Glicose e reflexoterapia para alívio da dor durante punção arterial em neonatos: um protocolo

Objetivo: Apresentar um protocolo de estudo para comparar a glicose e reflexoterapia no alívio da dor em terapia intensiva neonatal durante a punção arterial.Método: Protocolo de ensaio clínico randomizado, controlado, duplo-cego, será realizado em 30 recém-nascidos internados em terapia intensiva neonatal de uma maternidade escola que apresentem indicação de coleta de sangue por punção arterial. Serão distribuídos aleatoriamente em grupo controle (glicose 25%) ou grupo intervenção (reflexoterapia podal). O desfecho primário será escores de dor neonatal durante e após a punção arterial. Os desfechos secundários serão o tempo de choro e variação nos sinais vitais dos neonatos durante e após o procedimento da punção arterial. Número do registro RBR-639bff.Discussão: Os resultados deste ensaio fornecerão novos conhecimentos sobre a intervenção mais adequada para o alívio da dor neonatal durante procedimentos dolorosos. Palavras-chave: Glucose. Reflexoterapia. Manejo da dor. Recém-nascido. Punções

Can timber provision from Amazonian production forests be sustainable?

Around 30 Mm3 of sawlogs are extracted annually by selective logging of natural production forests in Amazonia, Earth's most extensive tropical forest. Decisions concerning the management of these production forests will be of major importance for Amazonian forests' fate. To date, no regional assessment of selective logging sustainability supports decision-making. Based on data from 3500 ha of forest inventory plots, our modelling results show that the average periodic harvests of 20 m3 ha−1 will not recover by the end of a standard 30 year cutting cycle. Timber recovery within a cutting cycle is enhanced by commercial acceptance of more species and with the adoption of longer cutting cycles and lower logging intensities. Recovery rates are faster in Western Amazonia than on the Guiana Shield. Our simulations suggest that regardless of cutting cycle duration and logging intensities, selectively logged forests are unlikely to meet timber demands over the long term as timber stocks are predicted to steadily decline. There is thus an urgent need to develop an integrated forest resource management policy that combines active management of production forests with the restoration of degraded and secondary forests for timber production. Without better management, reduced timber harvests and continued timber production declines are unavoidable

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pollen morphology of species in Gesnerioideae (Gesneriaceae) and related species: morphological variations and taxonomic importance

Gesneriaceae é subdividida em três subfamílias: Sanangoideae, Gesnerioideae e Didymocarpoideae. Essa classificação tem sido explorada e o monofiletismo das subfamílias e suas respectivas tribos e subtribos tem sido fortemente apoiado com recentes estudos filogenéticos. Gesnerioideae contém 77 gêneros e mais de 1200 espécies, distribuídas exclusivamente nos Neotrópicos, com exceção de Titanotrichum Soler. e de alguns taxa de Coronanthereae. Suas espécies apresentam flores com um conjunto de cores e formas muito variáveis e uma diversidade de síndromes de polinização. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar e descrever a morfologia dos grãos de pólen, fornecendo dados da estrutura e ultraestrutura polínicas detalhados para as espécies desta subfamília e espécies proximamente relacionadas a fim de ampliar o conhecimento e fornecer subsídios para a delimitação taxonômica dos grupos. Foram analisados os grãos de pólen de 99 espécies de Gesneriaceae pertencentes a 43 gêneros, sendo 84 de Gesnerioideae, cujas tribos representantes são: Titanotricheae (Titanotrichum Soler.), Beslerieae (Besleria L. e Gasteranthus Benth.), Coronanthereae (Asteranthera Hansl., Coronanthera Vieill. ex C.B.Clarke, Mitraria J.F.Gmel., Rhabdothamnus A.Cunn. e Sarmienta Ruiz & Pav.) e Gesnerieae (Achimenes Pers., Codonanthe (Mart.) Hanst., Codonanthopsis Mansf., Columnea L., Corytoplectus Oerst., Diastema Benth., Drymonia Mart., Episcia Mart., Eucodonia Hanst., Gesneria L., Glossoloma Hanst., Gloxinella (H.E.Moore) Roalson & Boggan, Gloxiniopsis Roalson & Boggan, Kohleria Regel, Monopyle Moritz ex Benth. & Hook.f., Moussonia Regel, Nautilocalyx Linden ex Hanst., Nematanthus Schrad., Neomortonia Wiehler, Paliavana Vell. ex Vand., Pearcea Regel, Phinaea Benth., Rhytidophyllum Mart., Seemannia Regel, Sinningia Nees, Sphaerorrhiza Roalson & Boggan e Vanhouttea Lem.). Além destas, foram analisadas 15 espécies de Trichosporeae (Didymocarpoideae) pertencentes aos gêneros: Aeschynanthus Jack, Boea Comm. ex Lam., Cyrtandra J.R.Forst. & G.Forst., Deinostigma W.T.Wang & Z.Y.Li, Didymocarpus Wall., Primulina Hance, Ramonda Caruel e Streptocarpus Lindl., e por fim, como grupo externo a Gesneriaceae, Peltanthera floribunda Benth., espécie proximamente relacionada a família. O material polínico foi obtido a partir de espécimes depositados nos herbários ESA, G, HUFABC, INPA, P, SP, e Z de espécies cultivadas do Sítio Primavera em Mogi das Cruzes, SP. Os grãos de pólen foram acetolisados, medidos e fotografados sob microscopia de luz. A escultura da sexina e a estrutura da exina foram eletrografadas e analisadas em microscopia eletrônica de varredura e transmissão, respectivamente. Os dados quantitativos foram analisados através de estatística descritiva e multivariada. Os dados qualitativos estruturais e ultraestruturais dos grãos de pólen foram descritos. Os grãos de pólen das espécies analisadas são mônades e isopolares, variam quanto ao tamanho, âmbito, forma, tipo e número de aberturas (3-colpados, 3-colporados, 4-colporados), e quanto à ornamentação da exina (tectada perfurada, microverrugada, verrugada-perfurada, nanoverrugada-escabrada; semitectada, foveolada, microrreticulada, microrreticulada-rugulada, microrreticulada-verrugada, microrreticulada-escabrada, microrreticulada-nanoechinada, reticulada, reticulada-nanoechinada, birreticulada, homo ou heterobrocada). Além das diferenças morfológicas qualitativas observadas, os dados quantitativos dos grãos de pólen indicam que o tamanho é um caráter polínico importante para a distinção dos grupos e pode estar relacionado com o comprimento e a largura dos colpos em determinadas espécies. Portanto, este estudo confirma Gesnerioideae como euripolínica e aponta caracteres morfopolínicos que auxiliam na delimitação de grupos em nível tribal, subtribal, genérico e até mesmo específico, constituindo-se ferramentas úteis para estudos taxonômicos desta subfamília e espécies relacionadas.Gesneriaceae is subdivided into three subfamilies: Sanangoideae, Gesnerioideae and Didymocarpoideae. This classification has been investigated and the monophyly of subfamilies and their respective tribes and subtribes has been supported by recent phylogenetic studies. Gesnerioideae contains 77 genera and more than 1200 species, distributed exclusively in the Neotropics, with the exception of Titanotrichum Soler. and some Coronanthereae taxa. Its species present flowers with a very variable set of colors and shapes and a diversity of pollination syndromes. The objective of this study was to characterize and describe the pollen morphology, providing detailed pollen structure and ultrastructure data for the species of this subfamily and closely related species in order to expand knowledge and provide subsidies for the taxonomic delimitation of the groups. The pollen grains of 99 species of Gesneriaceae belonging to 43 genera were analyzed, 84 of which are from Gesnerioideae, whose representative tribes are: Titanotricheae (Titanotrichum Soler.), Beslerieae (Besleria L. e Gasteranthus Benth.), Coronanthereae (Asteranthera Hansl., Coronanthera Vieill. ex C.B.Clarke, Mitraria J.F.Gmel., Rhabdothamnus A.Cunn. e Sarmienta Ruiz & Pav.) and Gesnerieae (Achimenes Pers., Codonanthe (Mart.) Hanst., Codonanthopsis Mansf., Columnea L., Corytoplectus Oerst., Diastema Benth., Drymonia Mart., Episcia Mart., Eucodonia Hanst., Gesneria L., Glossoloma Hanst., Gloxinella (H.E.Moore) Roalson & Boggan, Gloxiniopsis Roalson & Boggan, Kohleria Regel, Monopyle Moritz ex Benth. & Hook.f., Moussonia Regel, Nautilocalyx Linden ex Hanst., Nematanthus Schrad., Neomortonia Wiehler, Paliavana Vell. ex Vand., Pearcea Regel, Phinaea Benth., Rhytidophyllum Mart., Seemannia Regel, Sinningia Nees, Sphaerorrhiza Roalson & Boggan and Vanhouttea Lem.). In addition to these, 15 species of Trichosporeae were analyzed: Aeschynanthus Jack, Boea Comm. ex Lam., Cyrtandra J.R.Forst. & G.Forst., Deinostigma W.T.Wang & Z.Y.Li, Didymocarpus Wall., Primulina Hance, Ramonda Caruel and Streptocarpus Lindl., and as an outgroup to Gesneriaceae, Peltanthera floribunda Benth., a species closely related to the family. The pollen material was obtained from specimens deposited in herbaria ESA, G, HUFABC, INPA, P, SP and Z and from species cultivated at Sítio Primavera in Mogi das Cruzes, SP. Pollen grains were acetolyzed, measured and photographed under light microscopy. The sexine sculpture and exine structure were electrographed and analyzed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and multivariate statistics. Structural and ultrastructural qualitative data of pollen grains were described. The pollen grains of the analyzed species are monads and isopolar, they vary in terms of size, amb, shape, type and number of apertures (3-colpate, 3-colporate, 4-colporate), and exine ornamentation (tectate perforate, microverrucate, nanoverrucate-nanoechinate, scabrate-perforate; semitectate, foveolate, microreticulate, microreticulate-rugulate, microreticulate-verrucate, microreticulatescabrate, microreticulate-nanoechinate, reticulate, reticulate-nanoechinate, bireticulate, homo ou heterobrochate). In addition to the qualitative morphological differences observed, the quantitative data of pollen grains indicate that size is an important pollen character for the distinction of groups and may be related to the length and width of the colpi in certain species. Therefore, this study confirms Gesnerioideae as eurypalynous and indicates out pollen characters that help in the delimitation of groups at tribal, subtribal, generic and even specific levels, constituting useful tools for taxonomic studies of this subfamily and related species

Flora polínica da reserva do parque estadual das fontes do Ipiranga (São Paulo, SP, Brasil). Famílias: 141-Boraginaceae e 149-Gesneriaceae

Pollen grains of four species of Boraginaceae (Cordia sellowiana Cham., Heliotropium indicum L., Tournefortia breviflora DC., T. villosa Salzm. ex DC.) and of two species of Gesneriaceae [Nematanthus villosus (Hanst.) Wiehler, Sinningia allagophylla (Mart.) Wiehler] occurring in the Reserva do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga were examined in the present study. Descriptions, illustrations, and observations of all species studied are presented.No presente estudo foram investigados os grãos de pólen de quatro espécies pertencentes à família Boraginaceae (Cordia sellowiana Cham., Heliotropium indicum L., Tournefortia breviflora DC., T. villosa Salzm. ex DC.) e de duas espécies de Gesneriaceae [Nematanthus villosus (Hanst.) Wiehler, Sinningia allagophylla (Mart.) Wiehler] ocorrentes na "Reserva do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga". São apresentadas descrições, ilustrações e observações para todas as espécies estudadas.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Flora polínica da reserva do parque estadual das fontes do Ipiranga (São Paulo, SP, Brasil). Famílias: 141-Boraginaceae e 149-Gesneriaceae

No presente estudo foram investigados os grãos de pólen de quatro espécies pertencentes à família Boraginaceae (Cordia sellowiana Cham., Heliotropium indicum L., Tournefortia breviflora DC., T. villosa Salzm. ex DC.) e de duas espécies de Gesneriaceae [Nematanthus villosus (Hanst.) Wiehler, Sinningia allagophylla (Mart.) Wiehler] ocorrentes na "Reserva do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga". São apresentadas descrições, ilustrações e observações para todas as espécies estudadas