1,436 research outputs found
The networked micro-decision context: A new lens on transformative urban governance
Recent large-scale societal disruptions, from the COVID-19 pandemic to intensifying wildfires and weather events, reveal the importance of transforming governance systems so they can address complex, transboundary, and rapidly evolving crises. Yet current knowledge of the decision-making dynamics that yield transformative governance remains scant. Studies typically focus on the aggregate outputs of government decisions, while overlooking their micro-level underpinnings. This is a key oversight because drivers of policy change, such as learning or competition, are prosecuted by people rather than organizations. We respond to this knowledge gap by introducing a new analytical lens for understanding policymaking, aimed at uncovering how characteristics of decision-makers and the structure of their relationships affect their likelihood of effectuating transformative policy responses. This perspective emphasizes the need for a more dynamic and relational view on urban governance in the context of transformation
Case study of a performance-active changing trans* male singing voice
A professional classical singer of more than 25 years (AZ) in his early 50s requested this voice researcherâs consultation and assistance in early 2014. He was about to start living full time as a trans* man. Despite his intention to be included in the low start/gradual increase testosterone option of the Trans* Male (previously, âFTMâ) Singing Voice Program, the request contained a rather unconventional aspect: AZ would continue to sing while his voice was changing. The above request was integral with his singing history. After the introduction of safeguards and his informed consent, AZ was accepted onto the Program. Due to the highly individual circumstances, his participation was recorded as a case study. The study has aimed to replicate the particulars of the slow hormonal changes and continuing singing ability found in certain cisgender male adolescent voices. Despite dealing with an adult trans* male individual, the progress has been comparable. This has been achieved by carefully monitoring AZâs low start/gradual increase testosterone administration in communication with the medical practitioner. The participantâs vocal health remained safeguarded and promoted by carefully individualized vocal tuition. This article will discuss the collective results of the case study, including the recordings and the data analysis
NN Core Interactions and Differential Cross Sections from One Gluon Exchange
We derive nonstrange baryon-baryon scattering amplitudes in the
nonrelativistic quark model using the ``quark Born diagram" formalism. This
approach describes the scattering as a single interaction, here the
one-gluon-exchange (OGE) spin-spin term followed by constituent interchange,
with external nonrelativistic baryon wavefunctions attached to the scattering
diagrams to incorporate higher-twist wavefunction effects. The short-range
repulsive core in the NN interaction has previously been attributed to this
spin-spin interaction in the literature; we find that these perturbative
constituent-interchange diagrams do indeed predict repulsive interactions in
all I,S channels of the nucleon-nucleon system, and we compare our results for
the equivalent short-range potentials to the core potentials found by other
authors using nonperturbative methods. We also apply our perturbative
techniques to the N and systems: Some
channels are found to have attractive core potentials and may accommodate
``molecular" bound states near threshold. Finally we use our Born formalism to
calculate the NN differential cross section, which we compare with experimental
results for unpolarised proton-proton elastic scattering. We find that several
familiar features of the experimental differential cross section are reproduced
by our Born-order result.Comment: 27 pages, figures available from the authors, revtex, CEBAF-TH-93-04,
MIT-CTP-2187, ORNL-CCIP-93-0
The Secret to Successful User Communities: An Analysis of Computer Associatesâ User Groups
This paper provides the first large scale study that examines the impact of both individual- and group-specific factors on the benefits users obtain from their user communities. By empirically analysing 924 survey responses from individuals in 161 Computer Associates' user groups, this paper aims to identify the determinants of successful user communities. To measure success, the amount of time individual members save through having access to their user networks is used. As firms can significantly profit from successful user communities, this study proposes four key implications of the empirical results for the management of user communities
New Directions in the Development of Population Estimates in the United States?
The advent of a continuously updated Master Area File (MAF) following the 2000 census represents an information resource that can be tapped for purposes of developing timely, cost-effective, and precise population estimates for even the smallest of geographical units (e.g., census blocks). We argue that the MAF can be enhanced (EMAF) for these purposes. In support of our argument we describe a set of activities needed to develop EMAF, each of which is well within the current capabilities of the U.S. Census Bureau and discuss various costs and benefits of each. We also describe how EMAF would provide population estimates containing a wide range of demographic (e.g., age, race, and sex) and socio-economic characteristics (e.g., educational attainment, income, and employment). As such, it could largely negate and eliminate the need for many of the traditional demographic methods of population estimation and possibly reduce the number of sample surveys. We identify important challenges that must be surmounted in order to realize EMAF and make suggestions for doing so. We conclude by noting that the idea of the EMAF could be of interest to other countries with MAF files and strong administrative records systems that, like the United States, are facing the challenge of producing good population information in the face of increasing census costs
The UV-Optical Color Dependence of Galaxy Clustering in the Local Universe
We measure the UV-optical color dependence of galaxy clustering in the local
universe. Using the clean separation of the red and blue sequences made
possible by the NUV - r color-magnitude diagram, we segregate the galaxies into
red, blue and intermediate "green" classes. We explore the clustering as a
function of this segregation by removing the dependence on luminosity and by
excluding edge-on galaxies as a means of a non-model dependent veto of highly
extincted galaxies. We find that \xi (r_p, \pi) for both red and green galaxies
shows strong redshift space distortion on small scales -- the "finger-of-God"
effect, with green galaxies having a lower amplitude than is seen for the red
sequence, and the blue sequence showing almost no distortion. On large scales,
\xi (r_p, \pi) for all three samples show the effect of large-scale streaming
from coherent infall. On scales 1 Mpc/h < r_p < 10 Mpc/h, the projected
auto-correlation function w_p(r_p) for red and green galaxies fits a power-law
with slope \gamma ~ 1.93 and amplitude r_0 ~ 7.5 and 5.3, compared with \gamma
~ 1.75 and r_0 ~ 3.9 Mpc/h for blue sequence galaxies. Compared to the
clustering of a fiducial L* galaxy, the red, green, and blue have a relative
bias of 1.5, 1.1, and 0.9 respectively. The w_p(r_p) for blue galaxies display
an increase in convexity at ~ 1 Mpc/h, with an excess of large scale
clustering. Our results suggest that the majority of blue galaxies are likely
central galaxies in less massive halos, while red and green galaxies have
larger satellite fractions, and preferentially reside in virialized structures.
If blue sequence galaxies migrate to the red sequence via processes like
mergers or quenching that take them through the green valley, such a
transformation may be accompanied by a change in environment in addition to any
change in luminosity and color.Comment: accepted by MNRA
Lambda and Antilambda polarization from deep inelastic muon scattering
We report results of the first measurements of Lambda and Antilambda
polarization produced in deep inelastic polarized muon scattering on the
nucleon. The results are consistent with an expected trend towards positive
polarization with increasing x_F. The polarizations of Lambda and Antilambda
appear to have opposite signs. A large negative polarization for Lambda at low
positive x_F is observed and is not explained by existing models.A possible
interpretation is presented.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figure
Animal-related factors associated with moderate-to-severe diarrhea in children younger than five years in western Kenya: A matched case-control study
Background Diarrheal disease remains among the leading causes of global mortality in children younger than 5 years. Exposure to domestic animals may be a risk factor for diarrheal disease. The objectives of this study were to identify animal-related exposures associated with cases of moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) in children in rural western Kenya, and to identify the major zoonotic enteric pathogens present in domestic animals residing in the homesteads of case and control children. Methodology/Principal findings We characterized animal-related exposures in a subset of case and control children (n = 73 pairs matched on age, sex and location) with reported animal presence at home enrolled in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study in western Kenya, and analysed these for an association with MSD. We identified potentially zoonotic enteric pathogens in pooled fecal specimens collected from domestic animals resident at childrenâs homesteads. Variables that were associated with decreased risk of MSD were washing hands after animal contact (matched odds ratio [MOR] = 0.2; 95% CI 0.08â0.7), and presence of adult sheep that were not confined in a pen overnight (MOR = 0.1; 0.02â0.5). Variables that were associated with increased risk of MSD were increasing number of sheep owned (MOR = 1.2; 1.0â1.5), frequent observation of fresh rodent excreta (feces/urine) outside the house (MOR = 7.5; 1.5â37.2), and participation of the child in providing water to chickens (MOR = 3.8; 1.2â12.2). Of 691 pooled specimens collected from 2,174 domestic animals, 159 pools (23%) tested positive for one or more potentially zoonotic enteric pathogens (Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, non-typhoidal Salmonella, diarrheagenic E. coli, Giardia, Cryptosporidium, or rotavirus). We did not find any association between the presence of particular pathogens in household animals, and MSD in children. Conclusions and significance Public health agencies should continue to promote frequent hand washing, including after animal contact, to reduce the risk of MSD. Future studies should address specific causal relations of MSD with sheep and chicken husbandry practices, and with the presence of rodents
Shadowing in Inelastic Scattering of Muons on Carbon, Calcium and Lead at Low XBj
Nuclear shadowing is observed in the per-nucleon cross-sections of positive
muons on carbon, calcium and lead as compared to deuterium. The data were taken
by Fermilab experiment E665 using inelastically scattered muons of mean
incident momentum 470 GeV/c. Cross-section ratios are presented in the
kinematic region 0.0001 < XBj <0.56 and 0.1 < Q**2 < 80 GeVc. The data are
consistent with no significant nu or Q**2 dependence at fixed XBj. As XBj
decreases, the size of the shadowing effect, as well as its A dependence, are
found to approach the corresponding measurements in photoproduction.Comment: 22 pages, incl. 6 figures, to be published in Z. Phys.
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