SIZE AND IMPLICATION OF UNDERGROUND ECONOMY IN ROMANIA - A MIMIC APPROACH

Since the economic crisis affected the real economy in Romania, the official GDPdeclined by almost 5 percent in 2009 compared with 2008, 1.3 percent in 2010 against the previousyear and unemployment increased too. In 2011 a moderate growth of the GDP is expected butunemployment will further increase. Against this background the extent of the underground economy inRomania and its development over time are once again the subject of intense debate, as many peoplewill attempt to make up for loss of income in the official economy through greater participation in theunderground economy.The objective of this paper is to estimate the size of the underground economy in Romania by using theMultiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) method. The MIMIC approach is based on the idea thatthe underground economy is not a directly observable measure, but it is possible to approximate itusing quantitatively measurable causes of working in the underground economy and using indicatorsin which underground economic activities are reflected. In addition, the paper aims at clarifying towhat extent the variables explain the size of the underground economy in Romania.underground economy, Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC), latent variable, structuralequation model

Preparation of biomimetic species from iodophenylalanine

Sodium Bis (4-(2,3-diaminopropyl)phenyl)phosphinate (Na-BDAP) ligand has been designed to self-assemble in the presence of an appropriate metal ion forming a structure able to interact preferentially with hydrophobic, anionic guests;Cations such as Zn2+, Pd2+ and Co3+ have specific functional and structural roles in the constitution of these macrocycles, differentiating their binding affinities and geometries from those found for earlier studied hosts. Pd-catalyzed couplings using t-butylphosphinates are key steps in the synthesis of the ligand. The directed synthesis and preliminary study of an isolable Co(III) complex of the BDAP-ligand is described along with the possible applications of these macrocyclic complexes in catalysis and stereoselective binding.* ftn*Please refer to the dissertation for diagram

All-Path Reachability Logic

This paper presents a language-independent proof system for reachability properties of programs written in non-deterministic (e.g., concurrent) languages, referred to as all-path reachability logic. It derives partial-correctness properties with all-path semantics (a state satisfying a given precondition reaches states satisfying a given postcondition on all terminating execution paths). The proof system takes as axioms any unconditional operational semantics, and is sound (partially correct) and (relatively) complete, independent of the object language. The soundness has also been mechanized in Coq. This approach is implemented in a tool for semantics-based verification as part of the K framework (http://kframework.org

Reachability Logic

Abstract. This paper introduces *reachability logic*, a language-independent seven-rule proof system for deriving reachability properties of systems. The key ingredients of *reachability logic* are its sentences, which are called reachability rules and generalize the transitions of operational semantics and the Hoare triples of axiomatic semantics, and the *Circularity* proof rule, which generalizes invariant proof rules for iterative and recursive constructs in axiomatic semantics. The target transition system is described as a set of reachability rules, which are taken as axioms in a reachability logic proof. Typical definition styles which can be read as collections of reachability rules include conventional small-step and big-step operational semantics. The reachability logic proof system is shown sound (in the sense of partial correctness) and relatively complete. The soundness result has also been formalized in Coq, allowing to convert reachability logic proofs into proof certificates depending only on the operational semantics and the unavoidable domain reasoning. Reachability logic thus eliminates the need to independently define an axiomatic and an operational semantics for each language, and the non-negligible effort to prove the former sound and complete w.r.t the latter.unpublishednot peer reviewe

Cold atoms in space: community workshop summary and proposed road-map

We summarise the discussions at a virtual Community Workshop on Cold Atoms in Space concerning the status of cold atom technologies, the prospective scientific and societal opportunities offered by their deployment in space, and the developments needed before cold atoms could be operated in space. The cold atom technologies discussed include atomic clocks, quantum gravimeters and accelerometers, and atom interferometers. Prospective applications include metrology, geodesy and measurement of terrestrial mass change due to, e.g., climate change, and fundamental science experiments such as tests of the equivalence principle, searches for dark matter, measurements of gravitational waves and tests of quantum mechanics. We review the current status of cold atom technologies and outline the requirements for their space qualification, including the development paths and the corresponding technical milestones, and identifying possible pathfinder missions to pave the way for missions to exploit the full potential of cold atoms in space. Finally, we present a first draft of a possible road-map for achieving these goals, that we propose for discussion by the interested cold atom, Earth Observation, fundamental physics and other prospective scientific user communities, together with the European Space Agency (ESA) and national space and research funding agencies.publishedVersio

Terrestrial Very-Long-Baseline Atom Interferometry:Workshop Summary

This document presents a summary of the 2023 Terrestrial Very-Long-Baseline Atom Interferometry Workshop hosted by CERN. The workshop brought together experts from around the world to discuss the exciting developments in large-scale atom interferometer (AI) prototypes and their potential for detecting ultralight dark matter and gravitational waves. The primary objective of the workshop was to lay the groundwork for an international TVLBAI proto-collaboration. This collaboration aims to unite researchers from different institutions to strategize and secure funding for terrestrial large-scale AI projects. The ultimate goal is to create a roadmap detailing the design and technology choices for one or more km-scale detectors, which will be operational in the mid-2030s. The key sections of this report present the physics case and technical challenges, together with a comprehensive overview of the discussions at the workshop together with the main conclusions

Cold atoms in space: community workshop summary and proposed road-map

We summarise the discussions at a virtual Community Workshop on Cold Atoms in Space concerning the status of cold atom technologies, the prospective scientific and societal opportunities offered by their deployment in space, and the developments needed before cold atoms could be operated in space. The cold atom technologies discussed include atomic clocks, quantum gravimeters and accelerometers, and atom interferometers. Prospective applications include metrology, geodesy and measurement of terrestrial mass change due to, e.g., climate change, and fundamental science experiments such as tests of the equivalence principle, searches for dark matter, measurements of gravitational waves and tests of quantum mechanics. We review the current status of cold atom technologies and outline the requirements for their space qualification, including the development paths and the corresponding technical milestones, and identifying possible pathfinder missions to pave the way for missions to exploit the full potential of cold atoms in space. Finally, we present a first draft of a possible road-map for achieving these goals, that we propose for discussion by the interested cold atom, Earth Observation, fundamental physics and other prospective scientific user communities, together with the European Space Agency (ESA) and national space and research funding agencies

Cold atoms in space: community workshop summary and proposed road-map

We summarise the discussions at a virtual Community Workshop on Cold Atoms in Space concerning the status of cold atom technologies, the prospective scientific and societal opportunities offered by their deployment in space, and the developments needed before cold atoms could be operated in space. The cold atom technologies discussed include atomic clocks, quantum gravimeters and accelerometers, and atom interferometers. Prospective applications include metrology, geodesy and measurement of terrestrial mass change due to, e.g., climate change, and fundamental science experiments such as tests of the equivalence principle, searches for dark matter, measurements of gravitational waves and tests of quantum mechanics. We review the current status of cold atom technologies and outline the requirements for their space qualification, including the development paths and the corresponding technical milestones, and identifying possible pathfinder missions to pave the way for missions to exploit the full potential of cold atoms in space. Finally, we present a first draft of a possible road-map for achieving these goals, that we propose for discussion by the interested cold atom, Earth Observation, fundamental physics and other prospective scientific user communities, together with the European Space Agency (ESA) and national space and research funding agencies

Preparation of biomimetic species from iodophenylalanine

Sodium Bis (4-(2,3-diaminopropyl)phenyl)phosphinate (Na-BDAP) ligand has been designed to self-assemble in the presence of an appropriate metal ion forming a structure able to interact preferentially with hydrophobic, anionic guests;Cations such as Zn2+, Pd2+ and Co3+ have specific functional and structural roles in the constitution of these macrocycles, differentiating their binding affinities and geometries from those found for earlier studied hosts. Pd-catalyzed couplings using t-butylphosphinates are key steps in the synthesis of the ligand. The directed synthesis and preliminary study of an isolable Co(III) complex of the BDAP-ligand is described along with the possible applications of these macrocyclic complexes in catalysis and stereoselective binding.* ftn*Please refer to the dissertation for diagram.</p