70 research outputs found
Cross-Disciplinary Approaches to the Regeneration of Minor Historical Centers: The Case of Mogoro in Sardinia
In Italy, the regeneration of historic centers is a relevant issue in the theoretical debate and practice of urban planning, a discourse which usually adopts strictly constraining approaches and tools directed almost exclusively at the preservation of the traditional characters of historic build- ings, neglecting social and economic processes. In particular, the redevelopment of minor historic centers becomes a priority action for the revitalisation of marginal territories affected by the phe- nomena of depopulation and weakening of the socio-economic structure. The paper focuses on the regional context of Sardinia to investigate methods and criteria for the drafting of planning tools for the redevelopment of minor historic centers, enabling the definition and implementation of strate- gies in accordance with the objectives and guidelines of the Regional Landscape Plan. With a case study methodology applied to the historic center of Mogoro, the research discusses an innovative and interdisciplinary approach to the definition of flexible regulations to manage the urban regen- eration process
Sensitivity projections for a dual-phase argon TPC optimized for light dark matter searches through the ionization channel
Dark matter lighter than 10ââGeV/c2 encompasses a promising range of candidates. A conceptual design for a new detector, DarkSide-LowMass, is presented, based on the DarkSide-50 detector and progress toward DarkSide-20k, optimized for a low-threshold electron-counting measurement. Sensitivity to light dark matter is explored for various potential energy thresholds and background rates. These studies show that DarkSide-LowMass can achieve sensitivity to light dark matter down to the solar neutrino fog for GeV-scale masses and significant sensitivity down to 10ââMeV/c2 considering the Migdal effect or interactions with electrons. Requirements for optimizing the detectorâs sensitivity are explored, as are potential sensitivity gains from modeling and mitigating spurious electron backgrounds that may dominate the signal at the lowest energies
Acute Delta Hepatitis in Italy spanning three decades (1991â2019): Evidence for the effectiveness of the hepatitis B vaccination campaign
Updated incidence data of acute Delta virus hepatitis (HDV) are lacking worldwide. Our aim was to evaluate incidence of and risk factors for acute HDV in Italy after the introduction of the compulsory vaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV) in 1991. Data were obtained from the National Surveillance System of acute viral hepatitis (SEIEVA). Independent predictors of HDV were assessed by logistic-regression analysis. The incidence of acute HDV per 1-million population declined from 3.2 cases in 1987 to 0.04 in 2019, parallel to that of acute HBV per 100,000 from 10.0 to 0.39 cases during the same period. The median age of cases increased from 27 years in the decade 1991-1999 to 44 years in the decade 2010-2019 (p < .001). Over the same period, the male/female ratio decreased from 3.8 to 2.1, the proportion of coinfections increased from 55% to 75% (p = .003) and that of HBsAg positive acute hepatitis tested for by IgM anti-HDV linearly decreased from 50.1% to 34.1% (p < .001). People born abroad accounted for 24.6% of cases in 2004-2010 and 32.1% in 2011-2019. In the period 2010-2019, risky sexual behaviour (O.R. 4.2; 95%CI: 1.4-12.8) was the sole independent predictor of acute HDV; conversely intravenous drug use was no longer associated (O.R. 1.25; 95%CI: 0.15-10.22) with this. In conclusion, HBV vaccination was an effective measure to control acute HDV. Intravenous drug use is no longer an efficient mode of HDV spread. Testing for IgM-anti HDV is a grey area requiring alert. Acute HDV in foreigners should be monitored in the years to come
Sensitivity projections for a dual-phase argon TPC optimized for light dark matter searches through the ionization channel
Dark matter lighter than 10 GeV/c encompasses a promising range of
candidates. A conceptual design for a new detector, DarkSide-LowMass, is
presented, based on the DarkSide-50 detector and progress toward DarkSide-20k,
optimized for a low-threshold electron-counting measurement. Sensitivity to
light dark matter is explored for various potential energy thresholds and
background rates. These studies show that DarkSide-LowMass can achieve
sensitivity to light dark matter down to the solar neutrino floor for GeV-scale
masses and significant sensitivity down to 10 MeV/c considering the Migdal
effect or interactions with electrons. Requirements for optimizing the
detector's sensitivity are explored, as are potential sensitivity gains from
modeling and mitigating spurious electron backgrounds that may dominate the
signal at the lowest energies
Latest results of dark matter detection with the DarkSide experiment
In this contribution the latest results of dark matter direct detection obtained by the DarkSide Collaboration are discussed. New limits on the scattering cross-section between dark matter particles and baryonic matter have been set. The results have been reached using the DarkSide-50 detector, a double-phase Time Projection Chamber (TPC) filled with 40Ar and installed at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS). In 2018, the DarkSide Collaboration has performed three different types of analysis. The so-called high-mass analysis into the range between ⌠10 GeV and ⌠1000 GeV is discussed under the hypothesis of scattering between dark matter and Ar nuclei. The low-mass analysis, performed using the same hypothesis, extends the limit down to âŒ1.8 GeV. Through a different hypothesis, that predicts dark matter scattering off the electrons inside of the Ar atom, it has been possible to set limits for sub-GeV dark matter masses
SiPM-matrix readout of two-phase argon detectors using electroluminescence in the visible and near infrared range
Proportional electroluminescence (EL) in noble gases is used in two-phase detectors for dark matter searches to record (in the gas phase) the ionization signal induced by particle scattering in the liquid phase. The âstandardâ EL mechanism is considered to be due to noble gas excimer emission in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV). In addition, there are two alternative mechanisms, producing light in the visible and near infrared (NIR) ranges. The first is due to bremsstrahlung of electrons scattered on neutral atoms (âneutral bremsstrahlungâ, NBrS). The second, responsible for electron avalanche scintillation in the NIR at higher electric fields, is due to transitions between excited atomic states. In this work, we have for the first time demonstrated two alternative techniques of the optical readout of two-phase argon detectors, in the visible and NIR range, using a silicon photomultiplier matrix and electroluminescence due to either neutral bremsstrahlung or avalanche scintillation. The amplitude yield and position resolution were measured for these readout techniques, which allowed to assess the detection threshold for electron and nuclear recoils in two-phase argon detectors for dark matter searches. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first practical application of the NBrS effect in detection science
Design and construction of a new detector to measure ultra-low radioactive-isotope contamination of argon
Large liquid argon detectors offer one of the best avenues for the detection of galactic weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) via their scattering on atomic nuclei. The liquid argon target allows exquisite discrimination between nuclear and electron recoil signals via pulse-shape discrimination of the scintillation signals. Atmospheric argon (AAr), however, has a naturally occurring radioactive isotope, 39Ar, a ÎČ emitter of cosmogenic origin. For large detectors, the atmospheric 39Ar activity poses pile-up concerns. The use of argon extracted from underground wells, deprived of 39Ar, is key to the physics potential of these experiments. The DarkSide-20k dark matter search experiment will operate a dual-phase time projection chamber with 50 tonnes of radio-pure underground argon (UAr), that was shown to be depleted of 39Ar with respect to AAr by a factor larger than 1400. Assessing the 39Ar content of the UAr during extraction is crucial for the success of DarkSide-20k, as well as for future experiments of the Global Argon Dark Matter Collaboration (GADMC). This will be carried out by the DArT in ArDM experiment, a small chamber made with extremely radio-pure materials that will be placed at the centre of the ArDM detector, in the Canfranc Underground Laboratory (LSC) in Spain. The ArDM LAr volume acts as an active veto for background radioactivity, mostly Îł-rays from the ArDM detector materials and the surrounding rock. This article describes the DArT in ArDM project, including the chamber design and construction, and reviews the background required to achieve the expected performance of the detector
La misura dellâesistente. Riuso, progetto e costruzione in tre progetti dâautore
Per misura dellâesistente sâintende un approccio al progetto guidato da un duplice atteggiamento, orientato verso il luogo e verso la costruzione. Si individuano per questo quattro declinazioni di significato, poste a confronto con altrettante azioni progettuali, che definiscono un approccio calibrato sulla specificitaÌ del sito. Le coppie proposte sono misurare/proporzionare, misurare/confrontare, misurare/modificare e misurare/costruire. La ricerca si dipana lungo un attraversamento puntuale e sistematico degli edifici e dei rispettivi contesti, che prova a ricostruire il modo in cui le scelte progettuali, anche di dettaglio concorrano a delineare un sistema vecchio-nuovo anzicheÌ un accostamento, variamente declinato tra architetture contemporanee e architetture storiche. In questâottica si legge il tema del riuso adattivo, come pratica complessa e multidisciplinare di conservazione e modifica dellâesistente. In particolare, si propone che lâaggettivo adattivo faccia riferimento allâinsieme del sistema vecchio-nuovo al quale eÌ affidata la riuscita del processo e non semplicemente allâesistente, come piuÌ comunemente eÌ inteso, escludendo quindi un approccio ideologicamente aggressivo nei confronti del costruito storico o monumentale. Il riuso prevede una prima fase di verifica di compatibilitaÌ tra il nuovo programma e le sue necessitaÌ funzionali e le potenzialitaÌ esprimibili dallâimpianto storico/esistente, per valutare lâarticolazione del sistema vecchio nuovo e capire il bilanciamento tra conservazione e innovazione, secondo due principi disciplinari generali sempre validi: compatibilitaÌ e minimo intervento. Inoltre, si suggerisce una distinzione tra il termine uso e quello di funzione, assegnando a questâultima una connotazione piuÌ marcatamente operativa. Il termine uso apre invece a una complessitaÌ di significato meglio rispondente alle esigenze dei programmi di flessibilitaÌ e adattabilitaÌ contemporanei, non soltanto in termini di molteplicitaÌ funzionale e indeterminazione di alcuni spazi, ma in termini di frequentazione e appropriazione degli stessi. Tre i progetti contemporanei in ambito storico, attraverso cui si svolge la ricerca: il Museo di Belle Arti e Arte Romana a Zamora, il Museo del Vino a PenÌafiel e il Museo di San Telmo a San Sebastian. Il filo guida che li lega, come anticipato nellâintroduzione e nel primo capitolo, eÌ il tema dellâattraversamento, del muoversi attraverso, inteso sia come tema progettuale esplicito ed esplicitato negli edifici realizzati, sia in senso piuÌ ampio di muoversi attraverso le cose, nella loro dimensione reale e in profonditaÌ, con unâidea di confronto e ricerca di relazione
Conservation as a design opportunity. Protection systems in the archaeological field.
Il contributo esplora il tema del progetto contemporaneo in ambito archeologico, relativamente alle
necessitaÌ della conservazione e della musealizzazione in situ. La protezione in situ eÌ una di quelle
condizioni di limite nelle quali eÌ interessante definire il campo di relazioni reali e potenziali fra la
preesistenza e il nuovo. Emerge una condizione di equilibrio delicata che, a partire dallo scavo, evidenzia
la necessitaÌ del progetto contemporaneo per la conservazione del sito archeologico, non soltanto in
termini prestazionali. Se lâobiettivo minimo delle infrastrutture di protezione eÌ di tipo preventivo, il tema
della presa in cura del patrimonio archeologico e storico, individua unâintersezione feconda col tema del
riuso degli spazi e del suolo, in termini di frequentazione e riappropriazione. Infatti, la sola
conservazione della materia eÌ lâunico modo di confrontarsi con lâereditaÌ del patrimonio? [1] Il quesito
investe il potenziale dei dispositivi di protezione in termini non soltanto di progetto, qualitaÌ dello spazio,
qualitaÌ della conservazione ma di radicamento e attualizzazione del patrimonio conservato, intesa questa
come assimilazione e appropriazione nellâalveo dei processi di lunga durata, che non si esaurisca in una
stratificazione diacronica basata esclusivamente sulla distinguibilitaÌ per forma e linguaggio, non sempre
in grado di generare un sistema vecchio-nuovo.
Il contributo evidenzia questioni di metodo rispetto al tema del rapporto antico-nuovo per individuare
un potenziale approccio preliminare alle considerazioni del caso per caso, provando a superare
unâimpostazione di retroguardia, rilevabile anche nella terminologia, che ancora vede il progetto in
ambito archeologico definito entro i limiti della protezione provvisionale, dello sheltering. I nodi chiave
di questo approccio sono: la peculiaritaÌ della preesistenza archeologica in termini spaziali, temporali
(preesistenza differita) e di fragilitaÌ; lâassenza di relazioni strutturate col luogo; lâinterscalaritaÌ e la
multiscalaritaÌ del problema; il progetto contemporaneo non come subordinata funzionale della
preesistenza ma come una necessitaÌ che vada oltre il quadro prestazionale per la costruzione e
ricostruzione delle relazioni della preesistenza col luogo e col paesaggio, nella quale i temi
dellâattraversamento e della riappropriazione sono determinanti; che lo sviluppo dei nuovi strumenti di
realtaÌ virtuale possono sgravare lâarchitettura dallâonere della simulazione filologica dello spazio
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