Structural Routability of n-Pairs Information Networks

Information does not generally behave like a conservative fluid flow in communication networks with multiple sources and sinks. However, it is often conceptually and practically useful to be able to associate separate data streams with each source-sink pair, with only routing and no coding performed at the network nodes. This raises the question of whether there is a nontrivial class of network topologies for which achievability is always equivalent to routability, for any combination of source signals and positive channel capacities. This chapter considers possibly cyclic, directed, errorless networks with n source-sink pairs and mutually independent source signals. The concept of downward dominance is introduced and it is shown that, if the network topology is downward dominated, then the achievability of a given combination of source signals and channel capacities implies the existence of a feasible multicommodity flow.Comment: The final publication is available at link.springer.com http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-02150-8_

All Inequalities for the Relative Entropy

The relative entropy of two n-party quantum states is an important quantity exhibiting, for example, the extent to which the two states are different. The relative entropy of the states formed by reducing two n-party to a smaller number $m$ of parties is always less than or equal to the relative entropy of the two original n-party states. This is the monotonicity of relative entropy. Using techniques from convex geometry, we prove that monotonicity under restrictions is the only general inequality satisfied by relative entropies. In doing so we make a connection to secret sharing schemes with general access structures. A suprising outcome is that the structure of allowed relative entropy values of subsets of multiparty states is much simpler than the structure of allowed entropy values. And the structure of allowed relative entropy values (unlike that of entropies) is the same for classical probability distributions and quantum states.Comment: 15 pages, 3 embedded eps figure

Clustering dynamics of Lagrangian tracers in free-surface flows

We study the formation of clusters of passive Lagrangian tracers in a non-smooth turbulent flow in a flat free-slip surface as a model for particle dynamics on free surfaces. Single particle and pair dispersion show different behavior for short and large times: on short times particles cluster exponentially rapidly until patches of the size of the divergence correlation length are depleted; on larger times the pair dispersion is dominated by almost ballistic hopping between clusters. We also find that the distribution of particle density is close to algebraic and can trace this back to the exponential distribution of the divergence field of the surface flow.Comment: 5 pages, 5 Postscript figure

SJS/TEN 2019: From Science to Translation

Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) are potentially life-threatening, immune-mediated adverse reactions characterized by widespread erythema, epidermal necrosis, and detachment of skin and mucosa. Efforts to grow and develop functional international collaborations and a multidisciplinary interactive network focusing on SJS/TEN as an uncommon but high burden disease will be necessary to improve efforts in prevention, early diagnosis and improved acute and long-term management. SJS/TEN 2019: From Science to Translation was a 1.5-day scientific program held April 26-27, 2019, in Vancouver, Canada. The meeting successfully engaged clinicians, researchers, and patients and conducted many productive discussions on research and patient care needs

Scholarly publishing depends on peer reviewers

The peer-review crisis is posing a risk to the scholarly peer-reviewed journal system. Journals have to ask many potential peer reviewers to obtain a minimum acceptable number of peers accepting reviewing a manuscript. Several solutions have been suggested to overcome this shortage. From reimbursing for the job, to eliminating pre-publication reviews, one cannot predict which is more dangerous for the future of scholarly publishing. And, why not acknowledging their contribution to the final version of the article published? PubMed created two categories of contributors: authors [AU] and collaborators [IR]. Why not a third category for the peer-reviewer?Scopu

Open data from the third observing run of LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA, and GEO

The global network of gravitational-wave observatories now includes five detectors, namely LIGO Hanford, LIGO Livingston, Virgo, KAGRA, and GEO 600. These detectors collected data during their third observing run, O3, composed of three phases: O3a starting in 2019 April and lasting six months, O3b starting in 2019 November and lasting five months, and O3GK starting in 2020 April and lasting two weeks. In this paper we describe these data and various other science products that can be freely accessed through the Gravitational Wave Open Science Center at https://gwosc.org. The main data set, consisting of the gravitational-wave strain time series that contains the astrophysical signals, is released together with supporting data useful for their analysis and documentation, tutorials, as well as analysis software packages

Solving matrix diophantine equations by inverting a square nonsingular system of equations

A method for solving the Diophantine equation using or a nonsingular matrix equation system is proposed in this note. A scheme of setting up a system with the same number of variables as equations is described. An analytical approach to ensure the invertibility of the system formed is given. Examples presented show the simplicity of the method

Assessment of the quality of patient-orientated internet information on surgery for ulcerative colitis

Aim The study examines the quality of websites that provide information on ulcerative colitis, including treatment options and surgery. Method Two search engines (Google and Yahoo) and the search terms \u201csurgery for ulcerative colitis\u201d were used. The first 50 sites of each were assessed. Sites were evaluated for content and scored using the DISCERN instrument, which evaluates the quality of health information on treatment choices. Results One hundred sites were examined, of which 14 were duplicates. Of the remainder 58 provided patient orientated information for adults, and one site provided information for surgery in children. The other 27 sites included six scientific articles, three blogs, three links, six resources for clinicians, five fora, two video links and two dead links. Of the 58 websites that provided patient information for adults, only 26 (44.8%) had been updated within the last two years. Only 13/58 (22.4%) were affiliated to hospitals and clinics. Most sites (38/58, 65.5%) were associated with private companies with commercial interests. Although most websites contained information on symptoms and treatment options of ulcerative colitis, 37 (63.8%) did not describe any of the risks of surgery. Overall, only seven (12.1%) were identified as being \u201cgood\u201d or \u201cexcellent\u201d using the DISCERN criteria. Conclusion The quality of patient information on surgery for ulcerative colitis is highly variable. There is potential for internet provision of valuable information and clinicians should guide patients to access high quality websites