Unternehmensreaktionen auf Länderrisiko-Erhöhungen: Eine Fallstudienuntersuchung aus der Perspektive österreichischer Tochtergesellschaften in der Russischen Föderation

Die vorliegende Doktorarbeit hat zum Ziel, die Entwicklung der länderspezifischen Investitionsrahmenbedingungen eines von immer noch andauernden Sanktionen erschütterten Landes, das a priori als hoch riskant eingestuft wird, zu erforschen. Im Rahmen einer vertieften Literaturanalyse und einer zweiteiligen empirischen Fallstudienuntersuchung wird aufgezeigt, welche länderspezifischen Aspekte von der Eskalation des geopolitischen Konfliktes zwischen der Russischen Föderation und der Ukraine betroffen waren und wie ausgewählte österreichische Unternehmen mit Tochtergesellschaften dort mit der angespannten Marktsituation zurechtgekommen sind. Die einleitende Literaturanalyse beginnt mit der begrifflichen Einordnung des zentralen Terminus Länderrisiko i.w.S. samt seinen Bestimmungsfaktoren und Beurteilungsmethoden, sowie auch mit der Fokuslegung auf die bestimmte ausländische Marktbearbeitungsform FDI. Die Präsentation der Erkenntnisse über die Wechselwirkung zwischen Länderrisiko i.w.S. und FDI stellt eine theoretische Einleitung für die durchgeführte Fallstudienanalyse dar. Um zum Verständnis der Russischen Föderation als Investitionsstandort zu verhelfen, wird das Land mit seinen spezifischen FDI-Rahmenbedingungen und seinem Investitionsvolumen abgebildet. Im empirischen Teil werden mittels der qualitativen Forschungsmethode Fallstudienuntersuchung eine unterstützende und eine zentrale Forschungsfrage beantwortet. Anhand einer Datentriangulation wurden insgesamt 1.785 archivierte Unternehmensdokumente und zusätzlich noch vier individuell gestaltete schriftliche Experteninterviews einer zweiteiligen Dokumentenanalyse unterzogen. Mit Hilfe der deutschen QDA-Programms Atlas.ti wurden für jedes einzelne Unternehmen insgesamt sechs getrennten „Within Case“Analysen und für jede Unternehmensgruppe drei „Cross Case“-Analysen durchgeführt. In Bezug auf die unterstützende Forschungsfrage wurde belegt, dass die Erhöhung des Länderrisikos eine negative Auswirkung auf die politische, wirtschaftliche, währungsbedingte und sozio-kulturelle Komponente des Länderrisikos i.w.S. hat. Im Zuge der Beantwortung der zentralen Forschungsfrage wurde eindeutig schlussgefolgert, dass erhöhtes Länderrisiko finanzielle Verluste in den ausländischen Tochtergesellschaften verursacht. Personalkürzungen, Verschiebungen bzw. Stornierungen geplanter Projekte/ Aufträge, Schließungen von Filialen, etc. stellen weitere empirische Erkenntnisse dar, um das erhöhte Länderrisiko der Russischen Föderation zu überwinden

Anomalous Quantum Hall Effect on Sphere

We study the anomalous quantum Hall effect exhibited by the relativistic particles living on two-sphere S^2 and submitted to a magnetic monopole. We start by establishing a direct connection between the Dirac and Landau operators through the Pauli--Schr\"odinger Hamiltonian H_{s}^{SP}. This will be helpful in the sense that the Dirac eigenvalues and eigenfunctions will be easily derived. In analyzing H_{s}^{SP} spectrum, we show that there is a composite fermion nature supported by the presence of two effective magnetic fields. For the lowest Landau level, we argue that the basic physics of graphene is similar to that of two-dimensional electron gas, which is in agreement with the planar limit. For the higher Landau levels, we propose a SU(N) wavefunction for different filling factors that captures all symmetries. Focusing on the graphene case, i.e. N=4, we give different configurations those allowed to recover some known results.Comment: 23 pages, clarifications, references added, misprints corrected. Version to appear in NP

The stability of the fractional quantum Hall effect in topological insulators

With the recent observation of graphene-like Landau levels at the surface of topological insulators, the possibility of fractional quantum Hall effect, which is a fundamental signature of strong correlations, has become of interest. Some experiments have reported intra-Landau level structure that is suggestive of fractional quantum Hall effect. This paper discusses the feasibility of fractional quantum Hall effect from a theoretical perspective, and argues that while this effect should occur, ideally, in the $n=0$ and $|n|=1$ Landau levels, it is ruled out in higher $|n|$ Landau levels. Unlike graphene, the fractional quantum Hall effect in topological insulators is predicted to show an interesting asymmetry between $n=1$ and $n=-1$ Landau levels due to spin-orbit coupling.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figure

Theory of fusion hindrance and synthesis of the superheavy elements

The two-step model for fusion reactions of massive systems is briefly reviewed.By the use of fusion probabilities obtained by the model and of survival probabilities obtained by the new statistical code, we predict residue cross sections for 48Ca+actinide systems leading to superheavy elements with Z=114, 116 and 118.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, Halong Bay meeting proceedin

Fractional Quantum Hall States in Graphene

We quantum mechanically analyze the fractional quantum Hall effect in graphene. This will be done by building the corresponding states in terms of a potential governing the interactions and discussing other issues. More precisely, we consider a system of particles in the presence of an external magnetic field and take into account of a specific interaction that captures the basic features of the Laughlin series \nu={1\over 2l+1}. We show that how its Laughlin potential can be generalized to deal with the composite fermions in graphene. To give a concrete example, we consider the SU(N) wavefunctions and give a realization of the composite fermion filling factor. All these results will be obtained by generalizing the mapping between the Pauli--Schr\"odinger and Dirac Hamiltonian's to the interacting particle case. Meantime by making use of a gauge transformation, we establish a relation between the free and interacting Dirac operators. This shows that the involved interaction can actually be generated from a singular gauge transformation.Comment: 20 page

The quantum Hall effect in graphene - a theoretical perspective

This short theoretical review deals with some essential ingredients for the understanding of the quantum Hall effect in graphene in comparison with the effect in conventional two-dimensional electron systems with a parabolic band dispersion. The main difference between the two systems stems from the "ultra-relativistic" character of the low-energy carriers in graphene, which are described in terms of a Dirac equation, as compared to the non-relativistic Schr\"odinger equation used for electrons with a parabolic band dispersion. In spite of this fundamental difference, the Hall resistance quantisation is universal in the sense that it is given in terms of the universal constant h/e^2 and an integer number, regardless of whether the charge carriers are characterised by Galilean or Lorentz invariance, for non-relativistic or relativistic carriers, respectively.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures; brief review article for Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences; references added with respect to previous versio

Two-Step Model of Fusion for Synthesis of Superheavy Elements

A new model is proposed for fusion mechanisms of massive nuclear systems where so-called fusion hindrance exists. The model describes two-body collision processes in an approaching phase and shape evolutions of an amalgamated system into the compound nucleus formation. It is applied to $^{48}$Ca-induced reactions and is found to reproduce the experimental fusion cross sections extremely well, without any free parameter. Combined with the statistical decay theory, residue cross sections for the superheavy elements can be readily calculated. Examples are given.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

KEWPIE: a dynamical cascade code for decaying exited compound nuclei

A new dynamical cascade code for decaying hot nuclei is proposed and specially adapted to the synthesis of super-heavy nuclei. For such a case, the interesting channel is the tiny fraction that will decay through particles emission, thus the code avoids classical Monte-Carlo methods and proposes a new numerical scheme. The time dependence is explicitely taken into account in order to cope with the fact that fission decay rate might not be constant. The code allows to evaluate both statistical and dynamical observables. Results are successfully compared to experimental data.Comment: 15 pages, 3 Figures, Submitted to Comp. Phys. Co

Composite Fermion Description of the Excitations of the Paired Pfaffian Fractional Quantum Hall State

We review the recently developed bi-partite composite fermion model, in the context of so-called Pfaffian incompressible quantum liquid with fractional and non-Abelian quasiparticle statistics, a promising model for describing the correlated many-electron ground state responsible for fractional quantum Hall effect at the Landau level filling factor ? = 5/2. We use the concept of composite fermion partitions to demonstrate the emergence of an essential ingredient of the non-Abelian braid statistics – the topological degeneracy of spatially indistinguishable configurations of multiple widely separated (non-interacting) quasiparticles