Ungleiche Ungleichheiten:Zu den Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschieden von Sexismus und Rassismus

Sexismus durchzieht fast alle gesellschaftlichen Teilbereiche und deren Grundlagen, im Kern ging es schon Jahrtausende lang um die Rechtfertigung der Herrschaft von Männern über Frauen. Die Minderwertigkeit „der Frau“ wurde unter Rückgriff auf natürliche Begebenheiten bewiesen. Die Grundlage sowohl von Sexismus als auch von Rassismus ist eine Konstruktion: Beim Sexismus die des „weiblichen Geschlechts“, beim Rassismus die der „Rasse“. Während sich die Benennung des Objekts von Rassismus im Laufe der Jahre gewandelt hat, von "Rasse" zu "Kultur", ist das Objekt von Sexismus 'Geschlecht' (mithin 'Frau') gleich geblieben. Gemeinsam ist beiden sozialen Konstruktionen, dass das Objekt "naturalisiert", bzw. biologistisch determiniert wird, um die gegebenen Verhältnisse festzuschreiben. Die Objekte von Sexismus und Rassismus als soziale Konstruktionen zu betrachten und sie vor diesem Hintergrund in Beziehung zu setzen, begründet sich daher aus der Vergleichbarkeit der Unterdrückungsformen

Soziale Arbeit, digitale Transformation und technologischer Posthumanismus

Die digitale Transformation verändert sowohl die Gesellschaft als auch die Menschen. Besonders der technologisch-posthumanistische Diskurs stellt die Frage, wie weit diese Veränderungen gehen können. Dieser Beitrag möchte zeigen, dass es die Aufgabe der Sozialen Arbeit ist, gesellschaftlichen Wandel, soziale Entwicklungen und sozialen Zusammenhalt zu fördern und sie sich ihrer Verantwortung in der Triade mit der digitalen Transformation und dem technologischen Posthumanismus bewusst werden muss

No Prestige, No Money, No Contribution? The German Social Sciences’ Didactics and the Omissions of Sociology: What it is All About

Kein Abstract vorhanden No Abstract availabl

Praktisch eingeschränkte Perspektiven? Eine kritische Diskussion geschlechtertheoretischer Implikationen in Gender Mainstreaming und Diversity Management

Die heutigen Gender Studies können nach Meinung der Autorinnen nicht ohne einen Bezug zur Frauenbewegung und deren politischen Forderungen verstanden werden. Denn die Theorien zur Geschlechterungleichheit, die politischen Strategien und Lösungen sowie die Veränderungen im Geschlechterverhältnis waren und sind eng miteinander verwoben. Ein Blick in die Geschichte der sozialwissenschaftlichen Erforschung von 'Geschlecht' zeigt, wie sich deren thematische und politische Felder verändert haben und wie janusgesichtig sie sich in der sozialen Anwendungspraxis manchmal erweisen. Die Autorinnen geben einen kurzen Überblick über zentrale, aktuelle geschlechtertheoretische Ansätze und diskutieren vor diesem theoretischen Hintergrund das Konzept des Gender Mainstreaming (GM) und des Diversity Management (DM) im Hinblick auf ihre Praxisrelevanz. (ICI2

Strain-Promoted Cycloaddition of Cyclopropenes with o-Quinones: A Rapid Click Reaction

Novel click reactions are of continued interest in fields as diverse as bio-conjugation, polymer science and surface chemistry. Qualification as a proper 'click' reaction requires stringent criteria, including fast kinetics and high conversion, to be met. Herein, we report a novel strain-promoted cycloaddition between cyclopropenes and o-quinones in solution and on a surface. We demonstrate the 'click character' of the reaction in solution and on surfaces for both monolayer and polymer brush functionalization

Palmitate-Triggered COX2/PGE2-Related Hyperinflammation in Dual-Stressed PdL Fibroblasts Is Mediated by Repressive H3K27 Trimethylation

The interrelationships between periodontal disease, obesity-related hyperlipidemia and mechanical forces and their modulating effects on the epigenetic profile of periodontal ligament (PdL) cells are assumed to be remarkably complex. The PdL serves as a connective tissue between teeth and alveolar bone and is involved in pathogen defense and the inflammatory responses to mechanical stimuli occurring during tooth movement. Altered inflammatory signaling could promote root resorption and tooth loss. Hyperinflammatory COX2/PGE2 signaling was reported for human PdL fibroblasts (HPdLFs) concomitantly stressed with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharides and compressive force after exposure to palmitic acid (PA). The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which this was modulated by global and gene-specific changes in histone modifications. The expression of key epigenetic players and global H3Kac and H3K27me3 levels were quantitatively evaluated in dual-stressed HPdLFs exposed to PA, revealing a minor force-related reduction in repressive H3K27me3. UNC1999-induced H3K27me3 inhibition reversed the hyperinflammatory responses of dual-stressed PA cultures characterized by increased COX2 expression, PGE2 secretion and THP1 adhesion. The reduced expression of the gene encoding the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and the increased presence of H3K27me3 at its promoter-associated sites were reversed by inhibitor treatment. Thus, the data highlight an important epigenetic interplay between the different stimuli to which the PdL is exposed

Hyperlipidemic Conditions Impact Force-Induced Inflammatory Response of Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts Concomitantly Challenged with P. gingivalis -LPS

In obese patients, enhanced serum levels of free fatty acids (FFA), such as palmitate (PA) or oleate (OA), are associated with an increase in systemic inflammatory markers. Bacterial infection during periodontal disease also promotes local and systemic low-grade inflammation. How both conditions concomitantly impact tooth movement is largely unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to address the changes in cytokine expression and the secretion of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPdLF) due to hyperlipidemic conditions, when additionally stressed by bacterial and mechanical stimuli. To investigate the impact of obesity-related hyperlipidemic FFA levels on HPdLF, cells were treated with 200 µM PA or OA prior to the application of 2 g/cm(2) compressive force. To further determine the additive impact of bacterial infection, HPdLF were stimulated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) obtained from Porphyromonas gingivalis. In mechanically compressed HPdLF, PA enhanced COX2 expression and PGE2 secretion. When mechanically stressed HPdLF were additionally stimulated with LPS, the PGE2 and IL6 secretion, as well as monocyte adhesion, were further increased in PA-treated cultures. Our data emphasize that a hyperlipidemic condition enhances the susceptibility of HPdLF to an excessive inflammatory response to compressive forces, when cells are concomitantly exposed to bacterial components

Bio-orthogonal Fluorescent Labelling of Biopolymers through Inverse-Electron-Demand Diels–Alder Reactions

Bio-ort hogona llabellin gschemes based on inverse-elec tron- deman dDiels–Ald er (IEDDA) cycloa ddition have attracted much attention in chem ical biology recently .The appeal ing features of this reactio n, such as the fast reactio nkinetics, fully bio-ort hogonal nature and high selectiv ity,have helped chem i- cal biologists gain deeper understandi ng of biochemic al pro- cesses at the molecular level.Listing the compo nents and dis- cussing the possib ilities andlimitations of thesereagent s, we provid earecent snapshot of the field of IEDDA -based biomo- lecular manipulatio nwith special focus on fluores cent modula- tion approaches throug hthe use of bio-orthogon alized build- ing blocks. At the end, we discuss challenges that need to be addres sed for further develop ments in order to overcome recent limita tions and to enabl eresearchers to answer biomo - lecular quest ions in more detail

Conservation and divergence of myelin proteome and oligodendrocyte transcriptome profiles between humans and mice

Human myelin disorders are commonly studied in mouse models. Since both clades evolutionarily diverged approximately 85 million years ago, it is critical to know to what extent the myelin protein composition has remained similar. Here, we use quantitative proteomics to analyze myelin purified from human white matter and find that the relative abundance of the structural myelin proteins PLP, MBP, CNP, and SEPTIN8 correlates well with that in C57Bl/6N mice. Conversely, multiple other proteins were identified exclusively or predominantly in human or mouse myelin. This is exemplified by peripheral myelin protein 2 (PMP2), which was specific to human central nervous system myelin, while tetraspanin-2 (TSPAN2) and connexin-29 (CX29/GJC3) were confined to mouse myelin. Assessing published scRNA-seq-datasets, human and mouse oligodendrocytes display well-correlating transcriptome profiles but divergent expression of distinct genes, including Pmp2, Tspan2, and Gjc3. A searchable web interface is accessible via www.mpinat.mpg.de/myelin. Species-dependent diversity of oligodendroglial mRNA expression and myelin protein composition can be informative when translating from mouse models to humans