Agricultura orgânica no Brasil: sua trajetória para a certificação compulsória.

Este artigo apresenta um histórico a respeito da regulamentação da produção de orgânicos no Brasil. São mencionados todos os documentos nacionais relevantes já publicados em Diário Oficial, destacando-se alguns deles conforme sua importância para o mercado de orgânicos no Brasil

Versão reduzida da escala portuguesa Positive and Negative Affect Schedule em pessoas com esquizofrenia: características psicométricas

Objective: to analyze the psychometric properties of the short form of the Portuguese version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule in people with schizophrenia. Methods: a Psychometric study was carried out, in a convenience sample, composed of 282 people with the diagnosis of schizophrenia. The psychometric properties were evaluated: validity (construct, criterion) and reliability (Cronbach's α) of the Portuguese short version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. The criterion validity was used by WHOQOL-Bref. Results: the Portuguese short version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule has two distinct dimensions of positive affect (α=0.86) and negative affect (α=0.82). The two dimensions of positive and negative affect are associated with health-related quality of life. Conclusions: the Portuguese short version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule has similar psychometric properties to the original, being valid and reliable in people with schizophrenia. This scale is appropriate to be applied both in the clinical context and research in this population

AVALIAÇÃO + NORMALIZAÇÃO: DESIGN COMO MODERADOR NA ANÁLISE DE BENS DE CONSUMO

The design of packaging products depends on knowledge of different areas, including those focused on mechanical quality, such as in Mechanical, Chemical and Production Engineering, and other informational and communicative areas, such as in Product Design and Graphics. It is in this context that this research focuses on a demand from Inmetro in evaluating the usability of packaging. During its development, use was made of national quality and safety standards to define the field of study, select test batteries and regulatory guidelines, and choose sample quantities and profiles. However, even with the diversity of these standards established by ABNT (2020) and ISO (2020) there is still a gap in the guidelines that deal with ergonomics and usability of non-digital products, especially about interaction with real users. In this article, three different packaging models common to different foods from twenty different manufacturers are analyzed. Methods, tools, testing environment, sample selection and participant selection are described in the methodology section of the next topic. The results in fact point to what can be defined as a major concern that companies should have in relation to the quality of these types of packaging.O design das embalagens dos produtos depende do conhecimento de diferentes áreas, incluindo aquelas voltadas para a qualidade mecânica, como em Engenharia Mecânica, Química e de Produção, e outras informacionais e comunicativas, como em Design de Produto e Gráfico. É nesse contexto no qual esta pesquisa se debruça ante uma demanda do Inmetro na avaliação de usabilidade de embalagens. Durante o desenvolvimento desta, foi feito o uso de padrões nacionais de qualidade e de segurança para definir o campo de estudo, selecionar as baterias de teste e as diretrizes regulatórias, além de escolher as quantidades de amostra e perfis. Porém, mesmo com a diversidade dessas normas estabelecidas pela ABNT (2020) e pela ISO (2020) existe ainda uma lacuna quanto às diretrizes que tratam da ergonomia e usabilidade de produtos não digitais, principalmente no que diz respeito à interação com usuários reais. Neste artigo, são analisados ​​três diferentes modelos de embalagens comuns a diferentes alimentos, de vinte fabricantes diferentes. Os métodos, ferramentas, ambiente de teste, seleção de amostra e seleção de participantes são descritos na seção de metodologia do próximo tópico. Os resultados de fato apontam para o que se pode definir como uma maior preocupação que as empresas devem ter em relação a qualidade destes tipos de embalagens

Morphology of the Stomach of Tayra (Eira barbara)

Background: The Tayra (Eira barbara) is a mammal of the family Mustelidae with a significant presence in Latin America, it is considered an opportunist and extremely agile omnivorous. Some organs compose the digestive system and the stomach is a substantial organ for this system. The stomach have a small and a large curvature and the regions of the cardia, fundus, body and pylorus. Histologically, the stomach is made up of four layers or tunics that contributes in digestive functions.  However, due the limited information available in the literature about morphophysiology of wildlife, this study aimed to clarify the morphology of Eira barbara stomach to understand your digestive system.Materials, Methods & Results: Three males and three females of Eira barbara species were studied (all young adults), all samples were originated of the Bauxite Mine area, in Paragominas, Pará state, Brazil provided of donation to Morphological Animal Research Laboratory (LaPMa) of the Universidade Federal Rural da Amazonia (UFRA), after death by trampling. The corpses were treated with aqueous 10% formaldehyde solution intramuscular injections, subcutaneous and intracavitary. After dissection, the collected material was processed following histologic standard protocols for the subsequent preparation of slides. The studied animals showed the stomach on the left antimere the abdominal cavity, with saccular format with the presence of large and small curvatures. The organ showed composite mucosa made with various gastric folds distributed in regions of the cardia, fundus and pylorus. A microscopic analysis of Eira barbara stomach revealed the presence of tunics or layers which gradually invaginate the lumen of the organ and underlying lamina propria was located to the prismatic epithelium and muscular mucosae and mucosa itself. In the region of the cardia, the muscle layer was deeply situated on the lamina propria, consisting of smooth muscle tissue with circular and longitudinal fibers. The submucosa consists of loose connective tissue; it is much thicker than the lamina propria and has many vessels. The first portion of the stomach showed long glands, while with short pits. In light microscopy, the fundic region revealed the presence of a highly pleated epithelium with elongated glands composed of clear and basally placed cells, with flattened nuclei. These cells are named mucous. Along the short region of the gastric pits, the presence of large cells was reported, pyramidal or rounded, central nucleus, called parietal. The pyloric region microscopy revealed the presence of short glands, similar to those previously described in the cardia region. The wide presence of goblet cells in the final portion of the pylorus indicated gradual transition between the regions of the stomach to the intestine, called duodenum-pylorus transition. The muscular layer showed thick muscle bundles just in circular direction, being responsible for the formation of the pyloric sphincter.Discussion: The morphological analysis of the stomachs showed morphological and topographical similarities to the literature description for pets and wild mammals, however, were found in abundant quantities goblet cells in the transition duodenal pylorus. The goblet cells are located throughout the length of the small and large intestine and are responsible for the production and maintenance of the protective mucus synthesizing as glycoproteins known as mucins

Proteolytic potential of enzymes produced by candida parapsilosis and rhodotorula. Mucilaginosa isolated from liquid whey

The search for yeast with proteolytic activity that can be explored in technology and product innovation was the objective of this study to isolate and identify strains present in liquid whey and evaluate the proteolytic activity of isolates. From the isolated strains were selected for molecular identification, those with proteolytic activity. Verification of proteolytic activity was performed on milk agar and visualized by a translucent halo. Four strains belonging to two yeast species were identified as protease producers. Whey is promising in microbial sources of biotechnological interest and C. parapsilosis (ES01) and R. mucilaginosa (ES04) strains were good protease producers in commercial agar-like milk agar. These results indicate the proteolytic potentiality of strains isolated from whey.Fil: Monte, Aline Marques. Universidade Federal Do Piaui.; BrasilFil: Matos da Silva, Ana Karoline. Universidade Federal Do Piaui.; BrasilFil: Dourado Rodrigues, Aline Maria. Universidade Federal Do Piaui.; BrasilFil: Muratori Costa, Luciana. Universidade Federal Do Piaui.; BrasilFil: Sousa Santos, André Luis. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Gomes Abreu Bacelar, Rafael. Universidade Federal Do Piaui.; BrasilFil: de Sousa Ramos, Lívia. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Folmer Correa, Ana Paula. Universidade Federal de Roraima; BrasilFil: Brandelli, Adriano. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Pereyra, Carina Maricel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Sanches Muratori, Maria C.. Universidade Federal Do Piaui.; Brasi

Prey availability and temporal partitioning modulate felid coexistence in Neotropical forests

Carnivores have long been used as model organisms to examine mechanisms that allow coexistence among ecologically similar species. Interactions between carnivores, including competition and predation, comprise important processes regulating local community structure and diversity. We use data from an intensive camera-trapping monitoring program across eight Neotropical forest sites to describe the patterns of spatiotemporal organization of a guild of five sympatric cat species: jaguar (Panthera onca), puma (Puma concolor), ocelot (Leopardus pardalis), jaguarundi (Herpailurus yagouaroundi) and margay (Leopardus wiedii). For the three largest cat species, we developed multi-stage occupancy models accounting for habitat characteristics (landscape complexity and prey availability) and models accounting for species interactions (occupancy estimates of potential competitor cat species). Patterns of habitat-use were best explained by prey availability, rather than habitat structure or species interactions, with no evidence of negative associations of jaguar on puma and ocelot occupancy or puma on ocelot occupancy. We further explore temporal activity patterns and overlap of all five felid species. We observed a moderate temporal overlap between jaguar, puma and ocelot, with differences in their activity peaks, whereas higher temporal partitioning was observed between jaguarundi and both ocelot and margay. Lastly, we conducted temporal overlap analysis and calculated species activity levels across study sites to explore if shifts in daily activity within species can be explained by varying levels of local competition pressure. Activity patterns of ocelots, jaguarundis and margays were similarly bimodal across sites, but pumas exhibited irregular activity patterns, most likely as a response to jaguar activity. Activity levels were similar among sites and observed differences were unrelated to competition or intraguild killing risk. Our study reveals apparent spatial and temporal partitioning for most of the species pairs analyzed, with prey abundance being more important than species interactions in governing the local occurrence and spatial distribution of Neotropical forest felids

ANALISANDO A CONFIABILIDADE COM ENFASE NO DESEMPENHO DE SENSORES DE UM SISTEMA IOT PARA O GERENCIAMENTO REMOTO DA IRRIGACAO

The present work describes a remote management systemfor localized irrigation, which emphasizes the reliability ofthe system and receives as input, sensor data, and activationinformation from the user; and, as an output, graphicsare generated, in addition to the automation of irrigation activation.The analysis of the system reliability showed that:one of the soil moisture sensors showed corrosion problemsafter 10 days of use; it has been necessary to use an analogport multiplexer, due to the limited number of portson the ESP8266; and, the printed circuit board presentedbetter performance regarding connection failures betweencomponents, resistance and durability. For a more in-depthanalysis of the soil moisture sensors, experiments have beencarried out in four different scenarios, where the same corrosionproblem was observed in the resistive hygrometer sensor(FC-28), after 10 days of use. In addition, the other sensorstested were: capacitive (SEN0193) and corrosion resistant(HD-38), where the SEN0193 presented better performancewhen compared to the others.O presente trabalho descreve um sistema de gerenciamento remoto da irrigação localizada, com ênfase na confiabilidade do sistema, que recebe como entrada, dados de sensores, e informações de acionamento oriundas do usuário; e, como saída, são gerados gráficos, além da automação do acionamento da irrigação. A análise da confiabilidade do sistema mostrou que: um dos sensores de umidade do solo apresentou problemas de corrosão após 10 dias de uso; foi necessário utilizar um multiplexador de portas analógicas, devido o número limitado de portas do ESP8266; e, a placa de circuito impresso apresentou melhores resultados com relação a problemas de falhas de conexão entre componentes, resistência e durabilidade. Para uma análise mais aprofundada dos sensores de umidade do solo, foram realizados experimentos em quatro diferentes cenários, onde observou-se o mesmo problema de corrosão, do sensor resistivo higrômetro (FC-28), após 10 dias de sua utilização. Além disso, os outros sensores testados foram: capacitivo (SEN0193) e resistente a corrosão (HD-38), onde o SEN0193 apresentou melhor desempenho, quando comparado aos demais.DOI: 10.36558/rsc.v12i2.770