1,423 research outputs found
Phase Synchronization and Polarization Ordering of Globally-Coupled Oscillators
We introduce a prototype model for globally-coupled oscillators in which each
element is given an oscillation frequency and a preferential oscillation
direction (polarization), both randomly distributed. We found two collective
transitions: to phase synchronization and to polarization ordering. Introducing
a global-phase and a polarization order parameters, we show that the transition
to global-phase synchrony is found when the coupling overcomes a critical value
and that polarization order enhancement can not take place before global-phase
synchrony. We develop a self-consistent theory to determine both order
parameters in good agreement with numerical results
Divergent Time Scale in Axelrod Model Dynamics
We study the evolution of the Axelrod model for cultural diversity. We
consider a simple version of the model in which each individual is
characterized by two features, each of which can assume q possibilities. Within
a mean-field description, we find a transition at a critical value q_c between
an active state of diversity and a frozen state. For q just below q_c, the
density of active links between interaction partners is non-monotonic in time
and the asymptotic approach to the steady state is controlled by a time scale
that diverges as (q-q_c)^{-1/2}.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, 2-column revtex4 forma
Determinación de vitaminas del Complejo B en Arthrospira maxima por cromatografía líquida de alta resolución
Se diseñan dos métodos para la extracción de las vitaminas del complejo B en muestras de Arthrospira maximacubana. Para la determinación, se emplea un sistema HPLC formado por una columna de octadecilsilano y fasesmóviles de metanol - agua - ácido fosfórico 0.1 mol/L (20:79.5:0.5) para el análisis de la cianocobalamina y (30:69.5:0.5)para el resto de las vitaminas, empleando hexanosulfonato sódico 5 mM en ambos casos. Las velocidades de flujoson de 1 y 0.8 mL/min respectivamente. La determinación se realiza a 362 y 270 nm. Se observó que la Arthrospiramaxima cultivada en Cuba constituye una rica fuente de vitaminas del grupo B presentando un contenido promediode 3.1 mg/10g de tiamina, 4.0 mg/10g de riboflavina, 9.0 mg/10g de piridoxina, 0.29 mg/10g de cianocobalamina, 21mg/10g de ácido nicotínico y 26 mg/10g de nicotinamida
Conservation laws for the voter model in complex networks
We consider the voter model dynamics in random networks with an arbitrary
distribution of the degree of the nodes. We find that for the usual node-update
dynamics the average magnetization is not conserved, while an average
magnetization weighted by the degree of the node is conserved. However, for a
link-update dynamics the average magnetization is still conserved. For the
particular case of a Barabasi-Albert scale-free network the voter model
dynamics leads to a partially ordered metastable state with a finite size
survival time. This characteristic time scales linearly with system size only
when the updating rule respects the conservation law of the average
magnetization. This scaling identifies a universal or generic property of the
voter model dynamics associated with the conservation law of the magnetization.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures; for related material please visit
http://www.imedea.uib.e
Resonance induced by repulsive interactions in a model of globally-coupled bistable systems
We show the existence of a competition-induced resonance effect for a generic
globally coupled bistable system. In particular, we demonstrate that the
response of the macroscopic variable to an external signal is optimal for a
particular proportion of repulsive links. Furthermore, we show that a resonance
also occurs for other system parameters, like the coupling strength and the
number of elements. We relate this resonance to the appearance of a multistable
region, and we predict the location of the resonance peaks, by a simple
spectral analysis of the Laplacian matrix
Growing pains: can family policies revert the decline of fertility in Spain?
This article aims to analyze the capability of family policies to reverse the sharp decline in fertility that has been observed in
Spain in recent decades. The analysis was carried out by applying two mathematical techniques: the genetic algorithm and
the strategic scenarios. Firstly, a mathematical model was designed and validated adjusting the combined performance of
fertility and family policies during the 2008–2019 period. Subsequently, this model was applied to the future (2020–2060)
to extrapolate the evolution of fertility considering different models of family policies. The results demonstrate that a
model of family policies that is coherent with other socially desirable objectives, such as gender and social equality, will be
insufficient to reverse the current downward trend in fertility. Therefore, these outcomes point to the need to articulate
and harmonize diverse public policies considering the principles of equality and well‐being to modify the recent decline in
fertility. An increase in fertility must therefore be identified as a socially desirable goal and public policies must be adapted
to this objective, in the understanding that fertility not only requires family policies but also their coherence with the
employment and educational policies and work–life balance mechanisms offered by public institutions.This study was conducted under the competitive
research project Problemas no Lineales en Ciencias
Naturales y Ciencias Sociales (Nonlinear Problems
in Natural Sciences and Social Sciences; PID2020-
112517GB-I00), funded by the Spanish Ministry of
Sciences and Innovation. It was also supported by the
Department of Social Analysis of the Carlos III University
of Madrid
Nonlinear oscillator with parametric colored noise: some analytical results
The asymptotic behavior of a nonlinear oscillator subject to a multiplicative
Ornstein-Uhlenbeck noise is investigated. When the dynamics is expressed in
terms of energy-angle coordinates, it is observed that the angle is a fast
variable as compared to the energy. Thus, an effective stochastic dynamics for
the energy can be derived if the angular variable is averaged out. However, the
standard elimination procedure, performed earlier for a Gaussian white noise,
fails when the noise is colored because of correlations between the noise and
the fast angular variable. We develop here a specific averaging scheme that
retains these correlations. This allows us to calculate the probability
distribution function (P.D.F.) of the system and to derive the behavior of
physical observables in the long time limit
Selfsimilar Domain Growth, Localized Structures and Labyrinthine Patterns in Vectorial Kerr Resonators
We study domain growth in a nonlinear optical system useful to explore
different scenarios that might occur in systems which do not relax to
thermodynamic equilibrium. Domains correspond to equivalent states of different
circular polarization of light. We describe three dynamical regimes: a
coarsening regime in which dynamical scaling holds with a growth law dictated
by curvature effects, a regime in which localized structures form, and a regime
in which polarization domain walls are modulationally unstable and the system
freezes in a labyrinthine pattern.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figure
In situ growth of Ag nanoparticles on alpha-Ag2WO4 under electron irradiation: probing the physical principles
Exploiting the plasmonic behavior of Ag nanoparticles grown on α-Ag2WO4 is a widely employed strategy to produce efficient photocatalysts, ozone sensors, and bactericides. However, a description of the atomic and electronic structure of the semiconductor sites irradiated by electrons is still not available. Such a description is of great importance to understand the mechanisms underlying these physical processes and to improve the design of silver nanoparticles to enhance their activities. Motivated by this, we studied the growth of silver nanoparticles to investigate this novel class of phenomena using both transmission electron microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. A theoretical framework based on density functional theory calculations (DFT), together with experimental analysis and measurements, were developed to examine the changes in the local geometrical and electronic structure of the materials. The physical principles for the formation of Ag nanoparticles on α-Ag2WO4 by electron beam irradiation are described. Quantum mechanical calculations based on DFT show that the (001) of α-Ag2WO4 displays Ag atoms with different coordination numbers. Some of them are able to diffuse out of the surface with a very low energy barrier (less than 0.1 eV), thus, initiating the growth of metallic Ag nanostructures and leaving Ag vacancies in the bulk material. These processes increase the structural disorder of α-Ag2WO4 as well as its electrical resistance as observed in the experimental measurements.The authors are grateful to Generalitat Valenciana (Spain) for
PrometeoII/2014/022 and ACOMP/2014/270 projects,
Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (Spain),
CTQ2012-36253-C03-02, and to the Spanish Brazilian Program
(PHB2009-0065-PC), CAPES (203038 009607/2013-
56 088/2013), INCTMN (2008/57872-1), FAPESP (2013/
07296-2; 2012/14468-1; 2010/16970-0) and CNPq
(147001/2013-7; 573636/2008-7) for financially supporting
this research. Most of the calculations were performed using
IFGW-UNICAMP computer facilities and the National Center
for High Performance Computing in São Paulo (CENAPAD-
SP)
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