9 research outputs found

    Transformations agricoles et agroalimentaires

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    À l’heure des robots et du numérique, la terre (habitat, agriculture, paysage, planète) et la nourriture (du corps et de l’âme) sont parmi les préoccupations majeures dans les espaces médiatiques et politiques. Le pétrole et l’abondance qui l’a accompagné nous avaient fait oublier qu’elles sont au fondement des sociétés humaines. La « crise alimentaire » de 2008, qui a secoué plusieurs continents, a rappelé aux gouvernements l’enjeu de la sécurité alimentaire. Après des décennies d’excédents, de baisse du prix des produits agricoles de base, la question de la valeur de la terre et de l’agriculture est de retour. La question de la santé et celle des droits humains prennent une place élargie tant dans les politiques publiques et dans la production de normes alimentaires. Des mouvements sociaux transnationaux s’emparent de la question de l’avenir de l’agriculture et de l’alimentation, et de celle de la « bonne vie ». Pour contribuer à cette réflexion sur l’avenir de la terre et de la nourriture, cet ouvrage étudie la socialisation de l’agriculture, c’est-à-dire sa prise en charge tant par les politiques agricoles (essentiellement nationales) que par l’organisation des marchés dans un cadre national et international. Il le fait en prenant un large recul et mobilise trois temporalités. La première est celle de la planète. La seconde, celle des régimes métaboliques, façons dont l’humanité à différents stades de développement, mobilise matériaux et énergie. La troisième est celle du capitalisme, avec la succession de systèmes hégémoniques (ce qui n’exclue pas de multiples polarités). Cet ouvrage réunit des recherches récentes d’économistes, de sociologues, d’historiens et d’agronomes, de différents pays, recherches qui ont en commun de concerner la place de l’agriculture dans l’évolution des capitalismes

    Chapitre 7 - La race bovine Holstein, institution de la modernisation de l’agriculture entre bien marchand et bien commun

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    La « Holstein » est le nom courant de la vache laitière noir et blanc, la plus commune, celle qui produit le lait que l’on retrouve dans la brique le matin. Race la plus présente dans les élevages et dans l’imaginaire collectif, elle est associée aux succès et aux crises auxquels l’élevage et l’industrie du lait sont confrontés. Elle est aussi l’une des populations animales les plus sélectionnées grâce au développement de l’industrie de la génétique au xxe ..

    Le rôle des dispositifs d'évaluation dans la création de nouvelles institutions: les contrats en élevage à l'ère de la génomique en génétique animale.

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    International audienceIn this paper, we first draw on existing literature to identify how the bridging of institutional theory and valuation studies can help us better understand current changes in the commoditization and government of life. Second, through an empirical study we open the black box of breeding contracts to detect what they can reveal about how new evaluation devices contribute to the evolution of the evaluated objects / subjects, and the institutionalization of new social and biological entities. Third, we discuss the outputs and limits of this very early step in our empirical analysis of animal genetic markets under theinstitutional disruptions associated with the “genomic era”. We conclude by drawing some lines of inquiry for further research

    TechCare: exploring the use of precision livestock farming for small ruminant welfare management

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    Session 39 - Théâtre 1International audienceSmall ruminant production systems are found in diverse contexts where conditions can be harsh and day to day supervision of animals challenging. Implementing Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) and other new or innovative technologies could help to manage or monitor animal welfare (AWE). The H2020 TechCare project explores such opportunities. Following a series of prioritisation of AWE issues in the 9 partners’ countries (France, UK, Ireland, Norway, Israel, Greece, Romania, Italy and Spain), potential PLF and innovative technologies have been identified as promising to help manage, monitor and/or improve AWE. To explore those potentials, a series of pilot studies have been set up in 5 partner countries (France, UK, Norway, Italy and Israel), where the application of near-market technologies is being assessed in different conditions and environments, varying from northern grasslands (UK and Norway) to Mediterranean climates (France, Italy and Israel). Different production purposes are also involved, from dairy sheep to dairy goats and meat sheep, both indoors and outdoors. Alongside those pilots, prototyping and adapting PLF and innovative tools is also performed, where trials under more controlled conditions are being carried out, in order to evaluate the potential of specific tools while adopting adequate approaches for monitoring and/or improving different small ruminant AWE. Those trials are being held in France, UK, Norway, Spain and Italy. Both approaches will inform on the best innovative and PLF technologies, and the most adapted ways to use them, that can most answer AWE priorities in a diversity of small ruminant farming systems. Some of the tools (e.g. Ultra High Frequency tags, proximity loggers) studied are being presented later in this session

    Update on sensor technologies for performance recording, management and welfare in small ruminants

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    Session 13 - Théâtre 1International audienceSmall ruminants (SR) are numerous livestock species with a low uptake of modern technologies. In the EU, most SR are electronically identified with transponders, which is a key opportunity for the implementation of sensors for PLF. Compared to transponders, which send fixed outputs, sensors send variable signals according to the type and intensity of the input. In practice, sensors are classified as non-wearable and wearable. Among them, their use for: behaviour, animal tracking, virtual fencing, automated weighing, performance recording and health problems detection (lameness, mortality, etc.), with special attention to early warning systems, will be analysed in SR. The study of sensors for SR welfare monitoring is the main aim of the Project TechCare (https://techcare-project.eu/), currently in progress. Advanced results showed that prioritization (by experts and stakeholders) of welfare problems throughout the value chain of SR, varies according to countries, productive purposes and production systems (meat and dairy sheep, dairy goats, suckling and fattening lambs/kids). The tools of interest for the detection of welfare problems were also prioritized and are currently under evaluation to be implemented in large scale trials in commercial farms. Stakeholders showed positive interest on PLF uses in SR and wearable sensors seem to be the ideal solution for animal-based indicators, although non-wearable sensors may be an option of interest in large farms due to their cost-benefit. Further research is needed to support the current opportunities of using sensors in SR. Funded by the EU H2020 program (Contract #862050)

    Annuaire 2011-2012

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    Recent Books and Dissertations on French History

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