Colombian public university and American foundations in the context of university reforms c. 1960-1966: the cases of Universidad del Valle and the Universidad Nacional de Colombia

In the context of University reforms in the first half of the 1960’s, this article  analyzes how the central administration of Universidad del Valle and the Universidad  Nacional de Colombia developed institutional mechanisms to achieve the legitimate  incorporation of the bonding of their institutions with American foundations. From a  documentary research, the analysis considers that the participation of this foundations  in the modernization of the two universities impacted not only the University life as  they constituted a source of funding and technical assistance, but also due to their  influence in the efforts of the central administrations to set up a favoring institutional  context for its acceptance. The paper shows that in these efforts the spaces for the  dissemination of information were relevant, in order for the lecturers and students  to get acquainted with the projects developed by the University and with the diverse  participation that some foundations had in these projects. However, the acceptance  process in these institutions was marked in a different manner depending on the  internal political context.En el contexto de las reformas universitarias de la primera mitad del decenio de  1960, este artículo analiza cómo las directivas centrales de la Universidad del Valle  y de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia desarrollaron mecanismos institucionales  para lograr la incorporación legítima de la vinculación de sus instituciones con las  fundaciones norteamericanas. A partir de un diseño documental, el análisis considera  que la participación de tales fundaciones en los procesos de modernización de las dos  universidades públicas impactó la vida universitaria no sólo porque constituyeron una  fuente de financiamiento y de asistencia técnica, sino también porque influyeron en  los esfuerzos de las directivas por configurar un contexto institucional que favoreciera su aceptación. El escrito muestra que en estos esfuerzos fueron relevantes los espacios de difusión de la información para que docentes y estudiantes conocieran los proyectos adelantados por la universidad y la participación diversa que tenían algunas fundaciones en dichos proyectos. Sin embargo, el proceso de aceptación en cada una de las dos instituciones se vio marcada de forma diferente de acuerdo con el contextopolítico interno en la Universidad del Valle y en la Universidad Nacional

Revisi\uf3n - Serradela amarilla ( Ornithopus compressus ) y serradela rosada (o. sativus): dos nuevas especies de leguminosas forrajeras anuales para la zona Mediterr\ue1nea de Chile

Yellow serradella ( Ornithopus compressus L.) and pink serradella ( Ornithopus sativus Brot.) are two new annual foragelegume species for infertile, acidic, and light texture soils, in dryland areas of the Mediterranean zone of Chile. Seven cultivars of yellow serradella and one cultivar of pink serradella, developed bytheCenter for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture (CLIMA),Australia, were characterized. O. compressus presented a high to medium hardseededness (53 to 100% at the beginning of the second growth season), while O. sativus presented a very low hardseededness (4%). A variable range of precocity was detected (108 to 143 days to flowering). The growth habit is semi-erect to erect, flowers are yellow in O. compressus and pink in O. sativus. The dry matter and seed production is comparable, and in some years superior, to that of species of traditional use in these areas, like subterranean clover ( Trifolium subterraneum L.) and hualputra ( Medicago polymorpha L.), standing out serradellas especially for their high production in infertile soils of the interior dry lands of Cauquenes, in the third year of evaluation (2200 to 4200 kg DM ha-1, 650 to 1440 kg seeds ha-1) The available phenological and productive data allow to think that the development of pastures based on serradellas, could mean an important contribution to the improvement of the pastoral production of extensive marginal areas of the non-irrigated Mediterranean land of Chile.La serradela amarilla ( Ornithopus compressus L.) y la serradela rosada ( Ornithopus sativus Brot.) son dos nuevas especies de leguminosas forrajeras anuales para suelos \ue1cidos inf\ue9rtiles, de texturas livianas, en zonas de secano mediterr\ue1neo de Chile. Se caracterizaron siete cultivares de serradela amarilla y uno de serradela rosada, desarrollados por el Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture (CLIMA) de Australia. O. compressus present\uf3 una dureza seminal media a alta (53 a 100% al inicio de la segunda temporada de crecimiento), mientras que O. sativus present\uf3 una dureza seminal muy baja (4%). Se detect\uf3 un rango de precocidad variable (entre 108 y 143 d\uedas a floraci\uf3n). El h\ue1bito de crecimiento fue semi-erecto a erecto, flores de color amarillo en el caso de O. compressus y rosadas en el caso de O. sativus. La producci\uf3n de materia seca y de semillas fue comparable, y en algunos a\uf1os superior, al de las especies de uso tradicional en estas zonas, como tr\ue9bol subterr\ue1neo ( Trifolium subterraneum L.) y hualputra ( Medicago polymorpha L.), destac\ue1ndose las serradelas por su alta producci\uf3n, especialmente en suelos inf\ue9rtiles del secano interior de Cauquenes, al tercer a\uf1o de evaluaci\uf3n (2200-4200 kg MS ha-1, 650-1440 kg semilla ha-1). Los antecedentes de fenolog\ueda y comportamiento productivo permiten vislumbrar que el desarrollo de praderas en base a serradelas, podr\ueda significar un importante aporte al mejoramiento de la producci\uf3n pastoral de extensas \ue1reas marginales del secano mediterr\ue1neo de Chile

COVID Obesity: A One-Year Narrative Review

On 11 March 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). This study focuses on a narrative review about the illness during the first year of the pandemic in relation to obesity. Databases were used to search studies published up to 8 December 2020. In total, 4430 articles and other scientific literature were found, and 24 articles were included in this one-year narrative review. The mean BMI value of severe COVID-19 patients ranged from 24.5 to 33.4 kg/m2, versus <18.5 to 24.3 kg/m2 for non-severe patients. Articles using the terms obesity or overweight without indicating the BMI value in these patients were common, but this is not useful, as the anthropometric parameters, when not defined by this index, are confusing due to the classification being different in the West compared to among Asian and Korean criteria-based adults. We proposed a new term, called COVID obesity, to define the importance of this anthropometric parameter, among others, in relation with this pandemic

Atributos y Antecedentes del Comportamiento de Biserrula pelecinus L. Nueva Leguminosa Forrajera Anual Para Chile Mediterr\ue1neo

In Chile Biserrula pelecinus L. is a new legume forage species for acidi soils, with medium - light texture, in dryland areas of the humid and sub-humid Mediterranean zone. Due to its high rate of hardseedness (99% at the beginning of the second growth season), it is an especially appropriate annual pasture for agricultural systems where the pasture is in rotation with cereals ('ley farming system'). It is an intermediate maturing plant (132 to 136 days to flowering), with a semi-erect growth habit, blue flowers, small seed size (674 to 842 seeds g-1), and has a high index of reproductive force (superior to 1.6). The DM and seed production is comparable, and in some years superior, to that of species traditionally used in these areas, such as subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) and burr medic (Medicago polymorpha L.). However, its productivity in the second year of growth is very low due to the high percentage of hardseedness (99%). Currently, there is cv. Casbah , developed by a team of researchers of the Center for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture (CLIMA), Western Australia. The phenological background and phytomass productive behavior permit its recommendation in areas of the interior and coastal dryland of the 7th and 8th region o Chile.Biserrula pelecinus L. es en Chile una nueva especie leguminosa forrajera para suelos \ue1cidos de texturas liviana a media, en zonas de secano mediterr\ue1neo subh\ufamedo y h\ufamedo. Debido a su alta dureza seminal (99% al inicio de la segunda temporada de crecimiento), es una pradera anual, especialmente apropiada para sistemas agr\uedcolas donde la pradera se encuentra en rotaci\uf3n con cereales ('ley farming system'). Posee una fenolog\ueda intermedia (132 a 136 d\uedas a floraci\uf3n), de h\ue1bito de crecimiento semi-erecto, flores de color azul, destac\ue1ndose por poseer un tama\uf1o de semilla peque\uf1o (674 a 842 semillas g-1), y presenta alto \uedndice de esfuerzo reproductivo (superior a 1,6). La producci\uf3n de materia seca y de semillas es comparable, y en algunos a\uf1os superior, a la de las especies de uso tradicional en estas zonas como tr\ue9bol subterr\ue1neo (Trifolium subterraneum L.) y hualputra (Medicago polymorpha L.). Sin embargo, su aporte en producci\uf3n al segundo a\uf1o es muy bajo debido al alto porcentaje de dureza seminal (99%). Actualmente existe el cv. Casbah, desarrollado por el equipo de investigadores del Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture (CLIMA) del oeste de Australia. Los antecedentes de fenolog\ueda y comportamiento productivo de fitomasa permiten su recomendaci\uf3n en zonas de secano interior y costero de las regiones 7a y 8a de Chile

Asymmetric bilayers mimicking membrane rafts prepared by lipid exchange: nanoscale characterization using AFM-Force spectroscopy

Sphingolipids-enriched rafts domains are proposed to occur in plasma membranes and to mediate important cellular functions. Notwithstanding, the asymmetric transbilayer distribution of phospholipids that exists in the membrane confers the two leaflets different potentials to form lateral domains as next to no sphingolipids are present in the inner leaflet. How the physical properties of one leaflet can influence the properties of the other and its importance on signal transduction across the membrane are questions still unresolved. In this work, we combined AFM imaging and Force spectroscopy measurements to assess domain formation and to study the nanomechanical properties of asymmetric supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) mimicking membrane rafts. Asymmetric SLBs were formed by incorporating N-palmitoyl-sphingomyelin (16:0SM) into the outer leaflet of preformed 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC)/Cholesterol SLBs through methyl-β-cyclodextrin– mediated lipid exchange. Lipid domains were detected after incorporation of 16:0SM though their phase state varied from gel to liquid ordered (Lo) phase if the procedure was performed at 24 or 37 °C, respectively. When comparing symmetric and asymmetric Lo domains, differences in size and morphology were observed, with asymmetric domains being smaller and more interconnected. Both types of Lo domains showed similar mechanical stability in terms of rupture forces and Young's moduli. Notably, force curves in asymmetric domains presented two rupture events that could be attributed to the sequential rupture of a liquid disordered (Ld) and a Lo phase. Interleaflet coupling in asymmetric Lo domains could also be inferred from those measurements. The experimental approach outlined here would significantly enhance the applicability of membrane models.Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La PlataCentro de Investigación de Proteínas Vegetale

Experiencia Aprendizaje y Servicio en el Grado en Información y Documentación

La presente obra recopila algunas de las experiencias y reflexiones de alumnos y profesores que se han producido alrededor de un proyecto de Aprendizaje y Servicio con el alumnado del Grado en Información y Documentación de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Actividades de formación en competencias informacionales en Centros de Mayores del Ayuntamiento de Madrid (Memoria proyecto ApS UCM)

Memoria del proyecto de Aprendizaje y Servicio realizado con el alumnado del Grado en Información y Documentación y el Centro de Mayores de Santa Engracia (Madrid)

Effectiveness of a cognitive behavioral intervention in patients with medically unexplained symptoms: cluster randomized trial

BACKGROUND: Medically unexplained symptoms are an important mental health problem in primary care and generate a high cost in health services.Cognitive behavioral therapy and psychodynamic therapy have proven effective in these patients. However, there are few studies on the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions by primary health care. The project aims to determine whether a cognitive-behavioral group intervention in patients with medically unexplained symptoms, is more effective than routine clinical practice to improve the quality of life measured by the SF-12 questionary at 12 month. METHODS/DESIGN: This study involves a community based cluster randomized trial in primary healthcare centres in Madrid (Spain). The number of patients required is 242 (121 in each arm), all between 18 and 65 of age with medically unexplained symptoms that had seeked medical attention in primary care at least 10 times during the previous year. The main outcome variable is the quality of life measured by the SF-12 questionnaire on Mental Healthcare. Secondary outcome variables include number of consultations, number of drug (prescriptions) and number of days of sick leave together with other prognosis and descriptive variables. Main effectiveness will be analyzed by comparing the percentage of patients that improve at least 4 points on the SF-12 questionnaire between intervention and control groups at 12 months. All statistical tests will be performed with intention to treat. Logistic regression with random effects will be used to adjust for prognostic factors. Confounding factors or factors that might alter the effect recorded will be taken into account in this analysis. DISCUSSION: This study aims to provide more insight to address medically unexplained symptoms, highly prevalent in primary care, from a quantitative methodology. It involves intervention group conducted by previously trained nursing staff to diminish the progression to the chronicity of the symptoms, improve quality of life, and reduce frequency of medical consultations. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01484223 [http://ClinicalTrials.gov].S

Effect of remote ischaemic conditioning on clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (CONDI-2/ERIC-PPCI): a single-blind randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Remote ischaemic conditioning with transient ischaemia and reperfusion applied to the arm has been shown to reduce myocardial infarct size in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). We investigated whether remote ischaemic conditioning could reduce the incidence of cardiac death and hospitalisation for heart failure at 12 months. METHODS: We did an international investigator-initiated, prospective, single-blind, randomised controlled trial (CONDI-2/ERIC-PPCI) at 33 centres across the UK, Denmark, Spain, and Serbia. Patients (age >18 years) with suspected STEMI and who were eligible for PPCI were randomly allocated (1:1, stratified by centre with a permuted block method) to receive standard treatment (including a sham simulated remote ischaemic conditioning intervention at UK sites only) or remote ischaemic conditioning treatment (intermittent ischaemia and reperfusion applied to the arm through four cycles of 5-min inflation and 5-min deflation of an automated cuff device) before PPCI. Investigators responsible for data collection and outcome assessment were masked to treatment allocation. The primary combined endpoint was cardiac death or hospitalisation for heart failure at 12 months in the intention-to-treat population. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02342522) and is completed. FINDINGS: Between Nov 6, 2013, and March 31, 2018, 5401 patients were randomly allocated to either the control group (n=2701) or the remote ischaemic conditioning group (n=2700). After exclusion of patients upon hospital arrival or loss to follow-up, 2569 patients in the control group and 2546 in the intervention group were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. At 12 months post-PPCI, the Kaplan-Meier-estimated frequencies of cardiac death or hospitalisation for heart failure (the primary endpoint) were 220 (8·6%) patients in the control group and 239 (9·4%) in the remote ischaemic conditioning group (hazard ratio 1·10 [95% CI 0·91-1·32], p=0·32 for intervention versus control). No important unexpected adverse events or side effects of remote ischaemic conditioning were observed. INTERPRETATION: Remote ischaemic conditioning does not improve clinical outcomes (cardiac death or hospitalisation for heart failure) at 12 months in patients with STEMI undergoing PPCI. FUNDING: British Heart Foundation, University College London Hospitals/University College London Biomedical Research Centre, Danish Innovation Foundation, Novo Nordisk Foundation, TrygFonden

La construccion de un contexto interno como politica universitaria: el caso de la politica de dialogo en la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 1964-1966

El presente texto examina la política de diálogo propuesta y adelantada en la Universidad Nacional de Colombia entre 1964 y 1966 por el rector José Félix Patiño, como un elemento central que sirviera para consolidar la reforma académica que se proponía para la Universidad. El texto considera las virtudes de esa política, muestra las resistencias que encontró y discute la forma como el contexto político del país, y el contexto internacional, afectaron su puesta en marcha, lo mismo que los esfuerzos que se hicieron para superar las dificultades