EMPREENDEDORISMO FEMININO: ALTERNATIVAS NA VENDA "PORTA A PORTA"

O artigo pretende apresentar contribuições do empreendedorismo para as vendedoras porta a porta, pois segundo dados atuais da pesquisa GEM - Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (2013) no Brasil, a proporção de mulheres empreendedoras superou a proporção de homens (52,2% contra 47,8%)

Ocorrência sazonal, predação e parasitismo de Leucoptera coffeella (Guérin-Méneville, 1842) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae) em cafeeiros associados a grevíleas

The leaf miner, Leucoptera coffeella, is a key pest in coffee crops, causing significant losses. This work aimed to study the seasonal occurrence of leaf miner and the infestation rates of parasitism and predation natural pest in coffee associated with grevillea trees in Southwestern Bahia, Brazil. The experiment consisted of five fields (treatments) and four replicates, totaling 20 plots. Treatments were defined by the spacing of grevillea associated with Catuaí (IAC 144): Treatment 1 – shaded - without grevillea; Treatment 2 - 18x18m = 31 grevilleas.ha-1; Treatment 3 - 12x12m = 69 grevilleas.ha-1; Treatment 4 - 6.0 x12m = 139 grevilleas.ha-1 and Treatment 5 - 6.0 x6,0m = 277 grevilleas.ha-1. The plots consisted of four (T4 and T5) and six coffee plants (T1, T2 and T3) around one grevillea plant. We quantified the number of leaves with mines, mines per leaf, total mines, mine predated and parasitized from September/2011 to June/2012. The results indicated that the influence of the increased density of grevillea trees the population of the leaf miner is not uniform over time, presenting unfavorable the period September to December 2011, to densities in the band 180-220 grevilleas.ha-1, from which promotes the growth of the insect population. In the period from February to June 2012, the increase in the density of grevillea trees acts negatively on the pest population. The predation has the same trend as the leaf miner infestation in relation to the density of grevillea trees, while the parasitism does not show a pattern of behavior with respect to that variable. The relation between predation and parasitism is positive.O bicho-mineiro, Leucoptera coffeella, é praga chave do cafeeiro, causando perdas significativas na produção. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, estudar a ocorrência sazonal do bicho-mineiro e as taxas de infestação, parasitismo e predação natural da praga em cafeeiros arborizados com grevíleas, na região Sudoeste da Bahia, Brasil. O experimento foi composto por cinco campos de observação (tratamentos) e quatro repetições, totalizando 20 parcelas. Os tratamentos foram definidos pelo espaçamento das plantas de grevílea associadas ao cafeeiro Catuaí Vermelho (IAC 144): Tratamento 1 – pleno sol – sem grevílea; Tratamento 2 – 18x18m = 31 grevíleas.ha-1; Tratamento 3 – 12x12m = 69 grevíleas.ha-1; Tratamento 4 – 6,0x12m =139 grevíleas.ha-1; e Tratamento 5 – 6,0x6,0m = 277 grevíleas.ha-1. As parcelas consistiram de quatro (T4 e T5) e seis plantas de café (T1, T2 e T3), ao redor de uma planta de grevílea. Foram quantificadas as folhas com minas, minas por folha, total de minas, minas predadas e minas parasitadas, de setembro/2011 a junho/2012. Os resultados indicaram que a influência do aumento da densidade de grevíleas na população do bicho-mineiro não é uniforme ao longo do tempo, apresentando-se desfavorável no período de setembro a dezembro de 2011, até densidades na faixa de 180 a 220 grevíleas.ha-1, a partir das quais o crescimento populacional do inseto é favorecido. No período de fevereiro a junho de 2012, o aumento na densidade de grevíleas atuanegativamente na população da praga. A predação apresenta a mesma tendência da infestação do bicho-mineiro em relação à densidade de grevíleas, enquanto que o parasitismo não apresenta um padrão de comportamento em relação àquela variável. A relação entre predação e parasitismo é positiva

Apendicite aguda e suas complicações cirúrgicas/Acute apencitis and its surgical complications

INTRODUÇÃO: A apendicite aguda é uma das patologias mais frequentes que sempre afetaram o ser humano. De fato, estima-se que cerca de 8% da população mundial é operada ao longo da vida por essa patologia. É a emergência abdominal mais frequente, com incidência na Europa e nos Estados Unidos de aproximadamente 100 casos por 100.000 habitantes / ano, afetando ambos os sexos de forma semelhante.  OBJETIVO: relatar as principais complicações pós operatórias  relacionadas apendicectomia. METODOLOGIA: foi utilizado para a pesquisa as seguintes bibliotecas virtuais: a Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), através da base de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs); a Scientific Eletronic Library Online (ScIELO) e o PubMed. A busca ocorreu no mês de janeiro de 2021, utilizando os seguintes Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS): Apendicectomia, Apendice, Complicações, Resultado RESULTADOS: As principais complicações foram: abcesso de parede (12,65%), fistula enterocutânea (2,53%), pneumonia (1,65%), obstrução intestinal (1,65%), sepse (1,65%), além de farmacodermia, infecção urinária e hipoglicemia. DISCUSSÃO: As complicações locais mais freqüentes referidas na literatura são os abscesso de parede, abscessos residuais, obstrução intestinal, fistula fecal, evisceração, eventração, peritonites e hemorragia. Outras complicações gerais comuns a qualquer celiotomia são as infecções respiratórias, urinárias, cardíacas, hematomas, hemorragias subcutâneas e infecções hospitalares, em geral, flebotromboses e tromboflebites séptica. A apendicectomia laparoscópica (AL) não estão associado a uma taxa de complicações menor do que a apendicectomia aberta (AA) e, acima de tudo, ALs são mais caros do que os AA.  CONCLUSÃO: Acreditamos que a identificação precoce favoreceria a prevenção secundária das complicações e a diminuição de sua morbidade. No entanto, a apendicectomia laparoscópica para apendicite perfurada foi associada a uma tendência importante para uma taxa maior de formação de abscesso intra-abdominal, sendo esta a principal complicação de uma apendicectomia

Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK.

BACKGROUND: A safe and efficacious vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), if deployed with high coverage, could contribute to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a pooled interim analysis of four trials. METHODS: This analysis includes data from four ongoing blinded, randomised, controlled trials done across the UK, Brazil, and South Africa. Participants aged 18 years and older were randomly assigned (1:1) to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine or control (meningococcal group A, C, W, and Y conjugate vaccine or saline). Participants in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group received two doses containing 5 × 1010 viral particles (standard dose; SD/SD cohort); a subset in the UK trial received a half dose as their first dose (low dose) and a standard dose as their second dose (LD/SD cohort). The primary efficacy analysis included symptomatic COVID-19 in seronegative participants with a nucleic acid amplification test-positive swab more than 14 days after a second dose of vaccine. Participants were analysed according to treatment received, with data cutoff on Nov 4, 2020. Vaccine efficacy was calculated as 1 - relative risk derived from a robust Poisson regression model adjusted for age. Studies are registered at ISRCTN89951424 and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04324606, NCT04400838, and NCT04444674. FINDINGS: Between April 23 and Nov 4, 2020, 23 848 participants were enrolled and 11 636 participants (7548 in the UK, 4088 in Brazil) were included in the interim primary efficacy analysis. In participants who received two standard doses, vaccine efficacy was 62·1% (95% CI 41·0-75·7; 27 [0·6%] of 4440 in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group vs71 [1·6%] of 4455 in the control group) and in participants who received a low dose followed by a standard dose, efficacy was 90·0% (67·4-97·0; three [0·2%] of 1367 vs 30 [2·2%] of 1374; pinteraction=0·010). Overall vaccine efficacy across both groups was 70·4% (95·8% CI 54·8-80·6; 30 [0·5%] of 5807 vs 101 [1·7%] of 5829). From 21 days after the first dose, there were ten cases hospitalised for COVID-19, all in the control arm; two were classified as severe COVID-19, including one death. There were 74 341 person-months of safety follow-up (median 3·4 months, IQR 1·3-4·8): 175 severe adverse events occurred in 168 participants, 84 events in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group and 91 in the control group. Three events were classified as possibly related to a vaccine: one in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group, one in the control group, and one in a participant who remains masked to group allocation. INTERPRETATION: ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 has an acceptable safety profile and has been found to be efficacious against symptomatic COVID-19 in this interim analysis of ongoing clinical trials. FUNDING: UK Research and Innovation, National Institutes for Health Research (NIHR), Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Lemann Foundation, Rede D'Or, Brava and Telles Foundation, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Thames Valley and South Midland's NIHR Clinical Research Network, and AstraZeneca

Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK

Background A safe and efficacious vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), if deployed with high coverage, could contribute to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a pooled interim analysis of four trials. Methods This analysis includes data from four ongoing blinded, randomised, controlled trials done across the UK, Brazil, and South Africa. Participants aged 18 years and older were randomly assigned (1:1) to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine or control (meningococcal group A, C, W, and Y conjugate vaccine or saline). Participants in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group received two doses containing 5 × 1010 viral particles (standard dose; SD/SD cohort); a subset in the UK trial received a half dose as their first dose (low dose) and a standard dose as their second dose (LD/SD cohort). The primary efficacy analysis included symptomatic COVID-19 in seronegative participants with a nucleic acid amplification test-positive swab more than 14 days after a second dose of vaccine. Participants were analysed according to treatment received, with data cutoff on Nov 4, 2020. Vaccine efficacy was calculated as 1 - relative risk derived from a robust Poisson regression model adjusted for age. Studies are registered at ISRCTN89951424 and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04324606, NCT04400838, and NCT04444674. Findings Between April 23 and Nov 4, 2020, 23 848 participants were enrolled and 11 636 participants (7548 in the UK, 4088 in Brazil) were included in the interim primary efficacy analysis. In participants who received two standard doses, vaccine efficacy was 62·1% (95% CI 41·0–75·7; 27 [0·6%] of 4440 in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group vs71 [1·6%] of 4455 in the control group) and in participants who received a low dose followed by a standard dose, efficacy was 90·0% (67·4–97·0; three [0·2%] of 1367 vs 30 [2·2%] of 1374; pinteraction=0·010). Overall vaccine efficacy across both groups was 70·4% (95·8% CI 54·8–80·6; 30 [0·5%] of 5807 vs 101 [1·7%] of 5829). From 21 days after the first dose, there were ten cases hospitalised for COVID-19, all in the control arm; two were classified as severe COVID-19, including one death. There were 74 341 person-months of safety follow-up (median 3·4 months, IQR 1·3–4·8): 175 severe adverse events occurred in 168 participants, 84 events in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group and 91 in the control group. Three events were classified as possibly related to a vaccine: one in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group, one in the control group, and one in a participant who remains masked to group allocation. Interpretation ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 has an acceptable safety profile and has been found to be efficacious against symptomatic COVID-19 in this interim analysis of ongoing clinical trials

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Fake news e as dificuldades no enfrentamento do novo coronavírus no Brasil

A internet proporcionou o acesso às notícias de forma instantânea, favorecendo a disseminação de conhecimento e fatos que acontecem em todo o mundo. Uma pesquisa realizada pelo Instituto Reuters para o Estudo do Jornalismo - Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2019) – revela que boa parte dos brasileiros utiliza as redes sociais como a maior fonte de notícias. Em 2013, o percentual de pessoas que usavam as redes sociais como fonte de notícias era de 47%, passando para 72% em 2016. Desta forma, diante do elevado consumo de informações pelas redes sociais, estas se tornam poderosas ferramentas de manipulação e disseminação de informações falsas, dada a falta de comprovação das informações divulgadas. O Relatório de Segurança Digital no Brasil (2018) apresentou um cenário, onde ocorreram 120 milhões de ciberataques nos primeiros seis meses de 2018, sendo esse, 95,9% maior do que o registrado no mesmo período em 2017. Este relatório aponta que as notícias falsas ocupam o terceiro lugar no ranking de disseminação de links maliciosos. Quando comparado o primeiro e o segundo trimestre de 2018, foi observado um aumento de 50,6%. Além disso, o tema saúde figura entre os 3 temas mais abordados nas notícias falsas, ao lado de política e forma de ganhar dinheiro fácil (DFNDR-Lab, 2018)

Avaliação sérica de danos musculares e oxidativos em atletas após partida de futsal

O futsal é uma modalidade esportiva que requer súbita aceleração e desace-leração com brusca mudança de direção. Este esporte expõe seus praticantes a grandes impactos, causando danos musculares e oxidativos. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar os níveis séricos de marcadores de danos musculares e oxidativos em atletas após jogo de futsal. Participaram do estudo, seis atletas de futsal, com idade média (21,2 ± 0,98 anos), peso (67,1 ± 5,5 kg) e altura (171,0 ± 0,07 cm). As coletas foram obtidas 30 minutos antes do jogo 1 (Pré-jogo); imediatamente após o jogo 1 (pós-jogo 1) e imediatamente após o segundo jogo (pós-jogo 2), que foi realizado 24 horas após o jogo 1. O soro foi utilizado para avaliações séricas de creatina quinase, dano protéico e lipídico. As concentrações de creatina quinase, peroxidação lipídica (xilenol) e carbonilação de proteína (carbonil) foram significativamente maiores após o término dos jogos 1 e 2, quando comparadas aos valores pré jogo. Os valores de sulfidrila foram menores após o término dos jogos 1 e 2, quando comparados aos valores pré jogo. Nenhuma diferença foi observada quando comparados os valores após jogo 1 e o jogo 2 em todos os parâmetros analisados. Coletivamente, os resultados demonstram que a partida de futsal provoca danos musculares e oxidativos. Surpreendentemente, não houve incremento nos parâmetros avaliados ao final do jogo 2. Devido ao reduzido conhecimento em relação ao tempo de recuperação após uma partida de futsal, acredita-se que este estudo seja de grande importância para os profissionais que trabalham com esse esporte.

DIALLEL ANALYSIS OF IN SITU DEGRADABILITY OF CORN SILAGE DRY MATTER

One of the best ways of evaluating the quality of the silage of a corn cultivar is through the degradability of the whole plant. The existence of genetic variability for this trait has been shown in a number of studies. However, there is little information on its genetic control and breeding alternatives which may be utilized. Considering the importance of digestibility in obtaining a high quality corn silage, this work aims at obtaining information on its genetic control in order to help future breeding programs. For this purpose, 12 lines previously selected were used, 6 being of greater and 6 of lower degradability, to make up a 6 x 6 partial diallel, plus the parental lines. The seeds of the hybrids and of the respective lines were sown in an experimental area of the UFLA at two sowing seasons (November and December). For each season an experiment was set up in 6 x 6 triple lattice for the hybrids and a RBD experiment with three replications for the lines. At the hard-dough stage, the plants were harvested, ground, homogenized, oven-dried at 55oC until constant weight, and then ground again to be tested. For evaluation of the degradability of the silages, in situ dry matter degradability (ISDMD) was employed and four fistulated cows were given the samples of the plots which were incubated for 24 hours. The analysis of the diallel was proceeded by utilizing Gardner and Eberhart’ methodology 1966) and was adapted to the partial diallel by Miranda Filho and Geraldi (1984). It was found that the delay at sowing time reduced corn silage degradability; hence its quality. Manifested heterosis was of low magnitude, contributing on average with less than 7% to the performance of the crosses evaluated. The predominance of additive effects to the inheritance of the trait was verified. It became clear that the best breeding strategy to produce corn cultivars for silage production is by crossing parents with high ISDMD and good combining abilities for characters, being heterosis highly important

<b>Serum measurement of muscle and oxidative damage in soccer players after a game </b>

Futsal is a sport that requires sudden acceleration and deceleration with abruptchanges in direction. The marked impacts experienced by futsal players lead to muscle andoxidative damage. The objective of this study was to evaluate the serum levels of markers ofmuscle and oxidative damage in futsal players after a game. Six players with a mean age of 21.2± 0.98 years, weight of 67.1 ± 5.5 kg and height of 171.0 ± 0.07 cm participated in this study.Measurements were obtained 30 minutes before game 1 (pre-game), immediately after game 1(post-game 1), and immediately after a second game (post-game 2), which was performed 24hours after game 1. Serum was collected for the evaluation of creatine kinase and of damageto proteins and lipids. Creatine kinase concentrations, lipid peroxidation (xylenol) and proteincarbonylation were significantly higher after games 1 and 2 when compared to pre-game values.Sulfhydryl levels were lower after the end of games 1 and 2 compared to pre-game values. Nodifference in any of the parameters analyzed was observed between post-game 1 and post-game2. Taken together, the results demonstrate that a futsal match provokes muscle and oxidativedamage. Surprisingly, no increase in the parameters studied was observed after game 2. In viewof the limited knowledge about the time of recovery after a futsal match, this study may provideimportant information to professionals working with this sport