17 research outputs found
Infected pancreatic necrosis: outcomes and clinical predictors of mortality. A post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study
: The identification of high-risk patients in the early stages of infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is critical, because it could help the clinicians to adopt more effective management strategies. We conducted a post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study to assess the association between clinical risk factors and mortality among adult patients with IPN. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify prognostic factors of mortality. We identified 247 consecutive patients with IPN hospitalised between January 2019 and December 2020. History of uncontrolled arterial hypertension (pâ=â0.032; 95% CI 1.135-15.882; aOR 4.245), qSOFA (pâ=â0.005; 95% CI 1.359-5.879; aOR 2.828), renal failure (pâ=â0.022; 95% CI 1.138-5.442; aOR 2.489), and haemodynamic failure (pâ=â0.018; 95% CI 1.184-5.978; aOR 2.661), were identified as independent predictors of mortality in IPN patients. Cholangitis (pâ=â0.003; 95% CI 1.598-9.930; aOR 3.983), abdominal compartment syndrome (pâ=â0.032; 95% CI 1.090-6.967; aOR 2.735), and gastrointestinal/intra-abdominal bleeding (pâ=â0.009; 95% CI 1.286-5.712; aOR 2.710) were independently associated with the risk of mortality. Upfront open surgical necrosectomy was strongly associated with the risk of mortality (pâ<â0.001; 95% CI 1.912-7.442; aOR 3.772), whereas endoscopic drainage of pancreatic necrosis (pâ=â0.018; 95% CI 0.138-0.834; aOR 0.339) and enteral nutrition (pâ=â0.003; 95% CI 0.143-0.716; aOR 0.320) were found as protective factors. Organ failure, acute cholangitis, and upfront open surgical necrosectomy were the most significant predictors of mortality. Our study confirmed that, even in a subgroup of particularly ill patients such as those with IPN, upfront open surgery should be avoided as much as possible. Study protocol registered in ClinicalTrials.Gov (I.D. Number NCT04747990)
Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover
Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural clines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale
Extracellular Ca2+ transients affect poly-(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate regulation by the AtoS-AtoC system in Escherichia coli
Journal URL: http://www.biochemj.org/bj/default.htmEscherichia coli is exposed to wide extracellular concentrations of Ca2+, whereas the cytosolic levels of the ion are subject to stringent control and are implicated in many physiological functions. The present study shows that extracellularCa2+ controls cPHB [complexed poly-(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate] biosynthesis through the AtoS-AtoC two-component system. Maximal cPHB accumulation was observed at higher [Ca2+]e (extracellular Ca2+ concentration) in AtoS-AtoC-expressing E. coli compared with their _atoSC counterparts, in both cytosolic and membrane fractions. The reversal of EGTA-mediated down-regulation of cPHB biosynthesis by the addition of Ca2+ and Mg2+ was under the control of the AtoS-AtoC system.Moreover, the Ca2+-channel blocker verapamil reduced total and membrane-bound cPHB levels, the inhibitory effect being circumvented by Ca2+ addition only in atoSC+ bacteria. Histamine and compound 48/80 affected cPHB accumulation in a [Ca2+]e-dependent manner directed by theAtoS-AtoC system. In conclusion, these data provide evidence for the involvement of external Ca2+ on cPHB synthesis regulated by the AtoS-AtoC two-component system, thus linking Ca2+ with a signal transduction system, most probably through a transporter. Key words: AtoS-AtoC two-component system, atoDAEB, calcium, calcium channel blocker, histamine, poly-(R)-3- hydroxybutyrate
Histamine in two component system-mediated bacterial signaling
Histamine is a key mediator governing vital cellular processes in
mammals beyond its decisive role in inflammation. Recent evidence
implies additional actions in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Besides
its function in host defense against bacterial infections, histamine
elicits largely undefined actions in microorganisms that may contribute
to bacteria-host interactions. Bacterial proliferation and adaptation
are governed by sophisticated signal transduction networks, including
the versatile two-component systems (TCSs) that comprise sensor
histidine kinases and response regulators and rely on phosphotransfer
mechanisms to exert their modulatory function. The AtoSC TCS regulates
fundamental cellular processes such as short-chain fatty acid
metabolism, poly-(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate (cPHB) biosynthesis and
chemotaxis in Escherichia coli. The implication of exogenous histamine
in the AtoSC-mediated cPHB biosynthesis and in E. coli chemotactic
behavior is indicative of a putative function of histamine in bacterial
physiology. The data raise questions on the significance of histamine
actions in bacteria-host symbiosis, dysbiosis and pathogenicity as well
as on the possible consequences upon therapeutic administration of
histamine receptor-targeting agents and in particular ligands of the
recently identified immunomodulatory H-4 receptor
âMeletiâ Speech and Language Development Support System
Through this study we are presenting a system
that intents to support and monitor speech and language
development of children with hearing impairment using
hearing aids and/or cochlear implants, or children with
language delays. The scope is to support children during their
daily life. The system is mainly based on a set of applications
for Android devices. These applications can be used anywhere
the child and the parents are and they include several tasks
presented to the child as a game. The main goal is to support
sessions being done by the caregivers like reproducing words,
sounds, small phrases etc. The system was created based on the
four levels targeted during speech and language support
sessions (auditory skills, receptive language, expressive
language, speech / articulation). The results from system usage
are being recorded from a server where specialists can monitor
get results and act accordingly in order to improve the childâs
performance. Initial design and development steps have been
completed. The two first levels of the system have been tested
on a small group of user with very encouraging results.
Furthermore the development of several other modules related
to the levels of language development will continue in order to
cover all language development levels
Extracellular Ca2+ transients affect poly-(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate regulation by the AtoS-AtoC system in Escherichia coli
Clinical relevance of balance between type 1 and type 2 immune responses of lymphocyte subpopulations in aplastic anaemia patients
The Milan score: A novel manometric tool for a more efficient diagnosis of gastroâesophageal reflux disease
ObjectiveA definitive diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) depends on endoscopic and/or pH-study criteria. However, high resolution manometry (HRM) can identify factors predicting GERD, such as ineffective esophageal motility (IEM), esophago-gastric junction contractile integral (EGJ-CI), evaluating esophagogastric junction (EGJ) type and straight leg raise (SLR) maneuver response. We aimed to build and externally validate a manometric score (Milan Score) to stratify the risk and severity of the disease in patients undergoing HRM for suspected GERD. MethodsA population of 295 consecutive patients undergoing HRM and pH-study for persistent typical or atypical GERD symptoms was prospectively enrolled to build a model and a nomogram that provides a risk score for AET > 6%. Collected HRM data included IEM, EGJ-CI, EGJ type and SLR. A supplemental cohort of patients undergoing HRM and pH-study was also prospectively enrolled in 13 high-volume esophageal function laboratories across the world in order to validate the model. Discrimination and calibration were used to assess model's accuracy. Gastroesophageal reflux disease was defined as acid exposure time >6%. ResultsOut of the analyzed variables, SLR response and EGJ subtype 3 had the highest impact on the score (odd ratio 18.20 and 3.87, respectively). The external validation cohort consisted of 233 patients. In the validation model, the corrected Harrel c-index was 0.90. The model-fitting optimism adjusted calibration slope was 0.93 and the integrated calibration index was 0.07, indicating good calibration. ConclusionsA novel HRM score for GERD diagnosis has been created and validated. The MS might be a useful screening tool to stratify the risk and the severity of GERD, allowing a more comprehensive pathophysiologic assessment of the anti-reflux barrier. Trial registration (Identifier: NCT05851482)