Comparación biosensors electroquímico de ADN basados en matriz de grafito y SPE

En este trabajo se presenta el desarrollo de biosensores electroquímicos de ADN y se evalúa la reproducibilidad y estabilidad del ADN inmovilizado sobre el sustrato, mediante voltamperometría diferencial de pulso. Se describe el diseño, construcción de los biosensores en electrodos impresos y electrodos de grafito, empleando inmovilización por adsorción física y matriz de grafito, se reporta la evaluación diferentes técnicas de inmovilización empleadas. Los resultados muestran que los biosensores basados en matriz de grafito presentan una mejora en la señal del ADN, mientras que en electrodos impresos se observa inactivación electroquímica del ADN, por lo que se sugieren como electrodos portátiles de un sólo uso. Los resultados mostraron la mejor inmovilización del ADN es en biosensores de matriz de grafito, mostrando reproducibilidad y repetibilidad menor al 10%, la estabilidad de los biosensores muestra que la señal del ADN disminuye en un 18% respecto a la señal de inicio, en un periodo de 4 semanas.In this work, the development of electrochemical DNA biosensors is presented and the reproducibility and stability of DNA immobilized on the substrate is evaluated by differential pulse voltammetry. The design, construction of the biosensors in screen printed electrodes and graphite, using immobilization by physical adsorption and graphite matrix, is described, the evaluationof different immobilization techniques used is reported. The results show that biosensors based on graphite matrix present an improvement in the DNA signal, while electrochemical inactivation of DNA is observed in screen printed electrodes, which is why they are suggested as single-use portable electrodes. The results showed that the best immobilization of DNA is in graphite matrix biosensors, showing reproducibility and repeatability of less than 10%, the stability of the biosensors shows that the DNA signal decreases by 18% compared to start signal, in a period of 4 weeks

Colombian consensus recommendations for diagnosis, management and treatment of the infection by SARS-COV-2/ COVID-19 in health care facilities - Recommendations from expert´s group based and informed on evidence

La Asociación Colombiana de Infectología (ACIN) y el Instituto de Evaluación de Nuevas Tecnologías de la Salud (IETS) conformó un grupo de trabajo para desarrollar recomendaciones informadas y basadas en evidencia, por consenso de expertos para la atención, diagnóstico y manejo de casos de Covid 19. Estas guías son dirigidas al personal de salud y buscar dar recomendaciones en los ámbitos de la atención en salud de los casos de Covid-19, en el contexto nacional de Colombia

Search for eccentric black hole coalescences during the third observing run of LIGO and Virgo

Despite the growing number of confident binary black hole coalescences observed through gravitational waves so far, the astrophysical origin of these binaries remains uncertain. Orbital eccentricity is one of the clearest tracers of binary formation channels. Identifying binary eccentricity, however, remains challenging due to the limited availability of gravitational waveforms that include effects of eccentricity. Here, we present observational results for a waveform-independent search sensitive to eccentric black hole coalescences, covering the third observing run (O3) of the LIGO and Virgo detectors. We identified no new high-significance candidates beyond those that were already identified with searches focusing on quasi-circular binaries. We determine the sensitivity of our search to high-mass (total mass M>70 M⊙) binaries covering eccentricities up to 0.3 at 15 Hz orbital frequency, and use this to compare model predictions to search results. Assuming all detections are indeed quasi-circular, for our fiducial population model, we place an upper limit for the merger rate density of high-mass binaries with eccentricities 0<e≤0.3 at 0.33 Gpc−3 yr−1 at 90\% confidence level

Ultralight vector dark matter search using data from the KAGRA O3GK run

Among the various candidates for dark matter (DM), ultralight vector DM can be probed by laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors through the measurement of oscillating length changes in the arm cavities. In this context, KAGRA has a unique feature due to differing compositions of its mirrors, enhancing the signal of vector DM in the length change in the auxiliary channels. Here we present the result of a search for U(1)B−L gauge boson DM using the KAGRA data from auxiliary length channels during the first joint observation run together with GEO600. By applying our search pipeline, which takes into account the stochastic nature of ultralight DM, upper bounds on the coupling strength between the U(1)B−L gauge boson and ordinary matter are obtained for a range of DM masses. While our constraints are less stringent than those derived from previous experiments, this study demonstrates the applicability of our method to the lower-mass vector DM search, which is made difficult in this measurement by the short observation time compared to the auto-correlation time scale of DM

Search for gravitational-lensing signatures in the full third observing run of the LIGO-Virgo network

Gravitational lensing by massive objects along the line of sight to the source causes distortions of gravitational wave-signals; such distortions may reveal information about fundamental physics, cosmology and astrophysics. In this work, we have extended the search for lensing signatures to all binary black hole events from the third observing run of the LIGO--Virgo network. We search for repeated signals from strong lensing by 1) performing targeted searches for subthreshold signals, 2) calculating the degree of overlap amongst the intrinsic parameters and sky location of pairs of signals, 3) comparing the similarities of the spectrograms amongst pairs of signals, and 4) performing dual-signal Bayesian analysis that takes into account selection effects and astrophysical knowledge. We also search for distortions to the gravitational waveform caused by 1) frequency-independent phase shifts in strongly lensed images, and 2) frequency-dependent modulation of the amplitude and phase due to point masses. None of these searches yields significant evidence for lensing. Finally, we use the non-detection of gravitational-wave lensing to constrain the lensing rate based on the latest merger-rate estimates and the fraction of dark matter composed of compact objects

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Valor cultural de las plantas de Tonalá, Huajuapan, Oaxaca”

La presente investigación es de carácter etnobotánico y parte de la necesidad de analizar de forma cuantitativa los conocimientos contenidos en las tradiciones de las poblaciones rurales, en este caso del municipio de Santo Domingo Tonalá, Huajuapan de León, Oaxaca. Uno de los principales sistemas agroforestales presente en estas poblaciones es el huerto familiar, que forma parte de las tradiciones transmitidas de generación en generación, representando un gran reservorio de información y biodiversidad, estos dos aspectos constituyen el valor cultural que se encuentra implícito en las plantas presentes en estos huertos. El análisis se realizó de forma primaria por medio de entrevistas semi-estructuradas a los dueños de 24 huertos familiares y un paisaje natural de importancia ecológica y cultural en el valle del municipio. Posteriormente, con los datos obtenidos se llevó a cabo el análisis de los principales datos etnobotánicos, (nombre del informante, nombre(s) de la planta, uso(s) que se le da, temporada de floración, época de siembra, forma de vida, grado de manejo, tipo de comercialización (autoconsumo o venta), parte utilizada de la planta, preparación); la determinación del índice de valor de uso de cada especie y la estimación del valor cultural general de las plantas por medio del análisis multivariado de clasificación numérica. Las familias con mayor presencia son la Asteraceae, Cactaceae y Fabaceae, la forma de vida mayor representada es la herbácea; la proporción de mujeres que manejan el huerto es mayor que la de hombres. El índice de valor de uso sugiere que las especies más utilizadas son Lippia graveolens y Psidium guajava. El análisis multivariado muestra por medio del dendrograma de clasificación numérica que independientemente de las plantas cultivadas gran parte de éstas en los huertos familiares tienen un manejo protegido y tolerado (in situ) y silvestre (ex situ); los usos comestible, ornamental-ritual y medicinal son los más representativos. Lo anterior muestra el valor cultural de los recursos vegetales presentes en los huertos familiares y manifiesta la importancia de estos agroecosistemas como unidades productoras indispensables en la vida de los pobladores

Characterization of the microbial community associated with the roots of joyapa (Macleania rupestris) and the effect of fungal isolates on seedling developmentt

Macleania rupestris is a native Ericaceae with high potential benefits for health and the environment. Characterizing the interactions between M. rupestris and associated fungi is vital to supporting the plant's conservation and future domestication. However, little is known about the relationship between plant growth-promoting endophytes and M. rupestris. To learn more about the soil-associated microbiota of M. rupestris, we analyzed endophyte communities associated with the plant's rhizosphere and surrounding soil using nanopore sequencing. Additionally, fungal endophyte cultivable strains were isolated from the roots of M. rupestris to evaluate their growth-promoting activity on seedlings by applying a strain inoculation bioassay. Over 1000 genera were identified using nanopore sequencing, Bradyrhizobium and Mesorhizobium the most abundant in all samples analyzed. Similarly, six cultivable fungi were characterized by the molecular markers ITS (internal transcribed spacer) and LSU (large subunit). Amongst all isolates, Clonostachys rosea and Trichoderma paravidescens positively impacted seedlings' development. This study shows the potential of fungal strains as inoculants for the potential domestication of Macleania rupestris

Viability and infectivity of ceratobasidium sp. Encapsulated in alginate beads under different storage conditions

Los hongos micorrícicos son socios importantes de las orquídeas ya que establecen relaciones simbióticas estrechas con este grupo de plantas y su conservación es también importante para la conservación de las orquídeas. En este estudio, la conservación de Ceratobasidium sp., un simbionte fúngico, usando encapsulación en perlas de alginato fue evaluada a diferentes tiempos, temperaturas de almacenamiento y formas de deshidratación. Cápsulas secadas al aire y deshidratación osmótica fueron almacenadas a temperatura ambiente (20 ± 2°C), 4°C, -20°C y - 80°C. El crecimiento del hongo fue verificado después de 4,8,26 y 96 semanas. Una segunda prueba fue llevada a cabo para evaluar la encapsulación del hongo como una forma de inoculación para promover la simbiosis y el desarrollo en plantas de la orquídea Trichoceros antennifer. Los resultados sugieren que la encapsulación de Ceratobasidium en perlas de alginato, es una estrategia viable para su conservación, que las perlas son fáciles de manipular y que estimulan el crecimiento cuando se inoculan en el sustrato de las plantas. Este trabajo podría facilitar el diseño de estrategias de conservación de hongos micorrícicos y de las orquídeas asociadas.Mycorrhizal fungi are important partners of orchids because they establish close symbiotic relationships with this group of plants, and its preservation is also important for the successful conservation of orchids. In the present study, the conservation of Ceratobasidium sp., a fungal symbiont, using encapsulation in alginate beads was tested over different times, temperatures of storage and dehydrated conditions. Osmotically dehydrated and air-dried beads were stored at room temperature (20 ± 2 °C), 4 °C, −20 °C and −80 °C. The fungal growth was verified after 4, 8, 26 and 96 weeks. A second test was carried out to evaluate the encapsulations of fungi as a form of inoculation in Trichoceros antennifer orchid to promote symbiosis and plants development. The results show that the encapsulation of Ceratobasidium in alginate beads is a viable strategy for its conservation, the beads are of easy manipulation and promote plant growth when inoculated in plant substrate. These results may be adopted as part of effective conservation strategies for mycorrhizal fungi and orchids. © 2021. Universidad de Costa Rica