On Hopf algebra structures over free operads

The operad Lie can be constructed as the operad of primitives Prim As from the operad As of associative algebras. This is reflected by the theorems of Friedrichs, Poincare'-Birkhoff-Witt and Cartier-Milnor-Moore. We replace As by families of free operads P, which include the operad Mag freely generated by a noncommutative non-associative binary operation and the operad of Stasheff polytopes. We obtain Poincare'-Birkhoff-Witt type theorems and collect information about the operads Prim P, e.g. in terms of characteristic functions.Comment: 25pages, uses elsart.cls, paper extracted from habilitation thesis (math.RA/0407074), revised (more details in sections 2,3,4, and 6

Industry 4.0: The Future of Indo-German Industrial Collaboration

Industry 4.0 can be described as the fourth industrial revolution, a mega- trend that affects every company around the world. It envisions interconnections and collaboration between people, products and machines within and across enterprises. Why does Industry 4.0 make for an excellent platform for industrial collaboration between India and Germany? The answers lie in economic as well as social factors. Both countries have strengths and weakness and strategic collaboration using the principles of Industry 4.0 can help both increase their industrial output, GDP and make optimal use of human resources. As a global heavy weight in manufacturing and machine export, Germany has a leading position in the development and deployment of Industry 4.0 concepts and technology. However, its IT sector, formed by a labor force of 800,000 employees, is not enough. It needs more professionals to reach its full potential. India, on the other hand, is a global leader in IT and business process outsourcing. But its manufacturing industry needs to grow significantly and compete globally. These realities clearly show the need for Industry 4.0-based collaboration between Germany and India. So how does Industry 4.0 work? In a first step, we look at the technical pers- pective – the vertical and horizontal integration of Industry 4.0 principles in enterprises. Vertical integration refers to operations within Smart Factories and horizontal integration to Smart Supply Chains across businesses. In the second step, we look at manufacturing, chemical industry and the IT sector as potential targets for collaboration between the two countries. We use case studies to illustrate the benefits of the deployment of Industry 4.0. Potential collaboration patterns are discussed along different forms of value chains and along companies’ ability to achieve Industry 4.0 status. We analyse the social impact of Industry 4.0 on India and Germany and find that it works very well in the coming years. Germany with its dwindling labor force might be compensated through the automation. This will ensure continued high productivity levels and rise in GDP. India, on the other hand has a burgeoning labor market, with 10 million workers annually entering the job market. Given that the manufacturing sector will be at par with Europe in efficiency and costs by 2023, pressure on India’s labor force will increase even more. Even its robust IT sector will suffer fewer hires because of increased automation. Rapid development of technologies – for the Internet of Things (IoT) or for connectivity like Low-Power WAN – makes skilling and reskilling of the labor force critical for augmenting smart manufacturing. India and Germany have been collaborating at three levels relevant to Industry 4.0 – industry, government and academics. How can these be taken forward? The two countries have a long history of trade. The Indo-German Chamber of Commerce (IGCC) is the largest such chamber in India and the largest German chamber worldwide. VDMA (Verband Deutscher Maschinen- und Anlagenbau, Mechanical Engineering Industry Association), the largest industry association in Europe, maintains offices in India. Indian key players in IT, in turn, have subsidia- ries in Germany and cooperate with German companies in the area of Industry 4.0. Collaboration is also supported on governmental level. As government initiatives go, India has launched the “Make in India” initiative and the “Make in India Mittelstand! (MIIM)” programme as a part of it. The Indian Government is also supporting “smart manufacturing” initiatives in a major way. Centers of Excellence driven by the industry and academic bodies are being set up. Germany and India have a long tradition of research collaboration as well. Germany is the second scientific collaborator of India and Indian students form the third largest group of foreign students in Germany. German institutions like the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) or the German House for Research and Innovation (DWIH) are working to strengthen ties between the scientific communities of the two countries, and between their academia and industry. What prevents Industry 4.0 from becoming a more widely used technology? Recent surveys in Germany and India show that awareness about Industry 4.0 is still low, especially among small and medium manufacturing enterprises. IT companies, on the other hand, are better prepared. There is a broad demand for support, regarding customtailored solutions, information on case studies and the willingness to participate in Industry 4.0 pilot projects and to engage in its platform and networking activities. We also found similar responses at workshops conducted with Industry 4.0 stakehold- ers in June 2017 in Bangalore and Pune and in an online survey. What can be done to change this? Both countries should strengthen their efforts to create awareness for Industry 4.0, especially among small and medium enterprises. Germany should also put more emphasis on making their Industry 4.0 technology known to the Indian market. India’s IT giants, on the other hand, should make their Industry 4.0 offers more visible to the German market. The governments should support the establishing of joint Industry 4.0 collaboration platforms, centers of excellence and incubators to ease the dissemination of knowledge and technology. On academic level, joint research programs and exchange programs should be set up to foster the skilling of labor force in the deployment of Industry 4.0 methods and technologies

Partial magmatic bialgebras

A partial magmatic bialgebra, (T;S)-magmatic bialgebra where T \subset S are subsets of the set of positive integers, is a vector space endowed with an n-ary operation for each n in S and an m-ary co-operation for each m in T satisfying some compatibility and unitary relations. We prove an analogue of the Poincar\'e-Birkhoff-Witt theorem for these partial magmatic bialgebras.Comment: Revised version, after suggestions of the anonymous referee, 20 page

Fundamental Limits of Energy-Efficient Resource Sharing, Power Control and Discontinuous Transmission

The achievable gains via power-optimal scheduling are investigated. Under the QoS constraint of a guaranteed link rate, the overall power consumed by a cellular BS is minimized. Available alternatives for the minimization of transmit power consumption are presented. The transmit power is derived for the two-user downlink situation. The analysis is extended to incorporate a BS power model (which maps transmit power to supply power consumption) and the use of DTX in a BS. Overall potential gains are evaluated by comparison of a conventional SOTA BS with one that employs DTX exclusively, a power control scheme and an optimal combined DTX and power control scheme. Fundamental limits of the achievable savings are found to be at 5.5 dB under low load and 2 dB under high load when comparing the SOTA consumption with optimal allocation under the chosen power model.Comment: 12 pages, ISBN 978-1-4577-0928-9. In Future Network & Mobile Summit (FutureNetw), 201

A Parameterized Base Station Power Model

Power models are needed to assess the power consumption of cellular Base Station (BS) on an abstract level. Currently available models are either too simplified to cover necessary aspects or overly complex. We provide a parameterized linear power model which covers the individual aspects of a BS which are relevant for a power consumption analysis, especially the transmission bandwidth and the number of radio chains. Details reflecting the underlying architecture are abstracted in favor of simplicity and applicability. We identify current power-saving techniques of cellular networks for which this model can be used. Furthermore, the parameter set of typical commercial BS is provided and compared to the underlying complex model. The complex model is well approximated while only using a fraction of the input parameters.Comment: 9 page

Signal recognition particle binds to translating ribosomes before emergence of a signal anchor sequence.

The bacterial signal recognition particle (SRP) is part of the machinery that targets ribosomes synthesizing membrane proteins to membrane-embedded translocons co-translationally. Recognition of nascent membrane proteins occurs by virtue of a hydrophobic signal-anchor sequence (SAS) contained in the nascent chain, usually at the N terminus. Here we use fluorescence-based stopped-flow to monitor SRP-ribosome interactions with actively translating ribosomes while an SRP substrate is synthesized and emerges from the peptide exit tunnel. The kinetic analysis reveals that, at cellular concentrations of ribosomes and SRP, SRP rapidly binds to translating ribosomes prior to the emergence of an SAS and forms an initial complex that rapidly rearranges to a more stable engaged complex. When the growing peptide reaches a length of ∼50 amino acids and the SAS is partially exposed, SRP undergoes another conformational change which further stabilizes the complex and initiates targeting of the translating ribosome to the translocon. These results provide a reconciled view on the timing of high-affinity targeting complex formation, while emphasizing the existence of preceding SRP recruitment steps under conditions of ongoing translation