EHD2 is a mechanotransducer connecting caveolae dynamics with gene transcription

Caveolae are small invaginated pits that function as dynamic mechanosensors to buffer tension variations at the plasma membrane. Here we show that under mechanical stress, the EHD2 ATPase is rapidly released from caveolae, SUMOylated, and translocated to the nucleus, where it regulates the transcription of several genes including those coding for caveolae constituents. We also found that EHD2 is required to maintain the caveolae reservoir at the plasma membrane during the variations of membrane tension induced by mechanical stress. Metal-replica electron microscopy of breast cancer cells lacking EHD2 revealed a complete absence of caveolae and a lack of gene regulation under mechanical stress. Expressing EHD2 was sufficient to restore both functions in these cells. Our findings therefore define EHD2 as a central player in mechanotransduction connecting the disassembly of the caveolae reservoir with the regulation of gene transcription under mechanical stress

Graded quantum cluster algebras and an application to quantum Grassmannians

We introduce a framework for Z-gradings on cluster algebras (and their quantum analogues) that are compatible with mutation. To do this, one chooses the degrees of the (quantum) cluster variables in an initial seed subject to a compatibility with the initial exchange matrix, and then one extends this to all cluster variables by mutation. The resulting grading has the property that every (quantum) cluster variable is homogeneous. In the quantum setting, we use this grading framework to give a construction that behaves somewhat like twisting, in that it produces a new quantum cluster algebra with the same cluster combinatorics but with different quasi-commutation relations between the cluster variables. We apply these results to show that the quantum Grassmannians $K_q[Gr(k, n)]$ admit quantum cluster algebra structures, as quantizations of the cluster algebra structures on the classical Grassmannian coordinate ring found by Scott. This is done by lifting the quantum cluster algebra structure on quantum matrices due to Geiß–Leclerc–Schröer and completes earlier work of the authors on the finite-type cases

Congenital bile duct cyst (BDC) is a more indolent disease in children compared to adults, except for Todani type IV-A BDC: results of the European multicenter study of the French Surgical Association

International audienc

Congenital bile duct cyst (BDC) is a more indolent disease in children compared to adults, except for Todani type IV-A BDC: results of the European multicenter study of the French Surgical Association

International audienc