Genomic Relationships, Novel Loci, and Pleiotropic Mechanisms across Eight Psychiatric Disorders

Genetic influences on psychiatric disorders transcend diagnostic boundaries, suggesting substantial pleiotropy of contributing loci. However, the nature and mechanisms of these pleiotropic effects remain unclear. We performed analyses of 232,964 cases and 494,162 controls from genome-wide studies of anorexia nervosa, attention-deficit/hyper-activity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, major depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, and Tourette syndrome. Genetic correlation analyses revealed a meaningful structure within the eight disorders, identifying three groups of inter-related disorders. Meta-analysis across these eight disorders detected 109 loci associated with at least two psychiatric disorders, including 23 loci with pleiotropic effects on four or more disorders and 11 loci with antagonistic effects on multiple disorders. The pleiotropic loci are located within genes that show heightened expression in the brain throughout the lifespan, beginning prenatally in the second trimester, and play prominent roles in neurodevelopmental processes. These findings have important implications for psychiatric nosology, drug development, and risk prediction.Peer reviewe

Development of the Cervical and Thoracic Musculature in the American Cockroach, Periplaneta Americana (Linnaeus) (Dictyoptera: Blattidae)

94 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1966.U of I OnlyRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETD

Watching A Raisin in the Sun

Watching A Raisin in the Sun and Seeing Red argues that, while anti-Communism has of ten been discussed by historiographers of African American theatre, Communism itself and the influence of the Communist Party U.S.A. as a positive force in black theatre history have largely been ignored. As a way of exploring the Communist influence on black theatre, the article describes specific ways in which Lorraine Hansberry\u27s 1959play is indebted to Communist political critiques. Following the FBI\u27s own surveillance of the play before it came to Broadway, Watching A Raisin in the Sun and Seeing Red also uses the FBIs own internal memos about the play\u27s Communist content to reassess the play\u27s political critique of American individualism, racism, sexism, and capitalism