisina digestível para juvenis de tambaqui e desta forma estimar as exigências nutricionais dos outros aminoácidos. Os peixes com peso médio de 7,74 ± 1,01g foram alimentados com sete dietas contendo os ..

Effects of different sampling intervals on apparent protein and energy digestibility of common feed ingredients by juvenile oscar fish (Astronotus ocellatus) - doi: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v34i2.10541

This study evaluated the apparent protein and energy digestibility of common feed ingredients (soybean meal, fish meal, wheat meal and corn) by juvenile oscars using two different sampling intervals (30 min. and 12h). The 160 juvenile oscar fish tested (22.37 ± 3.06 g BW) were divided into four cylindrical plastic net cages, each one placed in a 1000 L feeding tank. The experiment was completely randomized in a 2 x 4 factorial design (2 feces collection intervals and 4 feed ingredients) with four replications. The statistical tests did not detect an interaction effect of sampling interval and type of ingredient on digestibility coefficients. Sampling interval did not affect protein and energy digestibility. The physical characteristics of juvenile oscar feces likely make them less susceptible to nutrient loss by leaching and can therefore be collected at longer intervals. Protein digestibility of the different ingredients was similar, showing that apparent digestibility of both animal and plant ingredients by juvenile oscars was efficient. Energy digestibility coefficients of fish meal and soybean meal were higher than those of wheat meal and corn. Carbohydrate-rich ingredients (wheat meal and corn) had the worst energy digestibility coefficients and are therefore not used efficiently by juvenile oscars

Substituição parcial do farelo de soja pela farinha de carne e ossos em dietas para juvenis de tilápia-do-nilo

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of the partial replacement of soybean meal by meat and bone meal in diets for juvenile Nile tilapia on digestibility, health, performance, and feeding cost. The experiment was carried out for 14 weeks, with 400 juveniles (4.9±0.6 g) distributed randomly into 16 tanks. The fish were fed with four diets containing 0, 15, 30, and 45% replacement of protein from soybean meal by protein from meat and bone meal. Performance parameters, digestibility, hematology, and feeding cost were evaluated. The best results for weight gain and apparent feed conversion were observed with 40 and 32% replacement, respectively. The lowest feeding cost was obtained with 30 and 45%. There was a linear decrease in the apparent digestibility coefficients of protein with increasing levels of meat and bone meal. Fish fed diets containing up to 24% replacement show increase of hemoglobin concentration. The diet with 32% replacement of protein from soybean meal by protein from meat and bone meal promotes better feeding conversion for Nile tilapia.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da substituição parcial do farelo de soja pela farinha de carne e ossos em dietas para juvenis de tilápia-do-nilo na digestibilidade, na saúde, no desempenho e no custo de arraçoamento. O experimento foi conduzido durante 14 semanas, com 400 juvenis (4,9±0,6 g) distribuídos ao acaso em 16 tanques. Os peixes foram alimentados com quatro dietas contendo 0, 15, 30 e 45% de substituição da proteína do farelo de soja pela proteína da farinha de carne e ossos. Foram avaliados parâmetros de desempenho, digestibilidade, hematologia e custo de arraçoamento. Os melhores resultados para ganho em peso e conversão alimentar aparente foram observados com 40 e 32% de substituição, respectivamente. O menor custo de arraçoamento foi obtido com 30 e 45%. Houve efeito linear decrescente dos coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da proteína com o aumento nos níveis de farinha de carne e ossos. Os peixes alimentados com dietas contendo até 24% de substituição apresentam aumento da concentração de hemoglobina. A dieta com 32% de substituição da proteína do farelo de soja pela proteína da farinha de carne e ossos promove melhor conversão alimentar para tilápia-do-nilo.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Apparent digestibility coefficients for amino acids of feed ingredients in tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) diets

This study evaluated the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of essential (EAA) and non-essential (NEAA) amino acids of 13 ingredients for tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) diets. Proteic and energetic ingredients were analyzed separately. The trial with energetic and proteic ingredients were arranged in a randomized block design, with four replicates: energetic ingredients (corn, wheat bran, broken rice, and sorghum) with four treatments, whereas proteic ingredients (corn gluten meal, soybean meal, poultry byproduct meal, salmon meal, fish meal [tilapia processing residue], wheat gluten meal, feather meal, cottonseed meal, and alcohol yeast [spray dried]) with nine treatments. Each block was considered as one round of fecal collection. A total of 420 tambaqui juveniles (mean initial weight: 70±8.58 g) were used. Among energetic ingredients, corn (94.6%) and wheat bran (91.9%) had the highest ADCEAA, followed by broken rice (75.7%), and sorghum (72.8%). On average, ADCEAA and ADCNEAA values of proteic ingredients were 79.5-98.5%, except for alcohol yeast (ADCEAA: 68.4 and ADCNEAA: 76.7%). Tryptophan was the first limiting amino acid in most ingredients tested and had the lowest chemical scores (0.06-0.51), except for wheat bran, corn gluten meal, and soybean meal, in which lysine was the first limiting amino acid. Soybean meal had the highest digestible essential amino acid index (EAAI: 1.02) and the most balanced amino acid profile, whereas wheat gluten meal had the lowest EAAI (0.48). Overall, tambaqui was very efficient to digest proteic and energetic ingredient

Description of growth and body composition of freshwater angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare) by Gompertz model

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to describe the growth of freshwater angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare) using the Gompertz model, determining the relative growth and allometric coefficients of body components in relation to body weight and protein weight. Six hundred animals were grown until 233 days of age. Data on chemical composition (water, lipid, protein, and ash) and weight measurements were obtained each 30 days. The Gompertz growth equation was used to analyze chemical allometry and to estimate growth parameters. The relationship between chemical components and body protein was estimated. Protein and body weight increased proportionally, with ash being the earliest nutrient (209.2 days), while lipid deposition occurred later. Linear regression analysis showed an inverse relationship between lipids and body water. This study provided a useful equation to predict the growth, chemical body composition, and rate of nutrient deposition across the life stages of freshwater angelfish. The rates of nutrient deposition as a function of body weight are important to understand the growth process of freshwater angelfish. Thus, mature weight was estimated in 26.14 g. The allometric relationships of body components and deposition rates indicated that protein and body weight are highly correlated across the life stages of freshwater angelfish. The Gompertz equation is a useful tool to describe the growth and body composition of freshwater angelfish