DOG1 controls dormancy independently of ABA core signaling kinases regulation by preventing AFP dephosphorylation through AHG1

Seed dormancy determines germination timing, influencing seed plant adaptation and overall fitness. DELAY OF GERMINATION 1 (DOG1) is a conserved central regulator of dormancy cooperating with the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) through negative regulation of ABA HYPERSENSITIVE GERMINATION (AHG) 1 and AHG3 phosphatases. The current molecular mechanism of DOG1 signaling proposes it regulates the activation of central ABA-related SnRK2 kinases. Here, we unveil DOG1's functional autonomy from the regulation of ABA core signaling components and unravel its pivotal control over the activation of ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE FIVE BINDING PROTEINs (AFPs). Our data revealed a molecular relay in which AFPs' genuine activation by AHG1 is contained by DOG1 to prevent the breakdown of maturation-imposed ABA responses independently of ABA-related kinase activation status. This work offers a molecular understanding of how plants fine-tune germination timing, while preserving seed responsiveness to adverse environmental cues, and thus represents a milestone in the realm of conservation and breeding programs

A model of porcine polymicrobial septic shock

Background: Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Mortality of patients with sepsis is high and largely unchanged throughout the past decades. Animal models have been widely used for the study of sepsis and septic shock, but translation into effective treatment regimes in the clinic have mostly failed. Pigs are considered as suitable research models for human diseases due to their high comparability and similarity to human anatomy, genetics, and the immune system. We here evaluated the previously reported models of septic shock in pigs and established a novel model of polymicrobial sepsis that meets the clinical criteria of septic shock in pigs. Materials and methods: The literature search was performed using the keywords “pig”, “sepsis” and “septic shock”. For the establishment of septic shock in n = 10 German landrace pigs, mechanical ventilation was initiated, central venous and arterial lines and invasive hemodynamic monitoring via pulse contour cardiac output measurement (PiCCO) established. Peritoneal polymicrobial faecal sepsis was induced by application of 3 g/kg body weight faeces into the abdominal cavity. Septic shock was defined according to the third international consensus definitions (Sepsis-3). Upon shock, pigs underwent the 1-h bundle for the treatment of human sepsis. Cytokine levels were measured by ELISA. Results: Published porcine sepsis models exhibited high methodological variability and did not meet the clinical criteria of septic shock. In our model, septic shock developed after an average of 4.8 ± 0.29 h and was associated with a reproducible drop in blood pressure (mean arterial pressure 54 ± 1 mmHg) and significant hyperlactatemia (3.76 ± 0.65 mmol/L). Septic shock was associated with elevated levels of interleukin-6 (IL6) and initial cardiac depression followed by a hyperdynamic phase with significant loss of systemic vascular resistance index after initial resuscitation. In addition, organ dysfunction (acute kidney injury) occurred. Conclusions: We here established a model of septic shock in pigs that meets the clinical criteria of septic shock utilized in human patients. Our model may thus serve as a reference for clinically relevant sepsis research in pigs

High-Voltage Instability of Vinylene Carbonate (VC): Impact of Formed Poly-VC on Interphases and Toxicity

Full exhaustion in specific energy/energy density of state-of-the-art LiNixCoyMnzO2 (NCM)-based Li-ion batteries (LIB) is currently limited for reasons of NCM stability by upper cut-off voltages (UCV) below 4.3 V. At higher UCV, structural decomposition triggers electrode crosstalk in the course of enhanced transition metal dissolution and leads to severe specific capacity/energy fade; in the worst case to a sudden death phenomenon (roll-over failure). The additive lithium difluorophosphate (LiDFP) is known to suppress this by scavenging dissolved metals, but at the cost of enhanced toxicity due to the formation of organofluorophosphates (OFPs). Addition of film-forming electrolyte additives like vinylene carbonate (VC) can intrinsically decrease OFP formation in thermally aged LiDFP-containing electrolytes, though the benefit of this dual-additive approach can be questioned at higher UCVs. In this work, VC is shown to decrease the formation of potentially toxic OFPs within the electrolyte during cycling at conventional UCVs but triggers OFP formation at higher UCVs. The electrolyte contains soluble VC-polymerization products. These products are formed at the cathode during VC oxidation (and are found within the cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI), suggesting an OFP electrode crosstalk of VC decomposition species, as the OFP-precursor molecules are shown to be formed at the anode

The ubiquitination landscape of the influenza A virus polymerase

During influenza A virus (IAV) infections, viral proteins are targeted by cellular E3 ligases for modification with ubiquitin. Here, we decipher and functionally explore the ubiquitination landscape of the IAV polymerase proteins during infection of human alveolar epithelial cells by applying mass spectrometry analysis of immuno-purified K-ε-GG (di-glycyl)-remnant-bearing peptides. We have identified 59 modified lysines across the three subunits, PB2, PB1 and PA of the viral polymerase of which 17 distinctively affect mRNA transcription, vRNA replication and the generation of recombinant viruses via non-proteolytic mechanisms. Moreover, further functional and in silico analysis indicate that ubiquitination at K578 in the PB1 thumb domain is mechanistically linked to dynamic structural transitions of the viral polymerase that are required for vRNA replication. Mutations K578A and K578R differentially affect the generation of recombinant viruses by impeding cRNA and vRNA synthesis, NP binding as well as polymerase dimerization. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the ubiquitin-mediated charge neutralization at PB1-K578 disrupts the interaction to an unstructured loop in the PB2 N-terminus that is required to coordinate polymerase dimerization and facilitate vRNA replication. This provides evidence that IAV exploits the cellular ubiquitin system to modulate the activity of the viral polymerase for viral replication

Künstliche Intelligenz als Feedbackassistenz im sozialwissenschaftlichen Unterricht:Eine fachdidaktisch-qualitative Analyse der Potenziale und Grenzen von ChatGPT als lernwirksame Feedbackassistenz für Lernende der Sekundarstufe I am Beispiel der persuasiven Textproduktion im sozialwissenschaftlichen Unterricht

Die vorliegende Bachelorarbeit analysiert die Potenziale und Grenzen von ChatGPT als Feedbackassistenz im sozialwissenschaftlichen Unterricht. Im Fokus steht die Frage, inwiefern ChatGPT die Kriterien eines lernwirksamen Feedbacks zur Förderung persuasiver Argumentationskompetenzen bei Schülerinnen und Schülern der Sekundarstufe I erfüllen kann. Mithilfe der deduktiven Kategorienanwendung der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring wurden KI-Feedback-Antworten auf argumentative Texte von Siebtklässlern aus NRW untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass ChatGPT in der Lage ist, formativ-lernwirksames Feedback mit besonderem Fokus auf lernpsychologischen und politikdidaktisch-textsortenspezifischen Aspekten liefern kann, jedoch bei formalen und kognitionspsychologischen Anforderungen an seine Grenzen stößt. Die Arbeit diskutiert anschließend die aus der Analyse resultierenden didaktischen Implikationen sowie die Bedeutung von KI-generiertem Feedback für den sozialwissenschaftlichen Unterricht.This bachelor's thesis analyzes the potential and limitations of ChatGPT as feedback assistance in social science lessons. The focus is on the question of the extent to which ChatGPT can fulfill the criteria of effective feedback for promoting persuasive argumentation skills in lower secondary school students. Using the deductive category application of qualitative content analysis according to Mayring, AI feedback responses to argumentative texts by seventh graders from North Rhine-Westphalia were examined. The results show that ChatGPT is able to provide formative, learning-effective feedback with a particular focus on aspects of learning psychology and political didactics/text type-specific aspects, but reaches its limits when it comes to formal and cognitive psychological requirements. The paper then discusses the didactic implications resulting from the analysis and the significance of AI-generated feedback for social science teaching

Mathematisches Denken

Zahlreich sind die Vorgehensweisen zur Charakterisierung Mathematischen Denkens, Modelle, die durch zahlreiche Determinanten bestimmt sind. Das erste Kapitel widmet sich diesen Modellen. Im zweiten Kapitel werden die einzelnen als Kategorien klassifizierten Determinanten Mathematischen Denkens diskutiert: 2.1 Kategorie Basic Ideas, Big Ideas, Fundamentale Ideen 2.2 Kategorie Grundvorstellungen 2.3 Kategorie Muster und Struktur 2.4 Kategorie Veranschaulichung Im dritten Kapitel werden die spezifischen Formen Mathematischen Denkens in den Teildisziplinen diskutiert. Das vierte Kapitel gilt dem Gedächtnis als Ort der Konstruktion bzw. Rekonstruktion von Wissen. Mathematisches Denken bildet sich letztendlich in unterschiedlichen Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen ab. Wir differenzieren in … • Kognitionspsychologische Merkmale wie INTELLIGENZ, KREATIVITÄT & UMGANG MIT MATHEMATIK, • in ein Selbstbezogenes Merkmal wie das SELBSTKONZEPT, • Handlungsbezogene Merkmale wie PERSISTENZ & INTERESSE

Quantum field theoretic and combinatorial perspectives on intersection numbers on the moduli space of complex curves:Explicit calculations in the Quartic Kontsevich Model & logarithmic concavity

In dieser Thesis werden Invarianten des Modulraum komplexer Kurven, welche intersection numbers genannt werden, mit dem quartischen Kontsevich-Modell sowie dem LSZ-Modell in Verbindung gesetzt. Darüber hinaus wird logarithmische Konkavität in dem Modulraum komplexer Kurven mithilfe der kombinatorischen Ehrhart Theorie identifiziert. Im Rahmen des universellen Prinzips der Topologischen Rekursion werden explizite Ausdrücke für Korrelationsfunktionen niedrigen topologischen Typs gefunden, welche deren Abhängigkeit zu den Schnittzahlen beschreiben. Mithilfe der Ehrhart Theorie aus der Kombinatorik, welche die Zählung von Gitterpunkten in Polytopen beschreibt, werden in einem eingeschränkten Rahmen werden natürliche Fragen bezüglich der zu Schnittzahlen korrespondieren den Polytopklassen angegangen. Dabei wird nicht nur eine Interpretation der charakterisierenden Daten durch so genannte konsekutiv-geordnete Partitionsfolgen, sondern auch Muster wie logarithmische Konkavität entdeckt.In this thesis, invariants of the moduli space of complex curves, known as intersection numbers, are related to the quartic Kontsevich model and the LSZ model. Moreover, logarithmic concavity is identified on the moduli space of complex curves using combinatorial Ehrhart theory. Within the universal framework of topological recursion, explicit expressions for correlation functions of low topological types are derived, describing their dependence on intersection numbers. Using Ehrhart theory, which deals with counting lattice points in polytopes, natural questions regarding the polytope classes corresponding to intersection numbers are addressed within a restricted framework. This approach not only provides an interpretation of the characteristic data through so-called order-consecutive partition sequences but also reveals novel features such as logarithmic concavity

Podcast: Einfach mal wieder eine Rolle vorwärts machen :Gespräch zum Tag der Rückengesundheit mit Bewegungswissenschaftler Heiko Wagner

Immer in Bewegung bleiben: Dies ist und bleibt die beste "Medizin" gegen Rückenschmerzen. Spaziergänge, Sport und Gymnastik helfen dabei, die Rückenmuskeln zu stärken und die Wirbelsäule zu stabilisieren. "Es muss nicht immer das Krafttraining im Fitnessstudio sein. Auch einfache Bewegungen helfen beim Erhalt oder dem Aufbau von Muskeln", betont Bewegungswissenschaftler Prof. Dr. Heiko Wagner vom Institut für Sportwissenschaft in der neuen Folge des "Umdenken"-Podcasts der Universität Münster mit Blick auf den Tag der Rückengesundheit am 15. März. Im Gespräch erklärt er außerdem den Zusammenhang zwischen Rückenschmerzen und psychischen Faktoren und gibt weitere Tipps, um der "Volkskrankheit" vorzubeugen