Computer Games and Their Impact on Creativity of Primary Level Students in Tehran

Creativity is about being sensitive to dilemmas, losses, problems, and existing errors, making propositions about and examining such issues, which finally leads to innovative findings. On the other hand, it seems that games are important in this process; since they can improve creativity of the individuals. Thus, this research pays attention to the question that whether computer games affect creativity of students at primary level in schools or not? Moreover, in this study, students of 3 main districts of Tehran municipality were studied. Based on the available data of the ministry, there were 51740 students studying in these three districts. Thus, 381 students were randomly selected as the research sample. Findings revealed that all computer games, i.e. puzzle, intellectual, and enigma, affect creativity of students at primary level in schools to different extents.

Studies of the effects of shear on colloidal aggregation and gelation using small angle light scattering

Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of PhysicsChristopher M. SorensenWe investigated the effect of shear on the structure and aggregation kinetics of unstable colloids using small angle light scattering. We used an aqueous suspension of 20 nm polystyrene latex microspheres and MgCl[subscript]2 to induce aggregation. The sample was only sheared once for approximately 33 sec at different times, typically 1 min, 5 min, or 15 min, after the onset of aggregation. The average shear rate was in the range of 0.13 - 3.56 sec[superscript]−1 , which was in a laminar regime. The unsheared sample gelled after ca. 45 min. When the sample was sheared soon after the onset of aggregation, the aggregation followed the diffusion limited cluster cluster aggregation (DLCA) kinetics to yield D[subscript f] = 1.80 [plus or minus] 0.04 aggregates unaffected by the shear. The gel time also remained the same as the unsheared gel. Shearing at later stages of aggregation shortened the gel time and enhanced the scattered light intensity significantly indicating rapid growth. Then, depending on the shear rate, there were three different behaviors. At high shear rates, the aggregate structure was inhomogeneous after the shear was stopped with a crossover in slope in the scattered light intensity versus q, to imply hybrid superaggregates with two different fractal dimensions. At intermediate shear rates far from the gel point, there was a similar crossover after the shear was stopped; however, the fractal dimension regained 1.80 [plus or minus] 0.04 at the gel point. At low shear rates, the aggregation rate was increased, but the aggregate structure was uniform, and the fractal dimension remained 1.75 [plus or minus] 0.05

Global, regional, and national burden of colorectal cancer and its risk factors, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Funding: F Carvalho and E Fernandes acknowledge support from Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P. (FCT), in the scope of the project UIDP/04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020 of the Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences UCIBIO and the project LA/P/0140/2020 of the Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy i4HB; FCT/MCTES through the project UIDB/50006/2020. J Conde acknowledges the European Research Council Starting Grant (ERC-StG-2019-848325). V M Costa acknowledges the grant SFRH/BHD/110001/2015, received by Portuguese national funds through Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), IP, under the Norma Transitória DL57/2016/CP1334/CT0006.proofepub_ahead_of_prin

The effect of shear on colloidal aggregation and gelation studied using small-angle light scattering

Master of ScienceDepartment of PhysicsChristopher M. SorensenWe investigated the effect of shear on the structure and aggregation kinetics of unstable colloids using small angle light scattering. We used an aqueous suspension of 20 nm polystyrene latex microspheres and MgCl2 to induce aggregation. The sample was only sheared once for approximately 33 seconds at different times, typically 1 min., 5 min., or 15 min., after the onset of aggregation. The average shear rate was in the range of 0.13 - 3.56 s-1, which was in a laminar regime. The unsheared sample gelled after ca. 45 min. When the sample was sheared soon after the onset of aggregation, the aggregation followed DLCA kinetics to yield = 1.80 ± 0.04 aggregates unaffected by the shear. The gel time also remained the same as the unsheared gel. Shearing at later stages of aggregation shortened the gel time and enhanced the scattered light intensity significantly indicating rapid growth. Then, depending on the shear rate, there were three different behaviors. At high shear rates, the aggregate structure was inhomogeneous after the shear was stopped with a crossover in slope in the scattered light intensity vs. q, to imply hybrid superaggregates with two different fractal dimensions. At intermediate shear rates far from the gel point, there was a similar crossover after the shear was stopped; however, the fractal dimension regained 1.80 ± 0.04 at the gel point. At low shear rates, the aggregation rate was increased, but the aggregate structure was uniform, and the fractal dimension remained 1.75 ± 0.05

Factors associated with body weight status among Iranian students in a Malaysian public university

University students are essential targets for the elevation of healthful lifestyles due to the fact that they help produce findings that can diminish the risks of lifestyle disorders later in life. The weight statuses of these students are believed to be greatly influenced by socio-demographic, lifestyle, dietary and psychological factors. The main aim of this study therefore, was to bring to light the associations between the above-mentioned factors and university students’ weight statuses. The 311 participants of this study were selected through simple random sampling method and the data was collected through a questionnaire comprising 4 sections aimed at identifying the participants’ demographic factors, smoking status, physical activity level, dietary intake, dietary pattern, depression and anxiety levels. The results of the study indicated that there was significant associations between BMI and energy intake (r= 0.281, p =0.000), carbohydrate (r= 0.310, p =0.000), protein (r= 0.208, p=0.000), fat (r= 0.198, p =0.000), western dietary pattern (r = 0.13; p =0.01), physical activity (r= -0.14; p = 0.009), anxiety (r = - 0.15; p ≤ 0.01), age (r = 0.19; p ≤ 0.01),gender (χ2 = 43.03, p=0.001), marital status (χ2 = 8.8, p=0.03) and income level (r =0.22; p ≤ = 0.01) of the students. Multivariate regression analysis for the prediction of body weight status demonstrated that gender, carbohydrate intake, age, physical activity, anxiety, income level, mix dietary pattern and smoking status had significant effects on BMI. In conclusion, the etiology of obesity and overweight is complex and a large number of factors affected BMI including energy intake, physical activity, psychological status, environment, culture and economic status. Investigation of the factors associated with body weight status is a necessary consideration in planning obesity interventions

Evanescent-wave dynamic light scattering at an oil-water interface: Diffusion of interface-adsorbed colloids

A light-scattering goniometer for evanescent-wave dynamic light scattering (EWDLS) measurements at a liquid-fluid interface is introduced, and used for measurements on two charge-stabilized polystyrene colloid systems adsorbed to alkane-water interfaces. The goniometer allows an independent variation of the penetration depth and the scattering vector components parallel and perpendicular to a liquid-fluid interface. The possible illumination geometries are compared. Ellipsometry at the liquid-fluid interface is implemented as a complementary tool. In EWDLS measurements, the absence of diffusive motion perpendicular to the interface is demonstrated, which confirms the adsorption of the particles. The two-step decay of the autocorrelation function is interpreted in terms of diffusion within a two-dimensional interface lattice of colloidal particles, stabilized by repulsive electrostatic interactions, and a desorption process. A significant slowing down of the in-plane diffusion of the colloids as compared to the bulk diffusion is observed

Computer Games and Their Impact on Creativity of Primary Level Students in Tehran

Creativity is about being sensitive to dilemmas, losses, problems, and existing errors, making propositions about and examining such issues, which finally leads to innovative findings. On the other hand, it seems that games are important in this process; since they can improve creativity of the individuals. Thus, this research pays attention to the question that whether computer games affect creativity of students at primary level in schools or not? Moreover, in this study, students of 3 main districts of Tehran municipality were studied. Based on the available data of the ministry, there were 51740 students studying in these three districts. Thus, 381 students were randomly selected as the research sample. Findings revealed that all computer games, i.e. puzzle, intellectual, and enigma, affect creativity of students at primary level in schools to different extents.

Compatibility between Style and Context of Revelation in Some Verses of Al-e Imran

As two pillars of the Qur’anic exegesis, the style and context of revelation have long held the attention of Shiite and Sunni commentators of the Qur’an. Undoubtedly, the context of revelation should be compatible with the style to gain reliability and credence. This paper studies their impact on understanding the Qur’an and compares Al-e Imran’s contexts of revelation in Shiite and Sunni exegeses of the Qur’an to determine their reliability and compatibility with the style. This is a comparative-analytic textological study. If there be compatibility between the context of revelation and style, the commentator would use the context of revelation to understand the Qur’anic verses

Associated functional motor recovery induced by Intracerebroventricular (ICV) microinjection of Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells following brain ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat: Decreased dark neurons and Bax gene expression in the cerebral corte

Objectives Stroke is a situation caused activation of some events leading to neuronal damage and death. The proteins of Bcl-2-family are important in regulation of cell death and life. Bax, as a Bcl-2-interacting protein, is a member of this family which promotes apoptosis and cell death. Some therapeutic approaches have been introduced for the treatment of ischemic brain injury. Neuroprotection is one of the approaches for diminishing neurological deficits. We investigated the effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) on the cortex of the brain in ischemic rats. Methods In this study, we occlude the middle cerebral artery (MCA) for induction of ischemic stroke in the brain. Rats were classified in four groups of Co, Sh, MCAo and MCAo + WJ-MSCs. Single dose of intraventricular microinjection of WJ-MSCs was injected by a Hamilton syringe. For detecting behavioral outcomes in the rats, Neurological examination was carried out. After 21 days, the animals were sacrificed and their brain tissues were removed for histopathological and molecular analysis. Results ICV microinjection of WJ-MSCs significantly prevented apoptosis and cell death compared with MCAo group. A significant reduction in the level of Bax gene expression was observed in the MCAo + WJ-MSCs as group compared with Co, Sh and MCAo groups (P < 0.05). H&E staining showed considerable reduction of dark neurons in MCAo + WJ-MSCs group rather than Co, Sh and MCAo groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions The results of the current study suggest that ICV microinjection of WJ-MSCs had neuroprotective effects on the brain cortex of ischemic rats by reduction of the Bax gene expression level and the number of dark neurons. Keywords Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells, Bax, dark neurons, cortex, strok