386 research outputs found
Π€ΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ·Π°
ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ·Π° Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ° Π² ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ΅Π΄Π°Π³ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π‘ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°. ΠΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ·Π°. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ·Π° Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°.The developing methods of entrepreneurial competences of engineering students, based on the practice-oriented training to encourage an implemental activity of an engineer in the modern context has been presented in the report. The analysis of the problem of entrepreneurial competencies development in Russia has been carried out. The pedagogical conditions encouraging the commitment of the technical university students for an integrated engineering activity has been defined. The concept of entrepreneurial competencies of an engineer has been stated. An effective appliance of project methods to develop entrepreneurial competences of the engineering university students has been proved. There has been presented the development model of entrepreneurial competences of engineering students
MpFEW RHIZOIDS1 miRNA-mediated lateral inhibition controls rhizoid cell patterning in Marchantia polymorpha
Lateral inhibition patterns differentiated cell types among equivalent cells during development in bacteria, metazoans, and plants. Tip-growing rhizoid cells develop among flat epidermal cells in the epidermis of the early-diverging land plant Marchantia polymorpha. We show that the majority of rhizoid cells develop individually, but some develop in linear, one-dimensional groups (chains) of between 2 and 7 rhizoid cells in wild-type plants. The distribution of rhizoid cells can be accounted for within a simple cellular automata model of lateral inhibition. The model predicted that in the absence of lateral inhibition, two-dimensional rhizoid cell groups (clusters) form. These can be larger than those formed with lateral inhibition. M. polymorpha rhizoid differentiation is positively regulated by the ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE SIX-LIKE1 (MpRSL1) basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, which is directly repressed by the FEW RHIZOIDS1 (MpFRH1) microRNA (miRNA). To test if MpFRH1 miRNA acts during lateral inhibition, we generated loss-of-function (lof) mutants without the MpFRH1 miRNA. Two-dimensional clusters of rhizoids develop in Mpfrh1lof mutants as predicted by the model for plants that lack lateral inhibition. Furthermore, two-dimensional clusters of up to 9 rhizoid cells developed in the Mpfrh1lof mutants compared to a maximum number of 7 observed in wild-type groups. The higher steady-state levels of MpRSL1 mRNA in Mpfrh1lof mutants indicate that MpFRH1-mediated lateral inhibition involves the repression of MpRSL1 activity. Together, the modeling and genetic data indicate that MpFRH1 miRNA mediates lateral inhibition by repressing MpRSL1 during pattern formation in the M. polymorpha epidermis
Characterisation of the Immunophenotype of Dogs with Primary Immune-Mediated Haemolytic Anaemia
Immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA) is reported to be the most common autoimmune disease of dogs, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality in affected animals. Haemolysis is caused by the action of autoantibodies, but the immunological changes that result in their production have not been elucidated.To investigate the frequency of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and other lymphocyte subsets and to measure serum concentrations of cytokines and peripheral blood mononuclear cell expression of cytokine genes in dogs with IMHA, healthy dogs and dogs with inflammatory diseases.19 dogs with primary IMHA, 22 dogs with inflammatory diseases and 32 healthy control dogs.Residual EDTA-anti-coagulated blood samples were stained with fluorophore-conjugated monoclonal antibodies and analysed by flow cytometry to identify Tregs and other lymphocyte subsets. Total RNA was also extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells to investigate cytokine gene expression, and concentrations of serum cytokines (interleukins 2, 6 10, CXCL-8 and tumour necrosis factor Ξ±) were measured using enhanced chemiluminescent assays. Principal component analysis was used to investigate latent variables that might explain variability in the entire dataset.There was no difference in the frequency or absolute numbers of Tregs among groups, nor in the proportions of other lymphocyte subsets. The concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines were greater in dogs with IMHA compared to healthy controls, but the concentration of IL-10 and the expression of cytokine genes did not differ between groups. Principal component analysis identified four components that explained the majority of the variability in the dataset, which seemed to correspond to different aspects of the immune response.The immunophenotype of dogs with IMHA differed from that of dogs with inflammatory diseases and from healthy control dogs; some of these changes could suggest abnormalities in peripheral tolerance that permit development of autoimmune disease. The frequency of Tregs did not differ between groups, suggesting that deficiency in the number of these cells is not responsible for development of IMHA
Activity of the DNA minor groove cross-linking agent SG2000 (SJG-136) against canine tumours
BACKGROUND: Cancer is the leading cause of death in older dogs and its prevalence is increasing. There is clearly a need to develop more effective anti-cancer drugs in dogs. SG2000 (SJG-136) is a sequence selective DNA minor groove cross-linking agent. Based on its in vitro potency, the spectrum of in vivo and clinical activity against human tumours, and its tolerability in human patients, SG2000 has potential as a novel therapeutic against spontaneously occurring canine malignancies. RESULTS: In vitro cytotoxicity was assessed using SRB and MTT assays, and in vivo activity was assessed using canine tumour xenografts. DNA interstrand cross-linking (ICL) was determined using a modification of the single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay. Effects on cell cycle distribution were assessed by flow cytometry and measurement of Ξ³-H2AX by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. SG2000 had a multi-log differential cytotoxic profile against a panel of 12 canine tumour cell lines representing a range of common tumour types in dogs. In the CMeC-1 melanoma cell line, DNA ICLs increased linearly with dose following a 1Β h treatment. Peak ICL was achieved within 1Β h and no removal was observed over 48Β h. A relationship between DNA ICL formation and cytotoxicity was observed across cell lines. The formation of Ξ³-H2AX foci was slow, becoming evident after 4Β h and reaching a peak at 24Β h. SG2000 exhibited significant anti-tumour activity against two canine melanoma tumour models in vivo. Anti-tumour activity was observed at 0.15 and 0.3Β mg/kg given i.v. either once, or weekly x 3. Dose-dependent DNA ICL was observed in tumours (and to a lower level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells) at 2Β h and persisted at 24Β h. ICL increased following the second and third doses in a repeated dose schedule. At 24Β h, dose dependent Ξ³-H2AX foci were more numerous than at 2Β h, and greater in tumours than in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. SG2000-induced H2AX phosphorylation measured by immunohistochemistry showed good correspondence, but less sensitivity, than measurement of foci. CONCLUSIONS: SG2000 displayed potent activity in vitro against canine cancer cell lines as a result of the formation and persistence of DNA ICLs. SG2000 also had significant in vivo antitumour activity against canine melanoma xenografts, and the comet and Ξ³-H2AX foci methods were relevant pharmacodynamic assays. The clinical testing of SG2000 against spontaneous canine cancer is warranted. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-015-0534-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users
High Resolution Submillimeter Constraints on Circumstellar Disk Structure
We present a high spatial resolution submillimeter continuum survey of 24
circumstellar disks in the Tau-Aur and Oph-Sco star formation regions using the
SMA. In the context of a simple model, we use broadband SEDs and submillimeter
visibilities to derive constraints on some basic parameters that describe the
structure of these disks. For the typical disk in the sample we infer a radial
surface density distribution \Sigma ~ r^-p with a median p ~ 0.5, although
consideration of the systematic effects of some of our assumptions suggest that
steeper distributions with p ~ 0.7-1.0 are more reasonable. The distribution of
the outer radii of these disks shows a distinct peak at R_d = 200 AU, with only
a few cases where the disk emission is completely unresolved. Based on these
disk structure measurements, the mass accretion rates, and the typical spectral
and spatial distributions of submillimeter emission, we show that the
observations are in good agreement with similarity solutions for steady
accretion disks that have a viscosity parameter alpha ~ 0.01. We provide new
estimates of the spectral dependence of the disk opacity with a median spectral
index of ~0.7, corrected for optically thick emission. This typical value is
consistent with model predictions for the collisional growth of solids to
millimeter size scales in the outer disk. Although direct constraints on planet
formation in these disks are not currently available, the extrapolated density
distributions inferred here are substantially shallower than those calculated
based on the solar system or extrasolar planets and typically used in planet
formation models. It is possible that we are substantially underestimating disk
densities due to an incomplete submillimeter opacity prescription.Comment: submitted to ApJ (8/22/06
Lycopene and Myocardial Infarction Risk in the EURAMIC Study
A multicenter case-control study was conducted to evaluate the relations between antioxidant status assessed by biomarkers and acute myocardial infarction. Incidence cases and frequency matched controls were recruited from 10 European countries to maximize the variance in exposure within the study. Adipose tissue needle aspiration biopsies were taken shortly after the infarction and analyzed for levels of carotenoids and tocopherols. An examination of colinearity including all covariates and the three carotenoids, Ξ±-carotene, Ξ²-carotene, and lycopene, showed that the variables were sufficiently independent to model simultaneously. When examined singularly, each of the carotenoids appeared to be protective. Upon simultaneous analyses of the carotenoids, however, using conditional logistic regression models that controlled for age, body mass index, socioeconomic status, smoking, hypertension, and maternal and paternal history of disease, lycopene remained independently protective, with an odds ratio of 0.52 for the contrast of the 10th and 90th percentiles (95% confidence interval 0.33-0.82, p= 0.005). The associations for Ξ±- and Ξ²-carotene were largely eliminated. We conclude that lycopene, or some substance highly correlated which is in a common food source, may contribute to the protective effect of vegetable consumption on myocardial infarction ris
Probing dust grain evolution in IM Lupi's circumstellar disc. Multi-wavelength observations and modelling of the dust disc
We present a panchromatic study, involving a multiple technique approach, of
the circumstellar disc surrounding the T Tauri star IM Lupi (Sz 82). We have
undertaken a comprehensive observational study of IM Lupi using photometry,
spectroscopy, millimetre interferometry and multi-wavelength imaging. For the
first time, the disc is resolved from optical and near-infrared wavelengths in
scattered light, to the millimetre regime in thermal emission. Our data-set, in
conjunction with existing photometric data, provides an extensive coverage of
the spectral energy distribution, including a detailed spectrum of the silicate
emission bands. We have performed a simultaneous modelling of the various
observations, using the radiative transfer code MCFOST, and analysed a grid of
models over a large fraction of the parameter space via Bayesian inference. We
have constructed a model that can reproduce all of the observations of the
disc. Our analysis illustrates the importance of combining a wide range of
observations in order to fully constrain the disc model, with each observation
providing a strong constraint only on some aspects of the disc structure and
dust content. Quantitative evidence of dust evolution in the disc is obtained:
grain growth up to millimetre-sized particles, vertical stratification of dust
grains with micrometric grains close to the disc surface and larger grains
which have settled towards the disc midplane, and possibly the formation of
fluffy aggregates and/or ice mantles around grains.Comment: 20 pages, 13 figures. Accepted for publication in A&
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