Buried in water, burdened by nature-Resilience carried the Iron Age people through Fimbulvinter

Levanluhta is a unique archaeological site with the remains of nearly a hundred Iron Age individuals found from a water burial in Ostrobothnia, Finland. The strongest climatic downturn of the Common Era, resembling the great Fimbulvinter in Norse mythology, hit these people during the 6th century AD. This study establishes chronological, dietary, and livelihood synthesis on this population based on stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic and radiocarbon analyses on human remains, supported by multidisciplinary evidence. Extraordinarily broad stable isotopic distribution is observed, indicating three subgroups with distinct dietary habits spanning four centuries. This emphasizes the versatile livelihoods practiced at this boundary of marine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems. While the impact of the prolonged cold darkness of the 6th century was devastating for European communities relying on cultivation, the broad range of livelihoods provided resilience for the Levanluhta people to overcome the abrupt climatic decline.Peer reviewe

Buried in water, burdened by nature – Resilience carried the Iron Age people through Fimbulvinter

Levänluhta is a unique archaeological site with the remains of nearly a hundred Iron Age individuals found from a water burial in Ostrobothnia, Finland. The strongest climatic downturn of the Common Era, resembling the great Fimbulvinter in Norse mythology, hit these people during the 6th century AD. This study establishes chronological, dietary, and livelihood synthesis on this population based on stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic and radiocarbon analyses on human remains, supported by multidisciplinary evidence. Extraordinarily broad stable isotopic distribution is observed, indicating three subgroups with distinct dietary habits spanning four centuries. This emphasizes the versatile livelihoods practiced at this boundary of marine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems. While the impact of the prolonged cold darkness of the 6th century was devastating for European communities relying on cultivation, the broad range of livelihoods provided resilience for the Levänluhta people to overcome the abrupt climatic decline

Hiki, ähky ja loikka - Osallistujien pedagogisia mietteitä ja ideoita hankkeen varrelta

DIGIJOUJOU-hankkeessa työskennelleet opettajat ovat hankkeen toimintavuosien 2017-2019 aikana pohtineet opetuksen ja oppimisen digitaalisuutta ja joustavuutta eri näkökulmista: mitä digitaalisuus ja joustavuus suomen ja ruotsin opiskelussa tarkoittaa, miten soveltaa, lisätä ja kehittää digitaalisuutta ja joustavuutta omassa opetuksessa ja opiskelijoiden oppimisessa. Hankelaisten blogikirjoituksissa näemme askeleita opettajien omasta ja yhdessä muiden kanssa oppimisesta hankkeen edetessä; epävarmuus muuttuu varmuudeksi, ajoittainen digiähky oman asiantuntijuuden kasvuksi ja joustavuus osaksi opettajan arkipedagogiikkaa. Antoisia ja inspiroivia lukuhetkiä! Lisätietoa: https://digijoujou.aalto.fi/Lärarna i DIGIJOUJOU-projektet har under projektets verksamhetsår 2017-2019 reflekterat över digitalisering och exibilitet från olika perspektiv; vad betyder digitalisering och exibilitet i lärandet av finska och svenska, hur ska man implementera, öka och utveckla dessa i den egna undervisningen och i hur studerande lär sig finska och svenska. I projektdeltagarnas bloginlägg får vi inblick i hur allas lärandeprocess i projektet framskrider; osäkerhet utvecklas till säkerhet, digikaoset får ordning och exibilitet blir en del av den egna sakkunnigheten och pedagogiken. Med önskan om givande och inspirerande läsning! Mer information: https://digijoujou.aalto.fi

Optimizing drug discovery by Investigative Toxicology: Current and future trends – Report of CAAT-ITL Forum Think Tank

Investigative Toxicology describes the de-risking, and mechanistic elucidation of effects that supports critical early safety related decision making in the pharmaceutical industry. While the individual tasks and organizational set-up of these functions differ from company to company, it has become evident that the value of these activities do not only lie in screening assays, which precede the regulatory activities, but also in the contribution of an enhanced understanding of the mechanism of toxicity. In fact, this shifts pharmaceutical toxicology from a purely descriptive to an evidence-based mechanistic discipline. In addition, the high costs and the rather low throughput of the GLP (Good Laboratory Practice) in vivo studies, as well as increasing demands for adhering to the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement) principals, has increased the push for new innovative approaches. A key aspect is therefore the translation of in vitro to in vivo mechanistic data. Outside of the boundaries of regulatory toxicology with its GLP in vivo studies, Investigative Toxicology has the flexibility to embrace new technologies, though there is often a perception that non-GLP /not fully validated assays might compromise the pivotal studies and endanger the approval process. Consequently, standards of harmonization and validation as developed for the GLP studies are implicitly also demanded for the new technologies. A group of 14 European-based Investigative Toxicology leaders from the pharmaceutical industry (AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, GSK, Janssen, Lundbeck, Merck, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Orion Pharma, Roche, Sanofi, Servier and UCB-Biopharma) founded the Investigative Toxicology Leaders Forum (ITLF). The goal of Investigative Toxicology, and therefore of improved preclinical decision making, coincides with the notion of an animal-free safety testing environment. Currently, too many compounds are ruled out by animal models during the preclinical phase, without knowledge of how the compounds would behave in humans, i.e. the false-positive rate of animal studies cannot be assessed. Progress in Investigative Toxicology could lead to humanized in vitro test systems and thus pave the way towards medicines less residing on animal use. For this reason, the ITLF collaborated with the Centre for Alternatives to Animal Testing Europe (CAAT-Europe) to organize an "Investigative Toxicology Think-Tank". This event also aimed to enhance the interaction with experts from academia and regulatory bodies in the field

Ekonomická analýza podniku s přihlédnutím k jeho lokalizaci

Investigative Toxicology describes the de-risking and mechanistic elucidation of toxicities, supporting early safety decisions in the pharmaceutical industry. Recently, Investigative Toxicology has contributed to a shift in pharmaceutical toxicology, from a descriptive to an evidence-based, mechanistic discipline. This was triggered by high costs and low throughput of Good Laboratory Practice in vivo studies, and increasing demands for adhering to the 3R (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement) principles of animal welfare. Outside the boundaries of regulatory toxicology, Investigative Toxicology has the flexibility to embrace new technologies, enhancing translational steps from in silico, in vitro to in vivo mechanistic understanding to eventually predict human response. One major goal of Investigative Toxicology is improving preclinical decisions, which coincides with the concept of animal-free safety testing. Currently, compounds under preclinical development are being discarded due to the use of inappropriate animal models. Progress in Investigative Toxicology could lead to humanized in vitro test systems and the development of medicines less reliant on animal tests. To advance this field a group of 14 European-based leaders from the pharmaceutical industry founded the Investigative Toxicology Leaders Forum (ITLF), an open, non-exclusive and pre-competitive group that shares knowledge and experience. The ITLF collaborated with the Centre for Alternatives to Animal Testing Europe (CAAT-Europe) to organize an "Investigative Toxicology Think-Tank", which aimed to enhance the interaction with experts from academia and regulatory bodies in the field. Summarizing the topics and discussion of the workshop, this article highlights Investigative Toxicology's position by identifying key challenges and perspectives