Anatomy of the Czech Labour Market:From Over-Employment to Under-Employment in Ten Years?

In this volume we investigate the macroeconomic aspects of labour market behaviour and its microfoundations. In the first part we deal with aggregate labour market trends and issues relevant to macroeconomic policy. The second part analyses in more detail labour flexibility, namely labour market flows, long-term unemployment and labour force deprivation. The third part addresses wage flexibility and relative wages, with special attention paid to regional unemployment elasticity of wages and returns to education. Worsening labour market performance can be seen especially in a rising NAIRU, declining labour mobility, labour deprivation due to long-term unemployment, skill mismatch and emerging signs of inflexibility in wage structures. Our conclusions are of use for both macroeconomic and labour market policies, signalling, among other messages, limitations on potential output growth stemming from deteriorated labour market performance and a need for institutional and structural changes rather than counter-cyclical policies to solve the unemployment problem in the Czech Republic.Employment, labour flows, labour force marginalisation, NAIRU, returns to education, unemployment, wage curve, wage differentials, wage inflation.

The Mediterranean diet for Polish infants: a losing struggle or a battle still worth fighting?

The Mediterranean diet is well known for its health-promoting effects. Among its key ingredients, olive oil is the most characteristic. Processing industries have been successfully manufacturing and marketing jarred baby foods with the use of vegetable oils, including olive oil, as well as other sources of visible fat. We aimed to survey manufacturer claims concerning added fat in jarred infant foods supplied to the Polish market. A total of 124 kinds of infant foods from six suppliers were analyzed. Corn, canola, and soybean oil occupied the first three positions, respectively, in rank order of vegetable oils used in jarred baby foods. In our sample, only one type of ready-to-eat jars with vegetables contained olive oil. 11% of products contained cow milk butter or cream. 61% of jarred “dinners” contained poultry or fish, which are typical sources of animal protein in the Mediterranean diet. Given that commercial baby foods currently available in the Polish market contain no olive oil, we advocate considering home preparation of infant foods with the use of visible fat. Medical professionals should encourage food manufacturers to return to the concepts of the Mediterranean diet for young consumers, aimed at long-term health

Myśl i polityka: księga pamiątkowa dedykowana profesorowi Jackowi Marii Majchrowskiemu T. 3

Publikacja jubileuszowa z okazji 40-lecia pracy naukowej profesora Jacka Majchrowskieg

The Impact of Troposphere Correction for Designation of the Ellipsoidal Height of Aircraft at Approach to Landing Procedure

The paper reports on research into the effect of the troposphere correction on the accuracy of the vertical component determination of an aircraft’s flight as it approaches landing at Deblin Airport. The article presents ellipsoidal height value of the aircraft when the troposphere correction is considered in navigational calculations and when it is not taken into account. Accuracy of the aircraft positioning in the vertical plane using the SPP method is determined. The study shows that application of the troposphere correction in navigational calculations increases the accuracy of the vertical component determination by 25%–32%. The article and the study may serve as a valuable source of information for pilots, flight instructors and aircraft crews during training in operation and implementation of GNSS in aviation

Accuracy Assessment of Aircraft Positioning Using the Dual-Frequency GPS Code Observations in Aviation

This study publishes results of tests with regard to determination of the aircraft positioning accuracy by means of the GPS navigation in aviation. The research exploits the mathematical model of the linear combination "IonosphereFree" in order to designate the coordinates of an aircraft. The research uses the actual GPS code observations, recorded by a satellite receiver mounted in the Cessna 172, at the time of the experiment for the EPDE military aerodrome in Dęblin. The computations of the position of the Cessna 172 aircraft for the linear combination "Ionosphere-Free" were made in the APS Toolbox v.1.0.0. programme. Within evaluation of accuracy of the GPS positioning in aviation, the determined coordinates of the aircraft Cessna 172 from the APS programme were compared to an accurate reference position from the solution derived by the PPP measurement technique. In the research, the authors obtained an average positioning accuracy of approximately 5 m in the geocentric XYZ coordinates and approximately 4 m in the ellipsoidal BLh coordinates. In addition, the 3D-error parameter is lower than 7 m for the XYZ geocentric coordinates

WATER PERMEABILITY OF EXTERIOR WOOD COATINGS: WATERBORNE ACRYLATE DISPERSIONS FOR WINDOWS

Bohm, Martin/0000-0001-5160-7169WOS: 000448985200001Permeability of coatings for water and water vapor is an important factor in their wood protective function. In this study, the permeability of coatings in terms of liquid water and water vapor absorption and desorption was measured based on different parts of the standard EN 927. This study evaluated the permeability of commercial coating systems and ascertained effects of coating layering on the coating permeability. For this measurement, six different waterborne acrylate dispersions were used as paint on spruce test samples. The results clearly revealed that liquid water and water vapor uptake were affected by coating film thickness, number of coats, and coating composition (producer). It was ascertained that the type of coating pigmentation affected water absorption of coatings and that with a constant coating film thickness, the number of coats affected water vapor absorption and desorption, but not water absorption. Furthermore, it was observed that the number of coats affected the correlation between the coating film thickness and water vapor absorption and desorption. The values for water vapor absorption were much higher than for liquid water absorption and, unlike the water vapor absorption rate, the water vapor desorption rate was approximately 50% lower.Czech University of Life Sciences Prague [CIGA 20174304]This research was funded by Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, project no. CIGA 20174304

WATER PERMEABILITY OF EXTERIOR WOOD COATINGS: WATERBORNE ACRYLATE DISPERSIONS FOR WINDOWS

Bohm, Martin/0000-0001-5160-7169WOS: 000448985200001Permeability of coatings for water and water vapor is an important factor in their wood protective function. In this study, the permeability of coatings in terms of liquid water and water vapor absorption and desorption was measured based on different parts of the standard EN 927. This study evaluated the permeability of commercial coating systems and ascertained effects of coating layering on the coating permeability. For this measurement, six different waterborne acrylate dispersions were used as paint on spruce test samples. The results clearly revealed that liquid water and water vapor uptake were affected by coating film thickness, number of coats, and coating composition (producer). It was ascertained that the type of coating pigmentation affected water absorption of coatings and that with a constant coating film thickness, the number of coats affected water vapor absorption and desorption, but not water absorption. Furthermore, it was observed that the number of coats affected the correlation between the coating film thickness and water vapor absorption and desorption. The values for water vapor absorption were much higher than for liquid water absorption and, unlike the water vapor absorption rate, the water vapor desorption rate was approximately 50% lower.Czech University of Life Sciences Prague [CIGA 20174304]This research was funded by Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, project no. CIGA 20174304

ULTRASOUND MEASUREMENT OF EXTERIOR WOOD COATING THICKNESS

Bohm, Martin/0000-0001-5160-7169WOS: 000450125000014The present paper deals with the measurement of coat thickness on wood using an ultrasonic measurement method. Exterior wood coatings (waterborne acrylate dispersions) with coating film thickness between 80 - 115 mu m were examined. The non-destructive film thickness measurement used a Sursonic ultrasound measuring device, enabling measurement of the thickness of thin films on non-ferromagnetic and simultaneously non-conductive materials. The device also enables measurement of very thin layers of coating films, where the transit time of an ultrasound pulse through the film is shorter than the time width of the pulse. The accuracy of measurement using this measuring device was determined; destructive measurement using a light microscope was chosen as a reference measurement method. Differences in the results measured using the destructive and non-destructive methods were recorded; nevertheless, in most cases, these differences are smaller than the uncertainty of measurement using the light microscope. It can be concluded, therefore, that the results of the two compared methods match over the entire range of thickness of 80 - 115 mu m. The largest differences in the measurement readings from the destructive and non-destructive methods were identified in the range of 97 - 103 mu m.Czech University of Life Sciences Prague [CIGA 20174304]This work was supported by Czech University of Life Sciences Prague [grant number CIGA 20174304]