Studies on the structure of hair-forming groups in Finnsheep

Recognition of hair-forming groups in the skin of sheep was dealt with by many scientists on almost all breeds of sheep in the world and in some particular countries. To the few breeds not yet investigated up to now in this respect belongs Finnsheep (F), and this substantiates the present attempt. The histological analysis was performed on skin sections taken by the biopsy method from 7 F of the Experiment Station Koluda Wielka. Upon fixing and staining skin preparations by the method generally applied, the microscopic examination of kinds of groups, number of primary (P) and secondary(S) follicles per 1 mm2 (nS/mm2 +nP/mm2) in all kinds of groups as well as density of follicles, i.e.nS/nP per 1 mm2, was carried out. In microscopic pictures of skin, documented by means of photographs, superiority of triple groups, the share of which amounted to 74.2 %, has been found. The share of quadruple groups was 11.4 %, of double groups 8.6 % and of hexal groups 5.1 %. The mean density of follicles, measured by the number of primary and secondary follicles per 1mm2 of skin, amounts to 14.1, which results from the share of 2.0 primary + 12.2 secondary follicles per 1 mm2. The value of the nS/nP ratio in particular groups was as follows: the highest ratio was for the triple group (6.0), in the double group it amounted to 5.8, in quadruple group to 5.6 and in the hexal group to 5.3. Thus, the mean density for this sheep breed amounts to 5.84. Differences in the above values between singles and groups appeared to be small and not proved statistically. The obtained results concerning the studied F skin traits are characteristics for the hair cover of longwoolled type

The economic impact of the private equity market in Poland

Der Fokus dieser Diplomarbeit liegt auf dem Einfluss des PE/VC Sektors auf die europäische Wirtschaft und besonders jener in Polen. Neben den positiven Einflüssen des PE/VC Sektors auf die Wirtschaft, wie zum Beispiel die Erschaffung von ungefähr einer Million neuer Jobs in Europa in der letzten 4 Jahren, höheren Erträgen und R&D Ausgaben; zahlreiche polnische Firmen weisen immer noch höhere Verschuldungsrate als Finanzierung durch die Börse. Dies kann die Konsequenz der Tatsache sein, dass der Investmentfokus der PE/VC Firmen hauptsächlich auf „Buyouts“ und Ersatzkapital gerichtet ist, wo hingegen „Early-Stage“ und „Start-up-Kapital“ zu der Minderheit der Finanzierungsziele zählen. Diese Fakten unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit der öffentlich zugänglichen Informationen und besseren Aufklärung durch die Regierung und Finanzinstitute über verschiedene Alternativen der Kapitalbeschaffung, wie durch den PE/VC Sektor und seinen positiven Einfluss auf die Wirtschaft, um die Finanzierungsmöglichkeiten für die KMUs auszuweiten und zu verbessern.The focus of this thesis is to review the impact of the PE/VC’s sector on the European economy and especially on Poland. Apart from the positive influence of the PE/VC sector on the economy, such as the creation of approximately one million new jobs in Europe within the last 4 years, higher sales and for instance R&D expenditure; numerous Polish firms rely more on debt than on equity shares or retained earnings. This may be due to the fact that most of the PE/VC fund activities are concentrated on buyouts or replacement capital, whereas early-stage or start-ups account for only the minority of the investments. In this case, an availability of information on prospective corporate borrowers and clarification by government and financial bodies about the PE/VC sector and its positive impact on the economy must be provided to the general public to guarantee an expand of different capital sources for SMEs

Communication et processus organisants : le cas du traitement des évènements de sécurité dans le domaine du contrôle aérien

Notre objet d'étude se situe dans le domaine du contrôle aérien, et concerne plus spécifiquement ce qui est identifié comme le " système de traitement des événements sécurité " dans le cadre plus large du " système de gestion de la sécurité ". La sécurité de l'aviation se doit d'être maîtrisée et sans cesse retravaillée en lien avec l'augmentation du trafic aérien. Aux évolutions règlementaires et techniques sont associés de nouveaux enjeux liés aux démarches qualité-sécurité. Ces démarches s'appuient sur un principe d'amélioration continue mis en place à travers de ce qui est désigné en termes de " notification et traitement des événements relevant de la sécurité ", ainsi que de " retour d'expérience ". Or les normes ne sont jamais simplement appliquées, elles sont mises à l'épreuve des situations concrètes, négociées et interprétées. Dans cette recherche, nous interrogeons les formes de textualisation (Taylor, 1993) des organisations à travers les normes inscrites dans des textes prescriptifs, ainsi que d'autres " écrits professionnels " omniprésents dans les organisations (Delcambre, 1990 ; 1993). Nous interrogeons les processus organisants du point de vue de la manière dont ils se constituent, se négocient et se recomposent entre différentes formes scripturales. Ce faisant, nous proposons de contribuer à une approche communicationnelle des organisations renouvelée, mobilisant et retravaillant certaines contributions de deux approches très contemporaines : des approches de la communication constitutive des organisations (CCO) caractéristiques de tout un courant de recherches nord-américaines, et des approches communicationnelles des organisations (ACO), telles que travaillées par des chercheurs français et plus largement européens.Our object of study is situated in the field of air traffic control, and more specifically concerns what is identified as " security events processing system " in the wider context of " system security management ". The aviation security must be controlled and constantly rework due to the increase of the air traffic. The regulatory and technical evolutions are associated with new stakes related to quality and safety approaches. These approaches are based on a principle of continuous enhancement implemented through what is called in terms of " security events notification and processing " as well as " experience feedback ". However, the norms are never simply applied, they are tested in concrete situations, negotiated and interpreted. In this research, we question textualization forms (Taylor, 1993) of organizations through the norms inscribe in prescriptive texts and other " professional writings " omnipresent in organizations (Delcambre, 1990, 1993). We question organizing processes from the point of view of the way in which they constitute, negotiate and recompose between different scriptural forms. We propose to contribute to a renewed communicative approach of organizations, mobilizing and reworking some of the contributions of two very contemporary approaches: the approaches of communication as constitutive of organization (CCO) characteristics of all current North American researches and the communicative approaches of organizations (ACO), as worked by French researchers and more broadly European

Theoretical Studies of the Self Cleavage Pistol Ribozyme Mechanism

Ribozymes are huge complex biological catalysts composed of a combination of RNA and proteins. Nevertheless, there is a reduced number of small ribozymes, the self-cleavage ribozymes, that are formed just by RNA and, apparently, they existed in cells of primitive biological systems. Unveiling the details of these "fossils" enzymes can contribute not only to the understanding of the origins of life but also to the development of new simplified artificial enzymes. A computational study of the reactivity of the pistol ribozyme carried out by means of classical MD simulations and QM/MM hybrid calculations is herein presented to clarify its catalytic mechanism. Analysis of the geometries along independent MD simulations with different protonation states of the active site basic species reveals that only the canonical system, with no additional protonation changes, renders reactive conformations. A change in the coordination sphere of the Mg2+ ion has been observed during the simulations, which allows proposing a mechanism to explain the unique mode of action of the pistol ribozyme by comparison with other ribozymes. The present results are at the center of the debate originated from recent experimental and theoretical studies on pistol ribozyme

An Unusual Case of Cardiovascular Collapse After EVALI

Introduction: In July of 2019, a new respiratory illness emerged as a cluster of healthy, young adolescents developed profound hypoxic respiratory failure. Investigation revealed that it was related to e-cigarette and vaping use. A new clinical syndrome of e-cigarette and vaping use-associated lung injury (EVALI) emerged. Its development was linked to tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) use and Vitamin E acetate. We present a case of vaping associated lung injury, resulting in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome with eventual, unexplained cardiovascular collapse and death. Case Summary: Patient is a 37 year-old male with migraines, obesity (BMI 34), chronic back pain, and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) vaping who presented with fever, shortness of breath, and altered mental status. His symptoms started with a fever 3 days prior to arrival. He arrived in distress. He was febrile (38.6°C), tachycardic (HR 148), tachypneic (RR 66), and profoundly hypoxic to 54% on room air. His blood pressure was 113/59. Initial blood gas confirmed profound hypoxemia with pH 7.33, PCO2 35.5, PO2 32.9, and saturation of 63.8 with a lactate of 8.6 mmol/L. Initial chest x-ray showed bilateral infiltrates. He was trialed on CPAP, but remained hypoxic, requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation. His initial PaO2 to FI02 ratio was 111 on a PEEP of 12, consistent with moderate ARDS. He was treated empirically with vancomycin, piperacillin / tazobactam, and azithromycin. Infectious work-up showed a negative influenza and viral biofire PCR. Respiratory culture grew few non-pneumoniae Streptococcus. Blood cultures were negative. Bronchoscopy showed diffuse, pink frothy secretions in the upper airways with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) growing commensal flora. Echocardiogram revealed a preserved EF (58%) with normal LV size and thickness and a negative bubble study, ruling out intracardiac shunt. It did show a mildly enlarged right ventricle and mildly reduced global RV systolic function with PAP of 42 mmHg and mild tricuspid regurgitation. A computed tomography (CT) of the chest with contrast was also obtained and negative for pulmonary embolism, but demonstrated extensive, bilateral ground glass and airspace opacities. Given his overall clinical picture including bilateral infiltrates and vaping of THC, there was a high suspicion for EVALI. He was started on methylprednisolone at 1 mg/kg/day and completed a 14 day course of both steroids and antibiotics. He gradually improved with diuresis. He was extubated on hospital day 13; however, two days later, he decompensated. He became tachycardic, tachypneic, and was re-intubated. He remained profoundly tachycardic and developed shock requiring vasopressors. He developed new EKG changes with ST elevations, reciprocal depressions, and a significant troponin elevation. While the cardiac catheterization lab was being activated, the patient had a PEA arrest. Cardiac catheterization was emergently performed which demonstrated non-obstructed coronary arteries and patent pulmonary vasculature. Patient was initiated on veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO). Over the next 12 hours, the patient further decompensated developing multi-organ failure with increasing vasopressor requirements despite VA ECMO support. Due to his poor prognosis, the decision was ultimately made to withdraw care. Discussion: This patient fulfills diagnostic criteria for EVALI, including e-cigarette use within the last 90 days, lung opacities on chest radiograph or CT, exclusion of lung infection, and absence of alternative diagnosis. This case report highlights an instance of acute cardiovascular collapse in a patient with EVALI after initial course of improvement and extended treatment with antibiotics and steroids. Patients recovering from EVALI should undergo close monitoring for rapid deterioration with a low threshold to resume treatment in the appropriate clinical setting.https://scholarlycommons.henryford.com/merf2020caserpt/1065/thumbnail.jp

Efficient electron-induced removal of oxalate ions and formation of copper nanoparticles from copper(II) oxalate precursor layers

Rueckriem K, Grotheer S, Vieker H, et al. Efficient electron-induced removal of oxalate ions and formation of copper nanoparticles from copper(II) oxalate precursor layers. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY. 2016;7:852-861.Copper(II) oxalate grown on carboxy-terminated self-assembled monolayers (SAM) using a step-by-step approach was used as precursor for the electron-induced synthesis of surface-supported copper nanoparticles. The precursor material was deposited by dipping the surfaces alternately in ethanolic solutions of copper(II) acetate and oxalic acid with intermediate thorough rinsing steps. The deposition of copper(II) oxalate and the efficient electron-induced removal of the oxalate ions was monitored by reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS). Helium ion microscopy (HIM) reveals the formation of spherical nanoparticles with well-defined size and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirms their metallic nature. Continued irradiation after depletion of oxalate does not lead to further particle growth giving evidence that nanoparticle formation is primarily controlled by the available amount of precursor

Coordination and organometallic precursors of group 10 and 11 Focused electron beam induced deposition of metals and insight gained from chemical vapour deposition, atomic layer deposition, and fundamental surface and gas phase studies

Nanostructured materials made from group 10 Ni, Pd, Pt and group 11 Cu, Ag, Au elements have outstanding technological relevance in microelectronics, nano optics, catalysis, and energy conversion. Processes that allow for the easy and reliable fabrication of such nanostructures are heavily sought after. Focused electron beam induced deposition FEBID is the only direct write technique that can fabricate nanostructures with arbitrary shape and dimensions down to the sub 10 nm regime. However, the complex chemistry of FEBID involving electron induced dissociation processes of metalorganic precursors molecules, surface kinetics, and thermal effects is poorly understood and far from being optimized. Here, we review in a comparative manner the performance and the underlying chemical reactions of surface deposition processes, namely, chemical vapour deposition CVD , atomic layer deposition ALD , and FEBID itself. The knowledge gained in CVD and ALD as related surface deposition techniques will help us to understand the spatially selective chemistry occurring in FEBID. Fundamental surface and gas phase studies provide insight to electron induced chemistry and desorption of precursor fragments. Specific emphasis is put on the type of the ligands and their different behaviour under thermal, surface related, and electron induced processes. The comprehensive overview of the current state of FEBID for group 10 and 11 metals includes reactive environments and purification approaches as these may provide valuable information on the design of novel precursors. The evaluation of the precursor and process performance is extended to include W, Co, Fe, Ru, Rh, and Ir to represent a general guide towards future developments in FEBID. These may not only rely on the design of novel compounds but also on optimized deposition strategies inspired by ALD and CV

Revealing the Mechanism for Covalent Inhibition of Glycoside Hydrolases by Carbasugars at an Atomic Level

Mechanism-based glycoside hydrolase inhibitors are carbohydrate analogs that mimic the natural substrate’s structure. Their covalent bond formation with the glycoside hydrolase makes these compounds excellent tools for chemical biology and potential drug candidates. Here we report the synthesis of cyclohexene-based α-galactopyranoside mimics and the kinetic and structural characterization of their inhibitory activity toward an α-galactosidase from Thermotoga maritima (TmGalA). By solving the structures of several enzyme-bound species during mechanism-based covalent inhibition of TmGalA, we show that the Michaelis complexes for intact inhibitor and product have half-chair (2H3) conformations for the cyclohexene fragment, while the covalently linked intermediate adopts a flattened half-chair (2H3) conformation. Hybrid QM/MM calculations confirm the structural and electronic properties of the enzyme-bound species and provide insight into key interactions in the enzyme-active site. These insights should stimulate the design of mechanism-based glycoside hydrolase inhibitors with tailored chemical properties

Elastic scattering of electrons from alanine

Differential cross sections (DCSs) for elastic scattering of electrons from alanine, have been measured using a crossed beam system for incident energies between 20 and 80 eV and scattering angles from 10° to 150°. The experimental data were placed upon an absolute scale by normalisation to calculated absolute integral cross sections obtained using the corrected independent-atom method incorporating an improved quasifree absorption model. The calculated data-set includes DCSs and integral elastic and inelastic cross sections in the incident energy range between 1 and 10,000 eV. These theoretical results are found to agree very well with the experimental data both in the shape and magnitude of DCSs except at the smallest scattering angles