Jogos em sala de aula e seus benefícios para a aprendizagem da matemática

Este artigo tem como objetivo avaliar, com base em estudos da literatura especializada e em reflexões sobre práticas de sala de aula, os benefícios da utilização de jogos como material didático para o ensino de matemática. Analisa também a sua influência na resolução de problemas pedagógicos, como a indisciplina, a apatia, os obstáculos para a inclusão e a necessidade de superação da aprendizagem mecânica da matemática. São apresentados os resultados de uma pesquisa sobre a ocorrência de jogos em aulas de matemática. Nas atividades pedagógicas avaliadas, foram utilizados dois jogos: o jogo Contig e o jogo da onça e dos cachorros. Os resultados da utilização destes dois jogos são analisados, bem como as reações de alguns alunos que vivenciaram esta experiência

Crescimento e partição de massa seca em plantas jovens de amburana (Amburana cearensis (Fr. All.) AC Smith) e de umbuzeiro (Spondias tuberosa Arr. Cam.)

Amburana cearensis and Spondias tuberosa have physiological and morphological adaptations for the climate of caatinga biome and are under threat of extinction. The objective of this paper was to characterize the photoassimilate partition of Ambulana cearenses and Spondias tuberosa plants trying to understand the contribution of the root system to the maintenance of the initial growth of the plants. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, with four evaluation intervals after the transplanting of the seedlings (60, 120, 180 and 240 days). The parameters analyzed were: plant height, stem diameter, length and width of leaf, number of leaves, leaf area, tuberous roots and dry mass. From the dry mass data and total leaf area, it was determined indices for the absolute growth rate (AGR), relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), leaf area ratio (LAR), specific leaf area (AFE), leaf weight ratio (RPF) and specific leaf weight (PEF). In both species, the photoassimilates partition indicates that the tuberous root is functioning as a high activity drain, til its formation, being guided by branches, secondary roots and leaves. For a large part of the growth parameters, the plants of Spondias tuberosa obtained significantly higher averages, thus resulting in greater growth and development than the seedlings of Amburana cearensis. It was concluded that the formation of the tuberous roots is the main drain for photoassimilates in the initial growth of the plants of both species.As espécies amburana (Amburana cearensis (Fr. All.) A. C. Smith) e o umbuzeiro (Spondias tuberosa Arr. Cam.) possuem adaptações fisiológicas e morfológicas às condições climáticas do bioma caatinga e atualmente estão sob ameaça de extinção. Objetivou-se com a realização deste trabalho caracterizar a partição de fotoassimilados das mudas de Amburana cearenses e Spondias tuberosa buscando compreender a contribuição do sistema radicular tuberoso para a manutenção do crescimento inicial das mesmas. O estudo foi realizado na Unidade Experimental Horto Florestal da UEFS, o experimento foi disposto em delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro intervalos de avaliação após o transplantio das mudas (DAT) (60; 120; 180 e 240 dias). Foram avaliados os parâmetros: altura da planta, diâmetro do caule, comprimento e largura de folha e raízes tuberosas, número de folhas, área foliar e massa seca. Com base nos dados de massa seca e área foliar, foram realizados os cálculos de taxa de crescimento absoluto (TCA), taxa de crescimento relativo (TCR), taxa assimilatória líquida (TAL), razão de área foliar (RAF), área foliar específica (AFE), razão de peso foliar (RPF) e peso específico da folha (PEF). Em ambas as espécies, a partição de fotoassimilados indica que inicialmente a raiz tuberosa funciona como um dreno de alta atividade, até a finalização da sua formação, seguindo de ramos, raízes secundárias e folhas. Para grande parte dos parâmetros de crescimento, as plantas de Spondias tuberosa obtiveram médias notoriamente mais altas, assim, consequentemente, obteve maior crescimento e desenvolvimento que as mudas de Amburana cearensis. Conclui-se que a formação das raízes tuberosas ocasiona interferência no crescimento inicial das plantas de ambas as espécies

Association between Azospirillum brasilense and strawberry plants (Fragaria ananassa): chemotaxis and root colonization

La colonización rizosférica y endofítica de Azospirillum brasilense-REC3 en raíces de frutilla (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) fue analizada a nivel de ultraestructura. Observaciones por microscopia electrónica de barrido en plantas inoculadas mostraron que Azospirillum se adhiere firmemente a la superficie radicular por una red de material tipo fibrilar, y que también está asociado con material de tipo granular acumulado en la superficie radicular. Se observaron dos patrones de adsorción celular superficial: células simples, distribuidas al azar y pequeños agregados celulares. Para verificar la colonización endofítica de esta cepa, la misma fue marcada con el gen de la proteína verde fluorescente (gfp) y observada en tejidos radiculares de frutilla por microscopía de fluorescencia y electrónica de transmisión. El análisis ultraestructural mostró cualitativamente más células de A. brasilense-REC3 asociadas con raíces de la variedad ´Camarosa que con ´Selva´. Esto fue confirmado por el NMP de bacterias asociadas con cada variedad, indicando que una mejor colonización estaría dependiendo de la combinación de genotipos asociados entre planta y bacteria. Los exudados radiculares constituyen una fuente importante de nutrientes para los microorganismos en la rizósfera y participan en el proceso de colonización a través de la quimiotáxis de los microorganismos en el suelo. En el caso de plantas de frutilla, los exudados radiculares de tres variedades produjeron quimiotáxis positiva en diferentes cepas de A. brasilense. Dicho efecto fue mayor en cepas endofíticas que en las que colonizan superficialmente a las raíces, y dependiente de la variedad de frutilla, de la concentración y tiempo de recolección de los exudados. De esta forma se destaca el papel de la quimiotáxis como punto de partida para lograr una asociación exitosa entre planta y bacteria.Fil: Pedraza, Raúl Osvaldo. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; ArgentinaFil: Guerrero Molina, María Fernanda. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Winik, Beatriz Clara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Tortora, María L.. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; ArgentinaFil: Ragout, Alicia Leonor. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; ArgentinaFil: Dos Santos Teixeira, Katia Regina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; ArgentinaFil: Baca, Beatríz E.. Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; Méxic

Cadernetas de saúde e trabalho: diários de professores de universidade pública

Este artigo tem como objetivo principal apresentar e analisar o instrumento de pesquisa designado como “cadernetas de saúde e trabalho”, com foco na produção de conhecimento sobre o trabalho de docentes de universidade pública. Trata-se de uma técnica de investigação de caráter qualitativo e participativo, adequada ao aprofundamento do estudo das relações entre a saúde e o trabalho, reavendo os locais de trabalho como lugares privilegiados de observações para o exercício de uma efetiva ação de defesa da saúde e a experiência do trabalho como matéria principal de análise. A qualidade especial das cadernetas como técnica de investigação refere-se ao papel protagonista atribuído ao trabalhador no processo de pesquisa, autor do diário e coparticipante do estudo. Participaram oito docentes pertencentes ao mesmo instituto de uma universidade federal de ensino superior (IFES), localizada no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Quanto à análise dos materiais empíricos, procedentes das anotações das cadernetas e de encontro com os trabalhadores, adotou-se a técnica de análise temática, chegando-se a quatro categorias principais de discussão, a saber: o tempo de trabalho e as múltiplas atividades de trabalho do professor; precarização das condições de trabalho em universidades; saúde docente entre limites e cadernetas sob o olhar dos seus autores. No que concerne aos resultados, sobressaiu o tema alusivo à sobrecarga de trabalho e pressão do tempo para cumprimento de metas. Ao fim, considerou-se que as cadernetas de saúde e trabalho mostraram-se como ferramenta de pesquisa com potencial para se gerar conhecimento em perspectiva coletiva

A formação docente na perspectiva da inclusão: Científico

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Correspondence: Wayne County, GA. - E. B. Rosser, James W. Poppel (Clerk of the Superior Court)

1 electronic document [PDF/A]. Includes TIFF and JP2 images. Digitized by the Digital Library of Georgia, September 2019.Correspondence, Wayne County, 1895. Handwritten Correspondence to E.B. Rosser, Atlanta Georgia with deed from the Brunswick Land and Lumber Company and deed to W.M. Scott. Wayne County, Georgia. November 30, 1895. 1 page

Complete genome sequence of the sugarcane nitrogen-fixing endophyte gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus PAL5

17 p. : il.Background: Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus Pal5 is an endophytic diazotrophic bacterium that lives in association with sugarcane plants. It has important biotechnological features such as nitrogen fixation, plant growth promotion, sugar metabolism pathways, secretion of organic acids, synthesis of auxin and the occurrence of bacteriocins. Results: Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus Pal5 is the third diazotrophic endophytic bacterium to be completely sequenced. Its genome is composed of a 3.9 Mb chromosome and 2 plasmids of 16.6 and 38.8 kb, respectively. We annotated 3,938 coding sequences which reveal several characteristics related to the endophytic lifestyle such as nitrogen fixation, plant growth promotion, sugar metabolism, transport systems, synthesis of auxin and the occurrence of bacteriocins. Genomic analysis identified a core component of 894 genes shared with phylogenetically related bacteria. Gene clusters for gum-like polysaccharide biosynthesis, tad pilus, quorum sensing, for modulation of plant growth by indole acetic acid and mechanisms involved in tolerance to acidic conditions were identified and may be related to the sugarcane endophytic and plant-growth promoting traits of G. diazotrophicus. An accessory component of at least 851 genes distributed in genome islands was identified, and was most likely acquired by horizontal gene transfer. This portion of the genome has likely contributed to adaptation to the plant habitat. Conclusion: The genome data offer an important resource of information that can be used to manipulate plant/bacterium interactions with the aim of improving sugarcane crop production and other biotechnological applications

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

The surgical safety checklist and patient outcomes after surgery: a prospective observational cohort study, systematic review and meta-analysis

© 2017 British Journal of Anaesthesia Background: The surgical safety checklist is widely used to improve the quality of perioperative care. However, clinicians continue to debate the clinical effectiveness of this tool. Methods: Prospective analysis of data from the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), an international observational study of elective in-patient surgery, accompanied by a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature. The exposure was surgical safety checklist use. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality and the secondary outcome was postoperative complications. In the ISOS cohort, a multivariable multi-level generalized linear model was used to test associations. To further contextualise these findings, we included the results from the ISOS cohort in a meta-analysis. Results are reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals. Results: We included 44 814 patients from 497 hospitals in 27 countries in the ISOS analysis. There were 40 245 (89.8%) patients exposed to the checklist, whilst 7508 (16.8%) sustained ≥1 postoperative complications and 207 (0.5%) died before hospital discharge. Checklist exposure was associated with reduced mortality [odds ratio (OR) 0.49 (0.32–0.77); P\u3c0.01], but no difference in complication rates [OR 1.02 (0.88–1.19); P=0.75]. In a systematic review, we screened 3732 records and identified 11 eligible studies of 453 292 patients including the ISOS cohort. Checklist exposure was associated with both reduced postoperative mortality [OR 0.75 (0.62–0.92); P\u3c0.01; I2=87%] and reduced complication rates [OR 0.73 (0.61–0.88); P\u3c0.01; I2=89%). Conclusions: Patients exposed to a surgical safety checklist experience better postoperative outcomes, but this could simply reflect wider quality of care in hospitals where checklist use is routine