SISTEMATIZACIÓN DEL PROYECTO DE CUNICULTURA COMO ESTRATEGIA PARA EL APRENDIZAJE SIGNIFICATIVO DE CONCEPTOS DE GENÉTICA

DESCRIPCIÓNLa Educación  exige  actualmente  nuevos  retos  que  son  asumidos  por  estudiantes, docentes  y  la  sociedad,  de  tal manera  que  incite  al  desarrollo  de  competencias, habilidades,  actitudes  y  valores  que  hacen  parte  del  desarrollo  integral  de  todo sujeto. De tal forma, el docente es el encargado de ser guía y orientador durante los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Así mismo, puede transformar concepciones en los aprendices a través de la creación de ambientes apropiados para el aprendizaje de acuerdo a los estilos de aprendizaje de sus estudiantes.PALABRAS CLAVE: Aprendizaje signifcativo, estrategias,competencia, enseñanza, aprendizaje.Rabbits project as a strategy for signifcant learning concepts in genetic DESCRIPTIONThe education now requires new challenges by students,  teachers and society, and the main  function  from  them  is  developing  skills,  abilities,  attitudes  and  values. Furthermore,  the  teacher  is  the  main  responsible  during  the  education  process through learning and teaching. Besides, the teacher can change their minds, creating new strategies for learning in different ways.KEY WORDS: Signifcant learning, strategies, competence, teaching     and learning

Efectos del triclosán sobre la movilidad espermática en Oreochromis spp.

El desarrollo industrial ha generado la creación de nuevos productos que han mejorado la calidad de vida. De tal forma, se ha impulsado el consumo de fármacos, cosméticos, artículos de limpieza y de cuidado personal, entre otros. Éstos denominados contaminantes emergentes han sido de uso frecuente en las últimas décadas ocasionando una fuerte presión para los hábitats acuáticos y considerándose como factores de riesgo para la salud de los seres vivos. Un ejemplo es el triclosán (TCS), reconocido por su acción fungicida y presente en productos de aseo como antibacteriales, cuidado personal, jabones líquidos y enjuagues bucales. Desafortunadamente se ha encontrado en aguas crudas y residuales teniendo interacción con los ecosistemas acuáticos e incidiendo en la calidad de vida de los individuos, alterando funciones metabólicas y en consecuencia a la cadena trófica por efecto de bioacumulación. De tal forma, en esta investigación se evaluó el efecto del triclosán en la movilidad espermática de machos sexualmente maduros de Oreochromis spp. que fueron sometidos a un diseño experimental con tres factores: concentración de triclosán (0, 50, 120 y 190 µg/L), pH (7 y 9) y tiempo de exposición (0, 3 y 7 días). Los resultados evidenciaron una disminución significativa en la movilidad rápida y por lo tanto un aumento significativo para algunos tratamientos en la movilidad media y lenta. Los resultados permiten concluir que la interacción entre los factores evaluados pudo incidir en la alteración de la estructura celular espermática y a nivel mitocondrial disminuyendo su movilidad por una baja síntesis de adenosin trifosfato

The Impact of Additive Manufacturing on Supply Chain Management from a System Dynamics Model-Scenario: Traditional, Centralized, and Distributed Supply Chain

[EN] In order to describe the impact that the appropriation of additive manufacturing (AM) has on the supply chain (SC), a validated system dynamics model representing vectorially multiple products and multiple demands in different periods was used as a basis to apply to a case study of medical implant manufacturing, configuring three chain scenarios: 1. traditional supply chain with subtractive manufacturing, 2. centralized supply chain with additive manufacturing, and 3. decentralized supply chain with additive manufacturing. It was possible to notice that the production time is longer in additive manufacturing compared to traditional manufacturing and the cycle time and total demand closure were lower in traditional manufacturing. In addition, it was observed that the AM performance is significantly better in conditions of lower demand, which can be attributed to the characteristics of customization and small batches that this type of production approach implies.Nuñez Rodriguez, J.; Andrade Sosa, HH.; Villarreal-Archila, SM.; Ortiz Bas, Á. (2022). The Impact of Additive Manufacturing on Supply Chain Management from a System Dynamics Model-Scenario: Traditional, Centralized, and Distributed Supply Chain. Processes. 10(12):1-38. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10122489138101

Complementary and Integrative Medicine in Nursing Homes: Results of a Cross-Sectional Study in Residents and Caregivers

Objective: Some nursing homes for the elderly in Germany integrate complex complementary and integrative medicine interventions in the form of hydrotherapy, herbal and mind-body therapies, physical activities, and healthy eating, known as Kneipp therapy (KT), in care. This pilot study explored health- and work-related characteristics and acceptance of KT amongst residents and caregivers. Methods: Within a mixed-methods cross-sectional study in nursing homes who had integrated KT, we assessed work ability, psychosocial burden at work and health-related quality of life of caregivers, as well as a broad selection of health-related data of residents by questionnaires and assessments. Data were analyzed descriptively. Results: The data from 29 female caregivers (42.0 ± 11.7 years) and 64 residents (83.2 ± 8.1 years) were analyzed. Both caregivers (96%) and residents (89%) considered KT to be beneficial for health and well-being. Ninety percent of the caregivers indicated an improved relationship to residents since implementing KT. Caregivers showed a good work ability and quality of life. Residents attained remarkable ratings in social relation and affect-related aspects of quality of life. Conclusion: The results of this cross-sectional study indicate a high acceptance of integrating KT by residents and caregivers. The effectiveness and safety of KT should be explored in further comparative studies.Hintergrund: Einige Senioreneinrichtungen in Deutschland integrieren die Kombination aus Hydrotherapie, Phytotherapie, Ordnungstherapie, Bewegung und gesunder Ernährung als Kneipp-Therapie (KT) in die Pflege und Betreuung von Bewohnern. Diese Pilotstudie zielte darauf ab, gesundheits- und arbeitsbezogene Charakte­ristika und die Akzeptanz von KT bei Bewohnern und ­Mitarbeitern dieser Pflegeeinrichtungen zu untersuchen. Methoden: Im Rahmen einer Mixed-Methods-Querschnittsstudie in vier Senioreneinrichtungen, die KT integrierten, wurden unter anderem die Arbeitsfähigkeit, die psychosoziale Belastung am Arbeitsplatz und die gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität der Pflegekräfte sowie eine breite Auswahl an gesundheitsbezogenen Daten und die Lebensqualität der Bewohner durch Fragebögen erhoben. Alle Daten wurden deskriptiv analysiert. Ergebnisse: Es wurden die Daten von 29 Mitarbeiterinnen (42,0 ± 11,7 Jahre) und 64 Bewohnern (83,2 ± 8,1 Jahre) analysiert. Sowohl die Pflegekräfte (96%) als auch die Bewohner (89%) betrachteten KT als vorteilhaft für die Gesundheit und das Wohlbefinden. Ausserdem gaben 90% der Mitarbeiterinnen eine verbesserte Beziehung zu den Bewohnern seit der Einführung von KT an. Die Mitarbeiterinnen zeigten eine gute Arbeitsfähigkeit und Lebensqua­lität. Die Bewohner zeigten gute Bewertungen von Aspekten der Lebensqualität, die mit sozialer Beziehung und Affekt zusammenhängen. Fazit: Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass KT in den untersuchten Senioreneinrichtungen von den Bewohnern und Betreuern gut angenommen wurde. Die spezifische Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit von KT sollten in weiteren vergleichenden Studien untersucht werden

Neurocisticercosis : nuevos estudios en el avance de esta parasitosis.

75 p.La Neurocisticercosis es el resultado de la invasión del cisticerco al Sistema Nervioso Central. La Cisticercosis es la infección en el hombre, y se produce por ingerir huevos o quistes de la Taenia del cerdo o Taenia solium. La forma de ingerirlos es a través do alimentos o agua contaminada con material fecal o por contaminación directa a través de la boca (ano-mano-boca). En el cerdo la infección se facilita debido a sus hábitos coprofágicos. El cisticerco se desarrolla primariamente en el músculo, resultando infectivo para el hombre en aproximadarnente 10 semanas. Se revisa el ciclo biológico de la Taenia solium en donde los humanos son los únicos huéspedes definitivos, en tanto que los cerdos y humanos pueden actuar coma huéspedes intermediarios. Se compara la epidemiología de esta parasitosis, que es considerada un serio problema de salud pública, afectando a distintos países de África, Asia y América Latina. Se analizan las causas de esta parasitosis, en donde las condiciones sociales. Económicas y culturales están intrínsecamente vinculadas con esta zoonosis, ya que en cada uno de los momentos del cielo de vida del parasito existen actividades humanas involucradas en su reproducción. En primer lugar, puesto que la taeniasis es una enfermedad exclusiva del humano, este es el único responsable de la dispersión de los huevos del parasito; así, la defecación al aire libre y/o la inadecuada eliminación de excretas es la primera práctica de riesgo. En segundo lugar, una crianza de los cerdos que tolere o promueva el contacto de estos con el excremento humano permite la infección del cerdo. La falta de control sanitario de la carne de cerdo, su manejo y los hábitos de alimentación que incluyen el consume de esta carne en forma poco cocida o cruda. También son prácticas que contribuyen a la infección. La falta de higiene personal especialmente los hábitos relacionados con el lavado de manos antes de comer y después de ir al baño, el consumo de agua sin hervir y de alimentos sin lavar, así como su exposición a agentes que dispersan los huevos son practicas que posibilitan la ingestión de estos por el humano. Se revisan los signos y síntomas de la enfermedad, según el sitio de daño del sistema nervioso podrán presentarse cuadros de deterioro intelectual, deterioro el estado despierto, trastornos conductuales, debilidad de una o varias extremidades, alteraciones de la sensibilidad en diferentes panes del cuerpo, defectos en la coordinación, alteración de la marcha, alteración en los signos vitales condicionados por una lesión cerebral o trastornos en la capacidad visual, auditiva, en la gesticulación de la cara, defectos en la deglución o en la capacidad de articulación de as palabras. Siempre el tipo de manifestación clínica esta en directa relación con el tipo de lesión cerebral. Se actualizan los criterios diagnósticos, el que se realiza por la identificación de proglótidas expulsadas en el excremento, o bien, por análisis de los huevos mediante técnicas coproparasitarias. Actualmente el diagnostico se debe apoyar con estudios de imágenes: la Tomografía Computarizada, así coma la Resonancia Magnética. Esta ultima es considerada como la técnica de elección en la practica clínica Desafortunadamente estas técnicas de imagen no son accesibles para la mayor parte de la población que padece la enfermedad, por ello se han desarrollado pruebas diagnosticas económicas orientadas a la identificación de anticuerpos del cisticerco Las terapéuticas actuales mas efectivas en el tratamiento de la NCC son la administración de Praziquantel y Albendazol, debido a que son bien tolerados ,tienen una toxicidad baja, mínimos efectos secundarios. Se analiza la realidad que afecta a la Sexta y Séptima región en cuanto a esta parasitosis; los casos con Neurocisticercosis de los que se tienen antecedentes en el Hospital de Talca y el porcentaje de bovinos y porcinos decomisados en los Mataderos de la Región del Maule afectados con cisticercosis

results of a mixed methods pilot study

Background ‘Kneipp Therapy’ (KT) is a form of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) that includes a combination of hydrotherapy, herbal medicine, mind-body medicine, physical activities, and healthy eating. Since 2007, some nursing homes for older adults in Germany began to integrate CAM in the form of KT in care. The study investigated how KT is used in daily routine care and explored the health status of residents and caregivers involved in KT. Methods We performed a cross-sectional pilot study with a mixed methods approach that collected both quantitative and qualitative data in four German nursing homes in 2011. Assessments in the quantitative component included the Quality of Life in Dementia (QUALIDEM), the Short Form 12 Health Survey (SF-12), the Barthel-Index for residents and the Work Ability Index (WAI) and SF-12 for caregivers. The qualitative component addressed the residents’ and caregivers’ subjectively experienced changes after integration of KT. It was conceptualized as an ethnographic rapid appraisal by conducting participant observation and semi-structured interviews in two of the four nursing homes. Results The quantitative component included 64 residents (53 female, 83.2 ± 8.1 years (mean and SD)) and 29 caregivers (all female, 42.0 ± 11.7 years). Residents were multimorbid (8 ± 3 diagnoses), and activities of daily living were restricted (Barthel-Index 60.6 ± 24.4). The caregivers’ results indicated good work ability (WAI 37.4 ± 5.1), health related quality of life was superior to the German sample (SF-12 physical CSS 49.2 ± 8.0; mental CSS 54.1 ± 6.6). Among both caregivers and residents, 89% considered KT to be positive for well-being. The qualitative analysis showed that caregivers perceived emotional and functional benefits from more content and calmer residents, a larger variety in basic care practices, and a more self-determined scope of action. Residents reported gains in attention and caring, and recognition of their lay knowledge. Conclusion Residents showed typical characteristics of nursing home inhabitants. Caregivers demonstrated good work ability. Both reported to have benefits from KT. The results provide a good basis for future projects, e.g. controlled studies to evaluate the effects of CAM in nursing homes

Acupressure in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis: a randomized controlled exploratory trial

Background: Acupuncture has shown beneficial effects for seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR); however, it is time and cost intensive. We investigated feasibility and effects of self-administered body acupressure as a self-care technique that stimulates acupuncture points with manual pressure in SAR patients. Methods: We conducted a two-armed randomized controlled exploratory trial to compare effects of self-administered acupressure over 4 weeks at five acupuncture points plus rescue medication (RM) with cetirizine compared to RM alone in SAR patients. Among other outcome parameters, we assessed disease-related quality of life (Rhinitis Quality of Life Questionnaire [RQLQ]), overall SAR symptoms by a visual analogue scale (VAS) and a rescue medication score (RMS) after 4 and 8 weeks. Results: Forty-one SAR patients (mean age 38.5 +/- 10.0 years, n = 21, 51.2% women) were randomized. Compared to RM alone (n = 21), acupressure plus RM (n = 20) was associated with relevant improvements after 4 weeks, shown by the difference between groups in adjusted means of RQLQ: - 0.9 points (95% CI - 1.6 to - 0.2; p = 0.011) and VAS overall SAR symptoms: - 21.6 mm (95% CI - 36.3 to - 6.8; p = 0.005). The RMS was lower in the acupressure group than in the control group: 1.9 points (95% CI - 3.8 to - 0.1; p = 0.120). Group differences decreased slightly until week 8. The acupressure was feasible and safe. Conclusion: Results of this exploratory study indicate that self-applied acupressure is feasible, may improve disease-specific quality of life and reduce disease-related symptoms as well as anti-allergic medication intake in SAR patients. High-quality confirmatory studies including a sham-control group are needed in the future

Complementary Medicine in Nursing Homes - Results of a Mixed Methods Pilot Study

BACKGROUND: ‘Kneipp Therapy’ (KT) is a form of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) that includes a combination of hydrotherapy, herbal medicine, mind-body medicine, physical activities, and healthy eating. Since 2007, some nursing homes for older adults in Germany began to integrate CAM in the form of KT in care. The study investigated how KT is used in daily routine care and explored the health status of residents and caregivers involved in KT. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional pilot study with a mixed methods approach that collected both quantitative and qualitative data in four German nursing homes in 2011. Assessments in the quantitative component included the Quality of Life in Dementia (QUALIDEM), the Short Form 12 Health Survey (SF-12), the Barthel-Index for residents and the Work Ability Index (WAI) and SF-12 for caregivers. The qualitative component addressed the residents’ and caregivers’ subjectively experienced changes after integration of KT. It was conceptualized as an ethnographic rapid appraisal by conducting participant observation and semi-structured interviews in two of the four nursing homes. RESULTS: The quantitative component included 64 residents (53 female, 83.2 ± 8.1 years (mean and SD)) and 29 caregivers (all female, 42.0 ± 11.7 years). Residents were multimorbid (8 ± 3 diagnoses), and activities of daily living were restricted (Barthel-Index 60.6 ± 24.4). The caregivers’ results indicated good work ability (WAI 37.4 ± 5.1), health related quality of life was superior to the German sample (SF-12 physical CSS 49.2 ± 8.0; mental CSS 54.1 ± 6.6). Among both caregivers and residents, 89% considered KT to be positive for well-being. The qualitative analysis showed that caregivers perceived emotional and functional benefits from more content and calmer residents, a larger variety in basic care practices, and a more self-determined scope of action. Residents reported gains in attention and caring, and recognition of their lay knowledge. CONCLUSION: Residents showed typical characteristics of nursing home inhabitants. Caregivers demonstrated good work ability. Both reported to have benefits from KT. The results provide a good basis for future projects, e.g. controlled studies to evaluate the effects of CAM in nursing homes

Connectivity of Coupled Hydrologic and Human Systems as the Basis of Resilience in Traditional Irrigation Communities in New Mexico

[EN] Changes in land use and water availability are impacting the integrity of traditional irrigation systems and their associated communities worldwide. We designed a study to quantify the components of resilience within coupled hydrologic and human systems in New Mexico USA. We worked collaboratively with three communities in the northern Rio Grande basin to characterize hydrologic, ecological, socio-cultural, land use, and economic system components of linked water and human social systems. Building on component models and quantified resilience examples, we crafted graphical representations of connectivity and resilience. We added data points from around the world gleaned from a research workshop. We found there was more hydrological connectivity with flow paths from irrigation system to irrigated field to groundwater and river; the most important nexus was shallow groundwater recharge. There was more human connectivity with strong connections to land and community involvement; an important nexus was mutualism/social capital. Within the northern New Mexico communities, it appears that hydrological connectivity is associated with higher water availability and even if disconnected due to water scarcity can be restored with renewed water availability. Community connectivity, on the other hand, seems susceptible to long term disruption that self-perpetuates long after the initial stresses are imposed. We compared resilience of the hydrologic and human systems on axes of climate (arid to sub-humid), hydrologic connectivity (between surface water and groundwater and between watershed and river), and community connectedness (between water users and water infrastructure and between community members and water management organizations) including communities from northern New Mexico, Bali, Spain, Morocco, central Chile, Mexico, Ecuador, and southern New Mexico. Hydrologic connectivity was most related to local water availability and climate. Community connectivity seemed to be a function of other variables such as mutualism and local control of governance. Changes in water availability and land use affected communities disproportionately. There appears to be a combination of characteristics that has particularly high resilience: medium aridity allows enough water for hydrologic connectivity yet has enough water scarcity to engender collective community action. Promoting connectivity may be a way to enhance resilience of traditional irrigation communities.Fernald, A.; Rivera, J.; Rodríquez, S.; Tidwell, V.; Ochoa, C.; Ortiz, Q.; Guldan, S. (2015). Connectivity of Coupled Hydrologic and Human Systems as the Basis of Resilience in Traditional Irrigation Communities in New Mexico. En Irrigation, Society and Landscape. Tribute to Tom F. Glick. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 418-428. https://doi.org/10.4995/ISL2014.2014.172OCS41842