La investigación formativa en ciencias empresariales: .Experiencias de investigación formativa POLIPIF

El material propuesto en el libro resume gran parte de la calidad de los trabajos presentados y la evolución en el desarrollo de las capacidades de los estudiantes en un contexto actual, complejo y retador, que refleja la realidad de las organizaciones actuales sobre escenarios estratégicos y manejo de situaciones complejas, para que, cuando lleguen a ser empleados o emprendedores, sepan afrontar cada paso hacia el cambio

Cabbage and fermented vegetables : From death rate heterogeneity in countries to candidates for mitigation strategies of severe COVID-19

Large differences in COVID-19 death rates exist between countries and between regions of the same country. Some very low death rate countries such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, or the Balkans have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods. Although biases exist when examining ecological studies, fermented vegetables or cabbage have been associated with low death rates in European countries. SARS-CoV-2 binds to its receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). As a result of SARS-CoV-2 binding, ACE2 downregulation enhances the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT(1)R) axis associated with oxidative stress. This leads to insulin resistance as well as lung and endothelial damage, two severe outcomes of COVID-19. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is the most potent antioxidant in humans and can block in particular the AT(1)R axis. Cabbage contains precursors of sulforaphane, the most active natural activator of Nrf2. Fermented vegetables contain many lactobacilli, which are also potent Nrf2 activators. Three examples are: kimchi in Korea, westernized foods, and the slum paradox. It is proposed that fermented cabbage is a proof-of-concept of dietary manipulations that may enhance Nrf2-associated antioxidant effects, helpful in mitigating COVID-19 severity.Peer reviewe

Nrf2-interacting nutrients and COVID-19 : time for research to develop adaptation strategies

There are large between- and within-country variations in COVID-19 death rates. Some very low death rate settings such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, the Balkans and Africa have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods whose intake is associated with the activation of the Nrf2 (Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) anti-oxidant transcription factor. There are many Nrf2-interacting nutrients (berberine, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, quercetin, resveratrol, sulforaphane) that all act similarly to reduce insulin resistance, endothelial damage, lung injury and cytokine storm. They also act on the same mechanisms (mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin, PPAR gamma:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, NF kappa B: Nuclear factor kappa B, ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases and eIF2 alpha:Elongation initiation factor 2 alpha). They may as a result be important in mitigating the severity of COVID-19, acting through the endoplasmic reticulum stress or ACE-Angiotensin-II-AT(1)R axis (AT(1)R) pathway. Many Nrf2-interacting nutrients are also interacting with TRPA1 and/or TRPV1. Interestingly, geographical areas with very low COVID-19 mortality are those with the lowest prevalence of obesity (Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia). It is tempting to propose that Nrf2-interacting foods and nutrients can re-balance insulin resistance and have a significant effect on COVID-19 severity. It is therefore possible that the intake of these foods may restore an optimal natural balance for the Nrf2 pathway and may be of interest in the mitigation of COVID-19 severity

Global age-sex-specific mortality, life expectancy, and population estimates in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1950–2021, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Background: Estimates of demographic metrics are crucial to assess levels and trends of population health outcomes. The profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on populations worldwide has underscored the need for timely estimates to understand this unprecedented event within the context of long-term population health trends. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 provides new demographic estimates for 204 countries and territories and 811 additional subnational locations from 1950 to 2021, with a particular emphasis on changes in mortality and life expectancy that occurred during the 2020–21 COVID-19 pandemic period. Methods: 22 223 data sources from vital registration, sample registration, surveys, censuses, and other sources were used to estimate mortality, with a subset of these sources used exclusively to estimate excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic. 2026 data sources were used for population estimation. Additional sources were used to estimate migration; the effects of the HIV epidemic; and demographic discontinuities due to conflicts, famines, natural disasters, and pandemics, which are used as inputs for estimating mortality and population. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate under-5 mortality rates, which synthesised 30 763 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 1365 surveys and censuses, and 80 other sources. ST-GPR was also used to estimate adult mortality (between ages 15 and 59 years) based on information from 31 642 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 355 surveys and censuses, and 24 other sources. Estimates of child and adult mortality rates were then used to generate life tables with a relational model life table system. For countries with large HIV epidemics, life tables were adjusted using independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated via an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys, antenatal clinic serosurveillance, and other data sources. Excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 was determined by subtracting observed all-cause mortality (adjusted for late registration and mortality anomalies) from the mortality expected in the absence of the pandemic. Expected mortality was calculated based on historical trends using an ensemble of models. In location-years where all-cause mortality data were unavailable, we estimated excess mortality rates using a regression model with covariates pertaining to the pandemic. Population size was computed using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model. Life expectancy was calculated using age-specific mortality rates and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were calculated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered values from a 1000-draw posterior distribution. Findings: Global all-cause mortality followed two distinct patterns over the study period: age-standardised mortality rates declined between 1950 and 2019 (a 62·8% [95% UI 60·5–65·1] decline), and increased during the COVID-19 pandemic period (2020–21; 5·1% [0·9–9·6] increase). In contrast with the overall reverse in mortality trends during the pandemic period, child mortality continued to decline, with 4·66 million (3·98–5·50) global deaths in children younger than 5 years in 2021 compared with 5·21 million (4·50–6·01) in 2019. An estimated 131 million (126–137) people died globally from all causes in 2020 and 2021 combined, of which 15·9 million (14·7–17·2) were due to the COVID-19 pandemic (measured by excess mortality, which includes deaths directly due to SARS-CoV-2 infection and those indirectly due to other social, economic, or behavioural changes associated with the pandemic). Excess mortality rates exceeded 150 deaths per 100 000 population during at least one year of the pandemic in 80 countries and territories, whereas 20 nations had a negative excess mortality rate in 2020 or 2021, indicating that all-cause mortality in these countries was lower during the pandemic than expected based on historical trends. Between 1950 and 2021, global life expectancy at birth increased by 22·7 years (20·8–24·8), from 49·0 years (46·7–51·3) to 71·7 years (70·9–72·5). Global life expectancy at birth declined by 1·6 years (1·0–2·2) between 2019 and 2021, reversing historical trends. An increase in life expectancy was only observed in 32 (15·7%) of 204 countries and territories between 2019 and 2021. The global population reached 7·89 billion (7·67–8·13) people in 2021, by which time 56 of 204 countries and territories had peaked and subsequently populations have declined. The largest proportion of population growth between 2020 and 2021 was in sub-Saharan Africa (39·5% [28·4–52·7]) and south Asia (26·3% [9·0–44·7]). From 2000 to 2021, the ratio of the population aged 65 years and older to the population aged younger than 15 years increased in 188 (92·2%) of 204 nations. Interpretation: Global adult mortality rates markedly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021, reversing past decreasing trends, while child mortality rates continued to decline, albeit more slowly than in earlier years. Although COVID-19 had a substantial impact on many demographic indicators during the first 2 years of the pandemic, overall global health progress over the 72 years evaluated has been profound, with considerable improvements in mortality and life expectancy. Additionally, we observed a deceleration of global population growth since 2017, despite steady or increasing growth in lower-income countries, combined with a continued global shift of population age structures towards older ages. These demographic changes will likely present future challenges to health systems, economies, and societies. The comprehensive demographic estimates reported here will enable researchers, policy makers, health practitioners, and other key stakeholders to better understand and address the profound changes that have occurred in the global health landscape following the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, and longer-term trends beyond the pandemic

Early mobilisation in critically ill COVID-19 patients: a subanalysis of the ESICM-initiated UNITE-COVID observational study

Background Early mobilisation (EM) is an intervention that may improve the outcome of critically ill patients. There is limited data on EM in COVID-19 patients and its use during the first pandemic wave. Methods This is a pre-planned subanalysis of the ESICM UNITE-COVID, an international multicenter observational study involving critically ill COVID-19 patients in the ICU between February 15th and May 15th, 2020. We analysed variables associated with the initiation of EM (within 72 h of ICU admission) and explored the impact of EM on mortality, ICU and hospital length of stay, as well as discharge location. Statistical analyses were done using (generalised) linear mixed-effect models and ANOVAs. Results Mobilisation data from 4190 patients from 280 ICUs in 45 countries were analysed. 1114 (26.6%) of these patients received mobilisation within 72 h after ICU admission; 3076 (73.4%) did not. In our analysis of factors associated with EM, mechanical ventilation at admission (OR 0.29; 95% CI 0.25, 0.35; p = 0.001), higher age (OR 0.99; 95% CI 0.98, 1.00; p ≤ 0.001), pre-existing asthma (OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.73, 0.98; p = 0.028), and pre-existing kidney disease (OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.71, 0.99; p = 0.036) were negatively associated with the initiation of EM. EM was associated with a higher chance of being discharged home (OR 1.31; 95% CI 1.08, 1.58; p = 0.007) but was not associated with length of stay in ICU (adj. difference 0.91 days; 95% CI − 0.47, 1.37, p = 0.34) and hospital (adj. difference 1.4 days; 95% CI − 0.62, 2.35, p = 0.24) or mortality (OR 0.88; 95% CI 0.7, 1.09, p = 0.24) when adjusted for covariates. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that a quarter of COVID-19 patients received EM. There was no association found between EM in COVID-19 patients' ICU and hospital length of stay or mortality. However, EM in COVID-19 patients was associated with increased odds of being discharged home rather than to a care facility. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04836065 (retrospectively registered April 8th 2021)

Convocatoria con fines educativos. Observar/nos, escuchar/nos, evocar/nos. Nos cambió la historia y nosotros, ¿en qué cambiamos? La educación a partir de la COVID-19

Fil: Ferreyra, Horacio Ademar. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Educación; ArgentinaFil: Di Francesco, Adriana Carlota. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Educación; Argentin

Simposio Internacional de Investigación Educativa y Pedagógica

El 4º. Simposio Internacional de Investigación Educativa y Pedagógica de la Red SUE Caribe, es un encuentro que reúne periódicamente a académicos nacionales y extranjeros de reconocida presencia y trayectoria, a estudiantes de maestría y doctorado y a maestros investigadores, que se concentran durante las jornadas agendadas del evento. Se constituye así un escenario propicio para la socialización de resultados de investigación, la reflexión y el debate alrededor de asuntos actuales en educación, pedagogía, psicología del aprendizaje, sobre las didácticas emergentes tecnología aplicada a la gestión de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje y en relación con el desarrollo humano y social.Presentación 12Líneas temáticas por mesas de trabajo 14Mesa 1. Didáctica, Mediación pedagógica y tecnologías en contextos vulnerables 15Percepciones sobre la influencia de un programa apoyado en TIC en relación con las prácticas de actividad física y deportiva de estudiantes de la Institución Educativa Rancho Grande de Montería. María Julia Caldera Quintero - Yina Paola Pérez Siyag 16Aplicación de estrategias cognitivas y metacognitivas en el uso del castellano escrito en estudiantes con discapacidad auditiva. Mercedes del Carmen Pico Aycardi 18Aprendizaje colaborativo con ambientes de liderazgo en el desarrollo del componente geométrico métrico. Lenis Judith Sierra Llorente – Juana Raquel Robles González 20Escenario de construcción conjunta del conocimiento mediado por las TIC en el área de filosofía en la Institución Educativa Normal Superior de Sahagún-Córdoba. Dayro Ruiz Araujo - Andrés Mercado Herazo 22Programa de formación docente para el mejoramiento de la lectura crítica de estudiantes de pregrado: una intervención formativa con docentes de la Universidad de Córdoba. Ibeth Morales Escobar – Arnaldo Peinado Méndez - Sonia Jerez Rodríguez 24Las prácticas de enseñanza. Un estudio interpretativo en las instituciones de la subregión sabanas del Departamento de Sucre, Colombia. Edy Luz Castro De Rodríguez 26Modelos pedagógicos y factores identitarios en las prácticas de enseñanza en contextos emergentes. Adriana Cristina Pérez Aguilar 28Rol del tutor durante los diálogos de reflexión desarrollados con futuros docentes mediatizados con video. Ceferina Cabrera Félix - Jesús Salcedo –Martha Serrata Taveras 30Desarrollo del pensamiento aleatorio a través de la utilización de un entorno virtual de aprendizaje en estudiantes de básica secundaria. Anny Leidys Valero Peña – Francisco Antonio Avilez Aguas – Juana Raquel Robles González 32Efectos de un programa de géneros textuales y la incidencia de factores sociodemográficos en los desempeños de lectura crítica. Diana Arroyo -Tatiana Becerra Posada – Antonio Oviedo Acosta 34El conocimiento glocal para alentar la confianza al hablar inglés: investigación-acción en una secundaria de Cartagena. Maryuris Vanessa Pérez Salcedo 36Los textos multimodales una estrategia didáctica para la inclusión educativa. Maura Paola Hoyos Carvajal - María Fernanda Martínez Garcés - Ludwig Isabel Segura Bermúdez 38Didáctica Ecoformadora para el desarrollo de la comprensión lectora de una lengua extranjera. Zaily Patricia Del Toro García 40Desarrollo de la competencia científica “indagación” a partir de la vivencia filosófica en los educandos de Básica Primaria. Un análisis desde sus fundamentos teóricos. Dina Villar Ortega - Nataly López Conde 42La estrategia metacognitiva y didáctica “Bitácora MAP” para el desarrollo del aprendizaje significativo en ciencias naturales en estudiantes del Alto San Jorge- Córdoba. Diana Sofía Blanquicet Arrieta - José Pantaleón Barrera Sierra 44Las concepciones del currículo y las prácticas curriculares de los docentes. Una revisión sistemática de literatura. Brianda Isabel Vergara Ibarra - Yisenia Lucía Vergara Vergara 46Implementación de metodologías activas en el fortalecimiento de competencias comunicativas en escenarios vulnerables. Liana Álvarez Cantero – José Antonio Sánchez Sánchez 48Estrategia pedagógica discursiva interactiva para el mejoramiento de la comprensión textual de estudiantes de básica primaria. Osvaldo Enrique Manjarrez Villalba - Ibeth Del Rosario Morales Escobar 50Proyecto pedagógico para mejorar la lectoescritura en los estudiantes de grado 5º aula multigrado. Miriam Albán Villarreal – María Dorila Díaz Valentierra 52La Oratoria como escenario pedagógico para el desarrollo de habilidades de pensamiento crítico: una apuesta en la virtualidad. María Andrea Baquero Escobar – Rudy Doria Correa 54Mesa 2. Pedagogía social, ética y desarrollo humano 56Prácticas discursivas en torno a la enseñanza de la Educación Religiosa: una perspectiva desde el educando. Cetty Carlos Benjumea Loaiza - Jesús Andrés Vélez Vélez 57Transversalidad de la formación en valores en las prácticas de enseñanza de docentes de básica secundaria en la institución etnoeducativa Los Córdobas. Emilio Elis Cogollo – Ezequías Balaguera Ortiz 59Mediaciones pedagógicas para el fortalecimiento de la convivencia escolar entre estudiantes, una revisión en el contexto educativo hispano parlante. Jesús Alberto Peñaranda Bastidas – José Tomas Fragozo Soto – Miladys Paola Redondo Marin 61La mediación como estrategia de convivencia escolar en la Institución Educativa Técnica Agropecuaria La Buena Esperanza del municipio de Turbaco – Bolívar. Cinthya Inés Martínez Mendoza 63Formación de maestros educadores para la paz desde la didáctica del conflicto para la inclusión educativa. Dilia Elena Mejía Rodríguez – Liris Múnera Cavadía 65Educación en derechos humanos desde el reconocimiento y humanismo del otro. Ledys Alcira Arrieta Perez – María Alejandra Taborda Caro 67Educación para la convivencia y la paz: Una mirada crítica desde la intervención docente. Decired Ojeda Pertuz 69El clima escolar en el diseño curricular: Una perspectiva que favorece la enseñanza - aprendizaje en instituciones educativas rurales de Cartagena de Indias, Colombia. Neisa del Carmen Gómez Diaz - Alexander Javier Montes Miranda 71La danza folclórica cómo satisfactor sinérgico de necesidades humanas en los estudiantes del grupo de danzas folclóricas sede Montería de la Universidad de Córdoba. Elaine Patricia Parra Martínez - Fernando De La Espriella Arenas 73La música, una estrategia didáctica para el fortalecimiento de las competencias ciudadanas. Marta Guerra Muñoz – Rosa Beatriz Gómez -Yamira Rodríguez 74Convivencia escolar desde la pedagogía de paz: estrategia didáctica a través de la lúdica. Hna. Olga Lucia Canchila Salcedo - Martha Pacheco Lora 76Mesa 3. Innovación educativa y pedagógica 78Mesa 3. Innovación educativa y pedagógica 78Objetos virtuales de aprendizaje para la formación profesional: una mirada desde los estudiantes de la Universidad del Atlántico. Mirna Patricia Bernal Martínez - Roberto Enrique Figueroa Molina - Melba Rosa Cuadrado Galán 80Las apuestas investigativas y el desarrollo profesional de los egresados de la Maestría en Educación SUE Caribe Universidad de Cartagena. Nadia Mallarino Miranda – Katia Martínez Morad 82Investigación y desarrollo profesional de los egresados de la Maestría en Educación SUE Caribe. Universidad de Cartagena, 2006-2018. Clara Inés Sagre Hernández 84Aprendizaje Invertido: autoinstrucción, evaluación formativa y desempeños de comprensión. Esteban Rodríguez Garrido 86Transformación de la praxis docente durante un programa de formación en Pedagogía de Géneros Textuales para la enseñanza de la lectura crítica. José David Herazo Rivera – Paula García Montes - Pedro Guerra Meza 88Estrategias didácticas basadas en laboratorios virtuales y presenciales en el aprendizaje de las leyes de Newton. Alberto Iriarte Pupo – Yessica Ortega Pérez - Lizeth Estrada Soto 90Impacto del uso de la estrategia "Leo y argumento" para el desarrollo de las habilidades del pensamiento crítico. Dairo de Jesus Bustamante de Hoyos – Paulo Emilio Fúnez Chávez 92Impacto de la mediación pedagógica virtual como contingencia ante situación de pandemia Covid-19 en la Institución de Educación Superior ITFIP. Mauren Andrés Guayara Ramírez - Luis Antonio Herrán Cardoso -Jimmy Alexander Vergara Rodríguez 94Origem da Escola Doméstica Dona Júlia e a influência do Grêmio Literário Júlia Lopes De Almeida no proceso implementação da instituição em Cuiabá/MT (1946-1947). Gabriella Moura da Silva – Nilce Vieira Campos Ferreira 96Uso de Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) por docentes de educación primaria en atención a estudiantes en confinamiento por pandemia. Leida de la Rosa Rosa 98Resignificación de la praxis educativa para favorecer la competencia lectora desde la sistematización de experiencias docentes. Elia Marina Santuario Rada - Jorge Carlos Peinado Ballesteros 100Relación entre competencias mediáticas y saberes digitales en la formación de maestros. Claudia Saavedra - Dijibath Matallana Rodríguez – Karen Medina Jaime 102Las concepciones de evaluación de los docentes de ciencias naturales. Gina Violeta Verbel González 104Estrategias para la mejora del aprendizaje autónomo del alumnado de la Licenciatura en Educación Física. Sandy Portorreal - Atlas Osiris Sosa - Rudy Gilberto López 106Escuelas Normales: Instituciones formadoras de profesoras rurales en Cundinamarca 1950-1970. Nataly Rojas - Nilce Vieira Campos Ferreira 108Perspectivas teóricas del liderazgo escolar: una resignificación pedagógica del liderazgo transformacional y su contribución a la calidad educativa. Amalfi Rosales - Alexander Montes - Vladimir Figueroa Gutiérrez 110Gestión de prácticas educativas innovadoras desde un enfoque educativo STEM+A. Arnovis Alemán - Rainer Villarreal Contreras – Daniel Salas Álvarez 112La investigación, un camino para la transformación de las prácticas pedagógicas. Belkis Vergara Pérez 113Processo Histórico De Denominação Da Escola Estadual Da Polícia Militar “Tiradentes”. Junior Cézar Lopes dos Santos – Nilce Vieira Campos Ferreira 115Modelos de mediación para el análisis de datos educativos: Más allá de los modelos cuantitativos típicamente usados en las tesis de postgrado en Educación en Colombia. Claudia Patricia Ovalle Ramirez 117Mesa 4. Perspectivas neurocientíficas y abordajes psicosociales contemporáneos en educación 119Análisis de la relación entre inteligencia emocional y estrategias de afrontamiento en situaciones de acoso y cyberbullyng en universitarios. María Fernanda Méndez Losada - Isabel Alicia Sierra Pineda 121Emoción y academia: historias no contadas de las estancias doctorales. Harold Castañeda Peña - Pilar Méndez - Carmen Helena Guerrero 123La conciencia fonológica en la enseñanza de la lectura en estudiantes de grado primero de la Institución Educativa Santa María Goretti en Montería. María Victoria González Zapa 125Estrategias educativas para promover competencias socioemocionales en los estudiantes articulando procesos pedagógicos y evaluativos. Becky Román Pérez 127La competencia docente de análisis de idoneidad didáctica en futuros profesores de matemáticas al planificar la enseñanza. Juan Alberto Barboza Rodríguez - Walter Fernando Castro Gordillo 129Pensamiento pedagógico en la Educación Superior del departamento de Córdoba 1951-2019. Carolina Castellanos Ramos 131Concepciones y Creencias de futuros profesores de matemáticas sobre la enseñanza y evaluación al planificar clases en el componente geométrico métrico. José Luis Acosta Pérez - Juan Alberto Barboza Rodríguez 133Comprensión de la incidencia formativa de un grupo de maestros de Ciencias Sociales a través de narrativas biográficas en el departamento de Córdoba. María Andrea Acosta García - Daniel David Chimá Arroyo 135Percepciones de los docentes de una institución privada de Montería, sobre la implementación del modelo pedagógico institucional, incluyendo sus prácticas de aula. Keila Paola Ramos Buelvas 137Indagación narrativa de la identidad profesional del docente de Tecnología e Informática: Tensiones y reflexiones en la construcción cotidiana del currículo. Atahualpa Villadiego Alvarez 139Autopercepción de los docentes sobre neurociencia y transferencia a la didáctica de las ciencias: un estudio fenomenográfico. Claudia Patricia Mercado Aguado - Isabel Alicia Sierra Pineda 140Mesa 5. Multiculturalidad, diversidad y educación inclusiva 142Formación inclusiva: concepciones y prácticas pedagógicas en docentes de educación superior. Roberto Figueroa Molina – Mirna Patricia Bernal Martínez - Roberto Thorné Torné 144La Escuela: Un lugar en la cartografía y en los imaginarios de las Ciencias Sociales. Daniel Antonio Pérez Cerro – Luis Alfredo González Monroy – Iván Manuel Sánchez Fontalvo 146Lineamientos para incorporar la política de inclusión social en los planes de acción del plan de desarrollo en el municipio de El Charco de Nariño. Aura Pérez Caicedo - Delia De la Hoz – Robinson Rafael Peña Almeida 148Inclusión de estudiantes en situación de discapacidad en una Institución Educativa: visiones desde la ruralidad. Leidy Sofía Peñata Doria 150Percepciones sobre la discapacidad física en las clases de educación física en Montería. Heider Ramiro Díaz Better - Cleiber Eusse López 152Framework basado en gestión de conocimiento para la salvaguarda de la lengua embera. Ernesto Llerena García – Manuel Caro Piñeres 154Educación inclusiva: una oportunidad para la transformación de la escuela rural. Liliana María Escobar Guerra - Isabel Hernández Arteaga – Henry David Uribe Londoño 156Ciudadanía Planetaria. Una mirada desde la multiculturalidad y la interculturalidad. Milton Fabián Badel Gómez 158Nivel de apropiación de la Competencia Tic e Intercultural en docentes de básica primaria del departamento del Atlántico. Nathaly Sofía Daza Morales 160El sistema pictográfico como medio para fomentar la comunicación de estudiantes con Síndrome de Down en el entorno escolar. Evis Danith Ariza Jiménez 162Literatura infantil y deporte inclusivo: estrategias didácticas para fomentar la inclusión, el respeto a la diferencia y a la diversidad en la educación infantil. Jesús Kerguelén - Luisa Fernanda Llorente Vergara - Luis Pacheco Lora 164Modelos de enseñanza de los docentes de música Vallenata en la Facultad de Bella Artes, Universidad Popular del Cesar. Juan De La Rosa López – Camilo Andrés Andrade Guerra – Martha Guerra Muñoz 166Enseñando fracciones desde un aula inclusiva: fracciones para no fraccionarnos. Silvia Madera - Nasly Ruíz – Ángel Viloria - Heidy Esperanza Gordillo 168Escenarios para la apropiación patrimonial con tecnologías digitales en Santa Cruz de Lorica. Jacob Vargas Arteaga 1701 Edició

Clinical and organizational factors associated with mortality during the peak of first COVID-19 wave : the global UNITE-COVID study

Purpose To accommodate the unprecedented number of critically ill patients with pneumonia caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) expansion of the capacity of intensive care unit (ICU) to clinical areas not previously used for critical care was necessary. We describe the global burden of COVID-19 admissions and the clinical and organizational characteristics associated with outcomes in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Methods Multicenter, international, point prevalence study, including adult patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a diagnosis of COVID-19 admitted to ICU between February 15th and May 15th, 2020. Results 4994 patients from 280 ICUs in 46 countries were included. Included ICUs increased their total capacity from 4931 to 7630 beds, deploying personnel from other areas. Overall, 1986 (39.8%) patients were admitted to surge capacity beds. Invasive ventilation at admission was present in 2325 (46.5%) patients and was required during ICU stay in 85.8% of patients. 60-day mortality was 33.9% (IQR across units: 20%-50%) and ICU mortality 32.7%. Older age, invasive mechanical ventilation, and acute kidney injury (AKI) were associated with increased mortality. These associations were also confirmed specifically in mechanically ventilated patients. Admission to surge capacity beds was not associated with mortality, even after controlling for other factors. Conclusions ICUs responded to the increase in COVID-19 patients by increasing bed availability and staff, admitting up to 40% of patients in surge capacity beds. Although mortality in this population was high, admission to a surge capacity bed was not associated with increased mortality. Older age, invasive mechanical ventilation, and AKI were identified as the strongest predictors of mortality

Number of Hajj Pilgrims Departured(1) to the Holyland of Mecca by Province, 2012–2015

The azimuthal asymmetry in the risetime of signals in Auger surface detector stations is a source of information on shower development. The azimuthal asymmetry is due to a combination of the longitudinal evolution of the shower and geometrical effects related to the angles of incidence of the particles into the detectors. The magnitude of the effect depends upon the zenith angle and state of development of the shower and thus provides a novel observable, (secθ)max, sensitive to the mass composition of cosmic rays above 3×1018 eV. By comparing measurements with predictions from shower simulations, we find for both of our adopted models of hadronic physics (QGSJETII-04 and EPOS-LHC) an indication that the mean cosmic-ray mass increases slowly with energy, as has been inferred from other studies. However, the mass estimates are dependent on the shower model and on the range of distance from the shower core selected. Thus the method has uncovered further deficiencies in our understanding of shower modeling that must be resolved before the mass composition can be inferred from (secθ)max