The Synthesis and Physicochemical Characterization of New Monothiophosphate Materials

The following dissertation focuses on the chemistry of materials incorporating the monothiophosphate anion. The monothiophosphate anion is a member of the oxythiophosphates, a family of compounds in which phosphorus is bound to both oxygen and sulfur. This chemical characteristic places the metal oxythiophosphates between the well known families of the metal phosphates and thiophosphates. While both the metal phosphates and thiophosphates have been reported numerous times in the literature, the oxythiophosphates are rare, with only 29 compounds reported prior to this dissertation. Three new monothiophosphate materials are presented in this work, as well a new polymorph of a previously known compound. LaPO3S and NdPO3S hydrates are found to mimic the structure of the orthophosphate mineral rhabdophane; FeCl3 is found to undergo a metathesis reaction with α-Na3PO3S at room temperature to produce an iron containing monothiophosphate material; and evidence of γ-Na3PO3S is presented. Water is found to play a key role in the chemistry of the monothiophosphate anion. Upon exposure to a humid atmosphere, reactions and phase transitions are found to occur, which require thermal or mechanochemical force to proceed under dry conditions. The hard/soft, acid/base chemistry of the monothiophosphate anion is also found to dominate both the products which are formed and the manner in which they oxidize or decompose. The materials examined in this dissertation were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, powder neutron diffraction, differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, diffuse reflectance UV/Vis/NIR and IR, as well as photoluminescence spectroscopy. Additionally, second harmonic generation properties were measured

Constructing Silence: Processes of Journalistic (Self-)Censorship during Memoranda in Greece, Cyprus, and Spain

What are to be considered as threats against journalism? Whereas the literature on safety of journalists mainly discusses threats as part of armed conflicts, this article studies how other kinds of conflicts such as economic strangulation and the viability threat represent threats against journalists’ work and safety. It argues that acts of intimidation directed against journalists represent an attack on democracy itself as they have the effect of limiting the freedom of expression. The aim of this study is to explore how journalists operate in such a conflict and under such uncertainty, as an implication of (political) pressure caused by the politics of Memoranda in Greece, Cyprus, and Spain. The comparative analysis focuses on possible changes in the processes of message construction and in the journalistic practices of the participants, exploring if, how, and to what extent these changes were imposed to journalists directly or indirectly

Effects of glycerol and creatine hyperhydration on doping-relevant blood parameters

Glycerol is prohibited as an ergogenic aid by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) due to the potential for its plasma expansion properties to have masking effects. However, the scientific basis of the inclusion of Gly as a “masking agent” remains inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a hyperhydrating supplement containing Gly on doping-relevant blood parameters. Nine trained males ingested a hyperhydrating mixture twice per day for 7 days containing 1.0 g•kg<sup>−1</sup> body mass (BM) of Gly, 10.0 g of creatine and 75.0 g of glucose. Blood samples were collected and total hemoglobin (Hb) mass determined using the optimized carbon monoxide (CO) rebreathing method pre- and post-supplementation. BM and total body water (TBW) increased significantly following supplementation by 1.1 ± 1.2 and 1.0 ± 1.2 L (BM, P < 0.01; TBW, P < 0.01), respectively. This hyperhydration did not significantly alter plasma volume or any of the doping-relevant blood parameters (e.g., hematocrit, Hb, reticulocytes and total Hb-mass) even when Gly was clearly detectable in urine samples. In conclusion, this study shows that supplementation with hyperhydrating solution containing Gly for 7 days does not significantly alter doping-relevant blood parameters

A Scoping Review of the Evidence on Health Promotion Interventions for Reducing Waterpipe Smoking: Implications for Practice

Background: Waterpipe tobacco smoking is a traditional method of tobacco use, especially in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), but its prevalence is growing worldwide, especially among young people. Although often perceived as less harmful than other methods of tobacco use because the smoke passes through water, accumulating evidence shows harmful effects and that some smokers become addicted. Interventions that deglamourise and denormalise use have been recommended but little is known about the range and impact of different health prevention and promotion interventions.Methods: A scoping review of literature was undertaken to explore the breadth of literature and assess the range and impact of community based health promotion interventions for waterpipe smoking. Searches were conducted in Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Psychinfo, and the Cochrane database of systematic reviews. Interventions were classified using a health promotion framework and data extracted on the aspects of prevention/promotion addressed; key strategies employed, evidence of effectiveness or impact on behavior change as well as barriers to implementation and perceived success factors.Results: Ten studies were included in the review. They include brief interventions to increase quit rates; community campaigns to raise awareness and increase knowledge; web based health education and skill development to increase perceived risks and intention to quit; as well as studies that evaluated product labeling and opportunities for policy interventions to create healthy environments.Conclusions: The evidence base is small but growing. Brief interventions for waterpipe users, community campaigns, and web based tailored information can modify perceptions of addiction and increase intentions to quit. Product labeling may be an effective policy tool to curb waterpipe smoking. A range of policy interventions have been identified but not evaluated

Anais do V Encontro de Escritores de Língua Portuguesa

Literatura e Lusofonia, colectânea dos textos apresentados ao V Encontro de Escritores de Língua Portuguesa. realizado na cidade de Luanda.Câmara Municipal de Luanda e Câmara Municipal de Lisboainfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Phase 3 Safety and Efficacy of AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) Covid-19 Vaccine

BACKGROUND: The safety and efficacy of the AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) vaccine in a large, diverse population at increased risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the United States, Chile, and Peru has not been known. METHODS: In this ongoing, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 clinical trial, we investigated the safety, vaccine efficacy, and immunogenicity of two doses of AZD1222 as compared with placebo in preventing the onset of symptomatic and severe coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) 15 days or more after the second dose in adults, including older adults, in the United States, Chile, and Peru. RESULTS: A total of 32,451 participants underwent randomization, in a 2:1 ratio, to receive AZD1222 (21,635 participants) or placebo (10,816 participants). AZD1222 was safe, with low incidences of serious and medically attended adverse events and adverse events of special interest; the incidences were similar to those observed in the placebo group. Solicited local and systemic reactions were generally mild or moderate in both groups. Overall estimated vaccine efficacy was 74.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 65.3 to 80.5; P CONCLUSIONS: AZD1222 was safe and efficacious in preventing symptomatic and severe Covid-19 across diverse populations that included older adults. (Funded by AstraZeneca and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04516746.)

“Swapping” Families: Serial Parenting and Economic Support for Children

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/71408/1/j.1741-3737.2000.00111.x.pd

MANAJEMEN PENGEMBANGAN KURIKULUM DI MIN 11 BANDAR LAMPUNG

ABSTRAK Manajemen pengembangan kurikulum merupakan jantung dari sebuah pendidikan, bahwa kurikulum berperan dalam pencapaian tujuan pendidikan. Hal ini menyebabkan keberadaan kurikulum menjadi sangat vital dibandingkan dengan komponen-komponen pendidikan lainnya. Karena kurikulum adalah energi untuk keberhasilan tiap-tiap komponen pendidikan. Namun tidak semua lembaga pendidikan bisa merencanakan, melaksanakan dan mengevaluasi kurikulum ini dengan baik. Manajemen kurikulum memperlihatkanada keterkaitan yang erat antara manajemen kurikulum dengan setandar nasional pendidikan. Keterkaitan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa manajemen kurikulum memerlukan strategi untuk mencapai pendidikan yang efektif dan efesien. Strategi tersebut merupakan pendayagunaan sumberdaya yang ada dalam sistem pendidikan. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif yaitu pendekatan penelitian yang berusaha mendesripsikan suatu gejala, peristiwa, kejadian yang terjadi sekarang yang dimana penelitian ini memotret peristiwa dan kejadian yang terjadi menjadi focus perhatiannya untuk kemudian di jabarkan sebagimana adanya. Menurut Jane Richie penelitian kualitatif adalah upaya untuk menyajikan dunia sosial, dan perspektifnya, di dalam dunia Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat dipahami Perencanaan kurikulum di MIN 11 Bandar Lampung adalah kurikulum yang menyesuaikan dengan kebutuhan masyarakat akan pendidikan.yang mengacu pada Visi misi lembaga serta pembuatan rencana kerja dan program kegiatan sekolah. Perencanaan kurikulum yang ada di MIN 11 Bandar Lampung adalah perencanaan yang mengembangkan kurikulum nasional yang menjadi kurikulum berkarakter kekhasan MIN 11 Bandar Lampung. Pada proses pelaksanaan pengembangan kurikulum MIN 11 Bandar Lampung . Wujud pelaksanaan pengembangan kurikulum di MIN 11 Bandar Lampung , bahwa dalam pelaksanaan kurikulum MIN 11 Bandar Lampung, dengan cara diturunkan dengan subject pembelajaran terpadu di dalam kelas dan dalam pelaksanaannya semua mata pelajaran menjadi tempat iv pembelajaran islam yang mendasar. Dimana semua mata pelajaran yang ada di MIN 11 Bandar Lampung dikaitkan dan di landasi oleh nilai-nilai spiritual (agama Islam). Secara teknis pelajaran yang paling bnyak dilakukan di MIN 11 Bandar Lampung adalah pembelajaran Tahfiz. Ada beberapa kendala dalam pengembangan kurikulum di MIN 11 Bandar Lampung di antaranya Kurangnya Sosialisasi Pemerintah tentang Kurikulum Merdeka Ke Sekolah-Sekolah, Kurangnya Persiapan Guru Untuk Beralih ke Kurikulum Merdeka dan Sumber Belajar Hanya Terbatas di Buku Paket Saja Kata Kunci : Manajemen Pengembangan, Kurikulum, MIN 11 Bandar Lampun