8 research outputs found
Allergic Symptoms in Workers in Out-Patient Card
As workers in the out-patient card storage room of a university hospital complained frequent allergic symptoms (such as runny nose, sneeze, cough, eye itching, eye redness, and also asthma like symptoms), particularly during work periods, this cross-sectional survey was conducted to evaluate the extent, severity, and cause of these allergic symptoms. Datas were collected by walkthrough survey and self-administrated questionnaires during 10 â 17 January 2006. Study results, showed that the work area was poorly ventilated, with molds on the air-vent slits. Some areas were dusty. Average room humidity and temperature were 46 percent and 20.4 °c respectively, whereas the recommended standards for these parameters according to the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) were 30 â 60 percent and 22.8 â 25 °c respectively. The concentrations of airborne particulate matter less than 10 and 2.5 Âĩm, as well as airborne fungi were well within the recommended standards. Concerning workers health, 36 out of totally 45 workers (80 percent) complained nose fullness, runny nose, and sneezing, while 28 workers (62.2 percent) experienced throat itching, dry throat, and hoarseness of voice. The frequencies of symptoms were minimal to moderate, affecting 20 â 30 workers (44.5 â 66.7 percent) during weekdays and 16 â 18 workers (35.6 â 40.0 percent) during the weekends. Among those with the symptoms during weekdays, 30 (66.7 percent) reported the symptoms during working hours. In conclusion, the raised temperature of work area up to the standard level is recommended, and cause of allergic symptoms among workers need further investigatio
Path Analysis of Factors Influencing Smoking Behavior and Nicotine Dependence Level among Motorcycle Taxi Drivers in Songkhla Province
āļāļāļāļąāļāļĒāđāļ āļ§āļąāļāļāļļāļāļĢāļ°āļŠāļāļāđ: āđāļāļ·āđāļāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļāļĪāļāļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļđāļāļāļļāļŦāļĢāļĩāđ āđāļĨāļ°āļ§āļīāđāļāļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđāđāļŠāđāļāļāļēāļāļāļąāļāļāļąāļĒāļāļĩāđāļŠāđāļāļāļĨāļāđāļāļāļĪāļāļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļđāļāļāļļāļŦāļĢāļĩāđāđāļĨāļ°āļĢāļ°āļāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļīāļāļāļīāđāļāļāļīāļ āđāļāļāļāļāļąāļāļĢāļāļāļąāļāļĢāļĒāļēāļāļĒāļāļāđāļŠāļēāļāļēāļĢāļāļ° āļāļąāļāļŦāļ§āļąāļāļŠāļāļāļĨāļē āļ§āļīāļāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļē: āđāļāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāđāļāļīāļāļāļĢāļĢāļāļāļēāļ āļēāļāļāļąāļāļāļ§āļēāļ āļāļĨāļļāđāļĄāļāļąāļ§āļāļĒāđāļēāļāļāļ·āļāļāļāļāļąāļāļĢāļāļāļąāļāļĢāļĒāļēāļāļĒāļāļāđāļŠāļēāļāļēāļĢāļāļ°āđāļāļāļģāđāļ āļāđāļĄāļ·āļāļāļŠāļāļāļĨāļēāđāļĨāļ°āļāļģāđāļ āļāļŦāļēāļāđāļŦāļāđāļāļĩāđāļŠāļđāļāļāļļāļŦāļĢāļĩāđ āļāļąāđāļāļŦāļĄāļ 90 āļāļ āđāļāđāļāļāđāļāļĄāļđāļĨāļāđāļ§āļĒāđāļāļāļŠāļāļāļāļēāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļģāļĢāļ§āļāļāļĪāļāļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļđāļāļāļļāļŦāļĢāļĩāđ āđāļāļāļāļāļŠāļāļāļ§āļąāļāļĢāļ°āļāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļīāļāļāļīāđāļāļāļīāļ āđāļĨāļ°āđāļāļāļāļĢāļ°āđāļĄāļīāļāļāļąāļāđāļāļāļāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļāļĢāđāļāļĄāđāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļĨāļīāļāļŠāļđāļāļāļļāļŦāļĢāļĩāđ āđāļāļĢāļ·āđāļāļāļĄāļĩāļĄāļĩāļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļāļ·āđāļāļĄāļąāđāļāļŠāļđāļ (āļāđāļēāļŠāļąāļĄāļāļĢāļ°āļŠāļīāļāļāļīāđāđāļāļĨāļāļēāļāļāļāļāļĢāļāļāļāļēāļ āđāļāđāļēāļāļąāļ 0.859, 0.903 āđāļĨāļ° 0.969 āļāļēāļĄāļĨāļģāļāļąāļ) āđāļĨāļ°āļ§āļīāđāļāļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđāļāđāļāļĄāļđāļĨāđāļāļĒāđāļāđāļŠāļāļīāļāļīāđāļāļīāļāļāļĢāļĢāļāļāļēāđāļĨāļ°āļ§āļīāđāļāļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđāđāļŠāđāļāļāļēāļāļāļąāļāļāļąāļĒ āļāļĨāļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļē: āļāļĨāļļāđāļĄāļāļąāļ§āļāļĒāđāļēāļāđāļāđāļāđāļāļĻāļāļēāļĒāļāļąāđāļāļŦāļĄāļ āļŠāđāļ§āļāđāļŦāļāđāļāļēāļĒāļļ 51-60 āļāļĩ āļŠāļđāļāļāļļāļŦāļĢāļĩāđāđāļĄāđāđāļāļīāļ 10 āļĄāļ§āļāļāđāļāļ§āļąāļ (52.2%) āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļđāļāļāļļāļāļ§āļąāļ (91.1%) āļĄāļąāļāļŠāļđāļāļāļļāļŦāļĢāļĩāđāļāļāļ°āļāļąāđāļāļāļąāļāļāļĩāđāļāļīāļ§āļĢāļāļāļąāļāļĢāļĒāļēāļāļĒāļāļāđ (42.2%) āļāļāļ§āđāļēāđāļĄāđāļāļĨāđāļŠāđāļāļāļēāļāļāļąāļāļāļąāļĒāļāļĩāđāļŠāđāļāļāļĨāļāđāļāļāļĪāļāļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļđāļāļāļļāļŦāļĢāļĩāđāđāļĨāļ°āļĢāļ°āļāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļīāļāļāļīāđāļāļāļīāļāļŠāļāļāļāļĨāđāļāļāļāļąāļāļāđāļāļĄāļđāļĨāđāļāļīāļāļāļĢāļ°āļāļąāļāļĐāđ (Ï2 = 19.558, df = 21, Ï2/df = 0.931, P-value = 0.549, CFI = 1.000, TLI = 1.000, RMSEA < 0.001, SRMR = 0.057, R2 = 0.686) āđāļāļĒāļāļĪāļāļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļđāļāļāļļāļŦāļĢāļĩāđāđāļāļāđāļēāļāļĢāļ°āļĒāļ°āđāļ§āļĨāļēāļāļĩāđāļŠāļđāļāļāļļāļŦāļĢāļĩāđāđāļāđāļĢāļąāļāļāļīāļāļāļīāļāļĨāļāļēāļāļāļēāļĒāļļ āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļāļĢāļđāđāļāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāđāļāļŠāļļāļāļ āļēāļ āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļāļĢāļđāđāļāļāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļŦāđāļēāļĄāļŠāļđāļāļāļļāļŦāļĢāļĩāđāđāļāļāļĩāđāļŠāļēāļāļēāļĢāļāļ° āļŠāđāļ§āļāļāļĪāļāļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļđāļāļāļļāļŦāļĢāļĩāđāđāļāļāđāļēāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļāļĒāļēāļĒāļēāļĄāđāļĨāļīāļāļāļļāļŦāļĢāļĩāđāđāļāđāļĢāļąāļāļāļīāļāļāļīāļāļĨāļāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļāļĢāļđāđāļāļāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļŦāđāļēāļĄāļŠāļđāļāļāļļāļŦāļĢāļĩāđāđāļāļāļĩāđāļŠāļēāļāļēāļĢāļāļ° āđāļĨāļ°āļĢāļ°āļāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļīāļāļāļīāđāļāļāļīāļāđāļāđāļĢāļąāļāļāļīāļāļāļīāļāļĨāļāļēāļāļāļĪāļāļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļđāļāļāļļāļŦāļĢāļĩāđāđāļāļāđāļēāļāļāļĢāļīāļĄāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļđāļāļāļļāļŦāļĢāļĩāđ āļāļ§āļēāļĄāļāļĒāļēāļĒāļēāļĄāđāļĨāļīāļāļāļļāļŦāļĢāļĩāđ āļāļąāļāļŦāļēāļāļēāļāļāđāļēāļāļŠāļļāļāļ āļēāļāļŦāļĢāļ·āļāđāļĢāļāļāļĩāđāđāļāļīāļāļāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļđāļāļāļļāļŦāļĢāļĩāđ āļāļąāļĻāļāļāļāļīāļāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļđāļāļāļļāļŦāļĢāļĩāđ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļāļĢāļđāđāļāļāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļŦāđāļēāļĄāļŠāļđāļāļāļļāļŦāļĢāļĩāđāđāļāļāļĩāđāļŠāļēāļāļēāļĢāļāļ° āļŠāļĢāļļāļ: āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļāļāļģāļāļĨāļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāđāļāđāļāđāļāļ§āļāļēāļāļāļąāļāđāļāļĢāđāļāļĢāļĄāđāļĨāļīāļāļāļļāļŦāļĢāļĩāđāđāļŦāđāļāļāļāļąāļāļĢāļāļāļąāļāļĢāļĒāļēāļāļĒāļāļāđāļŠāļēāļāļēāļĢāļāļ°āđāļāļĒāđāļāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļĢāđāļēāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļāļĢāļ°āļŦāļāļąāļāđāļāļĩāđāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļāļāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāđāļāļŠāļļāļāļ āļēāļ āļāļāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļŦāđāļēāļĄāļŠāļđāļāļāļļāļŦāļĢāļĩāđāđāļāļāļĩāđāļŠāļēāļāļēāļĢāļāļ° āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāđāļāđāļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļāļąāļĻāļāļāļāļīāđāļāļīāļāļĨāļāļāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļđāļāļāļļāļŦāļĢāļĩāđ āļāļģāļŠāļģāļāļąāļ : āļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāđāļāļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđāđāļŠāđāļāļāļēāļ, āļāļĪāļāļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļđāļāļāļļāļŦāļĢāļĩāđ, āļāļēāļĢāļāļīāļāļāļīāđāļāļāļīāļ, āļāļāļāļąāļāļĢāļāļāļąāļāļĢāļĒāļēāļāļĒāļāļāđāļŠāļēāļāļēāļĢāļāļ°Abstract Objective: To determine levels of and factors influencing smoking behavior and nicotine dependence level of motorcycle taxi riders in Songkhla province. Method: This cross-sectional descriptive survey recruited 90 motorcycle taxi drivers in Mueang Songkhla district and Hatyai district. Data were collected by the questionnaire on smoking behavior, the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence, and the readiness to quit ladder. These questionnaires had high internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficients of 0.859, 0.903 and 0.969, respectively). The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and path analysis. Results: All participants were male. The majority were 51 - 60 years old, smoked no more than 10 cigarettes per day (52.2%), smoked daily (91.1%), and smoked at the motorcycle taxi queue (42.2%). Factors influencing smoking behavior and nicotine dependence level fit well with empirical data (Ï2 = 19.558, df = 21, Ï2/df = 0.931, P-value = 0.549, CFI = 1.000, TLI = 1.000, RMSEA < 0.001, SRMR = 0.057, R2 = 0.686). The smoking duration was influenced by age, health impact perception, and perception of the law prohibiting smoking. The quit attempt was influenced by perception of the law prohibiting smoking. The nicotine dependence level was influenced by smoking amount, the quit attempt, health problem or smoking related diseases, attitude towards smoking, and perception of the law prohibiting smoking. Conclusion: The results could be used as a guideline to develop a proper smoking cessation program for motorcycle taxi riders that focuses on awareness of the health issues, the law prohibiting smoking, and the negative attitude towards smoking. Keywords: path analysis, smoking behavior, nicotine dependence, motorcycle taxi drive
Noise Exposure Assessment in a Dental School
Objectives: This cross-sectional study was performed in the Dental School of Prince of Songkla University to ascertain noise exposure of dentists, dental assistants, and laboratory technicians. A noise spectral analysis was taken to illustrate the spectra of dental devices.Methods: A noise evaluation was performed to measure the noise level at dental clinics and one dental laboratory from May to December 2010. Noise spectral data of dental devices were taken during dental practices at the dental services clinic and at the dental laboratory. A noise dosimeter was set following the Occupational Safety and Health Administration criteria and then attached to the subjectsâ collar to record personal noise dose exposure during working periods.Results: The peaks of the noise spectrum of dental instruments were at 1,000, 4,000, and 8,000 Hz which depended on the type of instrument. The differences in working areas and job positions had an influence on the level of noise exposure (p < 0.01). Noise measurement in the personal hearing zone found that the laboratory technicians were exposed to the highest impulsive noise levels (137.1 dBC). The dentists and dental assistants who worked at a pedodontic clinic had the highest percent noise dose (4.60 Âą 3.59%). In the working areas, the 8-hour time-weighted average of noise levels ranged between 49.7-58.1 dBA while the noisiest working area was the dental laboratory.Conclusion: Dental personnel are exposed to noise intensities lower than occupational exposure limits. Therefore, these dental personnel may not experience a noise-induced hearing loss
The Geriatric Depression Scale Predicts Glycemic Control in Older Adult with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Longitudinal Study
The presence of comorbid depression and diabetes is associated with worse glycemic control, higher complication and greater mortality risk than expected by each condition alone. The association between various levels of severity of depressive symptoms and glycemic control over time among type 2 diabetic older patients was unclear. This study aimed to investigate a longitudinal association between depression and HbA1c among type 2 diabetic older patients. Type 2 diabetes patients aged 60 years and above with normal cognition were recruited from the outpatient department from 1 June 2020 to 1 July 2021. The Thai Geriatric Depression Scale (TGDS) and HbA1c were assessed at five time points (baseline and every 12 weeks) for 1 year. A linear mixed effect model was used. Of the 161 enrolled participants, 146 completed the study. At baseline, 14% were susceptible to depression or having depression (TGDS score 6 and above), and there was a significant correlation between HbA1c and depression (r = 0.26, p ≤ 0.01). The longitudinal analysis indicated that TGDS was a significant predictor of HbA1c in the next visit, and the relationship was J-shaped. A TGDS below 5 was associated with decreasing HbA1c in the next visit, but the association became positive at a TGDS score at 5 or higher. The presence of significant symptoms of depression was associated with glycemic control in the next 3-month interval OPD visit event, although major depressive disorder has not yet been established