ANISOTROPIE MAGNETIQUE PERPENDICULAIRE DES COUCHES MINCES EPITAXIEES D'ALLIAGES ORDONNES FePd

We have studied the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy resulting from the L10 chemical ordering of FePd thin films fabricated by Molecular Beam Epitaxy. We show that both the long range order, the directional short range order and the magnetic anisotropy are highly dependant on the deposition conditions. The highest degree of order is obtained with the codeposion of the alloy at 350°C : in this case, the magnetization is perpendicular to the film plane and magnetic domains are formed. Analytical modeling has been used to interpret the variation of the magnetic susceptibility as well as the magnetic domain size with the thickness of the film. We also show that the Mössbauer and Kerr signals are highly dependant on the degree of order of the alloys.Nous avons étudié l'anisotropie magnétique perpendiculaire résultant de la mise en ordre chimique de type L10, dans des couches minces d'alliage FePd élaborées en Epitaxie par Jets Moléculaires. Différentes procédures d'élaboration ont été mises en oeuvre : - la codéposition à température ambiante, éventuellement suivie d'un recuit ; - la codéposition à 350°C ; - le dépôt alterné de couches atomiques Fe et Pd, contrôlé par le temps de dépôt ou par les oscillations RHEED. La structure des alliages a été étudiée par Microscopie Electronique en Transmission. Nous avons caractérisé l'ordre à longue distance (OLD) par diffraction des rayons X, et l'ordre à courte distance directionnel (OCDD) par spectroscopie EXAFS. L'anisotropie magnétique uniaxiale a été évaluée à partir de mesures de magnétométrie (VSM). Nous montrons que l'OLD et l'OCDD, de même que l'anisotropie magnétique, dépendent fortement des conditions de dépôt. Le degré d'ordre chimique le plus élevé est obtenu par la codéposition de l'alliage à 350°C : dans ce cas, l'aimantation est orientée suivant la direction perpendiculaire au plan des couches minces et l'étude par Microscopie à Force Magnétique révèle la présence de domaines magnétiques, dont la taille latérale est de l'ordre de quelques dizaines de nanomètres. L'anisotropie magnétique résultant du dépôt alterné de couches atomiques est plus faible : pour les faibles épaisseurs, l'aimantation est dans le plan de la couche et au delà d'une épaisseur critique, elle sort du plan, faisant apparaître une configuration en rubans. Nous avons interprété, par des modèles analytiques de micromagnétisme, l'évolution de la susceptibilité en champ perpendiculaire, ainsi que celle de la taille des domaines et des rubans, en fonction de l'épaisseur des couches minces. Nous avons également réalisé des expériences de spectroscopie Mössbauer et spectroscopie Kerr polaire : nous montrons que ces deux signaux sont très sensibles au degré d'ordre des alliages

Main reasons for rejection of deep brain stimulation surgery in candidates with Parkinson Disease

Abstract of the poster presented at the 2nd International Congress of CiiEM - Translational Research and Innovation in Human and Health Science. 11-13 June, 2017, Campus Egas Moniz, Monte de Caparica, Portugalinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Unusual winter Saharan dust intrusions at Northwest Spain: Air quality, radiative and health impacts

[EN] Saharan air masses can transport high amounts of mineral dust particles and biological material to the Iberian Peninsula. During winter, this kind of events is not very frequent and usually does not reach the northwest of the Peninsula. However, between 21 and 22 February 2016 and between 22 and 23 February 2017, two exceptional events were registered in León (Spain), which severely affected air quality. An integrative approach including: i) typical synoptic conditions; ii) aerosol chemical composition; iii) particle size distributions; iv) pollen concentration; v) aerosol optical depth (AOD); vi) radiative forcing and vii) estimation of the impact of aerosols in the respiratory tract, was carried out. In the global characterization of these events, the exceedance of the PM10 daily limit value, an increase in the coarse mode and a rise in the iron concentration were observed. On the 2016 event, an AOD and extinction-related Ångström exponent clearly characteristic of desert aerosol (1.1 and 0.05, respectively) were registered. Furthermore, pollen grains not typical of flowering plants in this period were identified. The chemical analysis of the aerosol from the 2017 event allowed us to confirm the presence of the main elements associated with mineral sources (aluminum, calcium, and silica concentrations). An increase in the SO42−, NO3− and Cl− concentrations during the Saharan dust intrusion was also noted. However, in this event, there was no presence of atypical pollen types. The estimated dust radiative forcing traduced a cooling effect for surface and atmosphere during both events, corroborated by trends of radiative flux measurements. The estimated impact on the respiratory tract regions of the high levels of particulate matter during both Saharan dust intrusions showed high levels for the respirable fractionSIThis study was partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Grant TEC2014-57821-R), the University of León (Programa Propio 2015/00054/001 and 2018/00203/001) and the AERORAIN project (Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Grant CGL2014-52556-R, co-financed with European FEDER funds). F. Oduber acknowledges the grant BES-2015-074473 from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. C. Blanco-Alegre acknowledges the grant FPU16-05764 from the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports, Spain. The authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and/or READY website (http://www.ready.noaa.gov) used in this study. The authors would also like to express their gratitude to the Naval Research Laboratory for providing the NAAP aerosol map and NASA for the satellite image used in the graphical abstract. The data from the MAPAMA network are property of the Office for Quality and Environmental Evaluation (DGCEA, in its Spanish acronym), belonging to the Ministry of Ecologic Transition. The data were supplied as a result of an agreement between the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Food and the Environment and the Scientific Research Council for sponsoring studies related to air pollution by particulate matter and metals in Spain. We thank AERONET network and specially Victoria E. Cachorro Revilla and Carlos Toledano for establishing and maintaining the Valladolid AERONET site used in this investigation. We also thank to Philippe Dubuisson for allowing the use of GAME model, as well as the Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique (University of Lille

Whole proteome analyses on Ruminiclostridium cellulolyticum show a modulation of the cellulolysis machinery in response to cellulosic materials with subtle differences in chemical and structural properties

Lignocellulosic materials from municipal solid waste emerge as attractive resources for anaerobic digestion biorefinery. To increase the knowledge required for establishing efficient bioprocesses, dynamics of batch fermentation by the cellulolytic bacterium Ruminiclostridium cellulolyticum were compared using three cellulosic materials, paper handkerchief, cotton discs and Whatman filter paper. Fermentation of paper handkerchief occurred the fastest and resulted in a specific metabolic profile: it resulted in the lowest acetate-to-lactate and acetate-to-ethanol ratios. By shotgun proteomic analyses of paper handkerchief and Whatman paper incubations, 151 proteins with significantly different levels were detected, including 20 of the 65 cellulosomal components, 8 non-cellulosomal CAZymes and 44 distinct extracytoplasmic proteins. Consistent with the specific metabolic profile observed, many enzymes from the central carbon catabolic pathways had higher levels in paper handkerchief incubations. Among the quantified CAZymes and cellulosomal components, 10 endoglucanases mainly from the GH9 families and 7 other cellulosomal subunits had lower levels in paper handkerchief incubations. An in-depth characterization of the materials used showed that the lower levels of endoglucanases in paper handkerchief incubations could hypothetically result from its lower crystallinity index (50%) and degree of polymerization (970). By contrast, the higher hemicellulose rate in paper handkerchief (13.87%) did not result in the enhanced expression of enzyme with xylanase as primary activity, including enzymes from the xyl-doc cluster. It suggests the absence, in this material, of molecular structures that specifically lead to xylanase induction. The integrated approach developed in this work shows that subtle differences among cellulosic materials regarding chemical and structural characteristics have significant effects on expressed bacterial functions, in particular the cellulolysis machinery, resulting in different metabolic patterns and degradation dynamics.This work was supported by a grant [R2DS 2010-08] from Conseil Regional d'Ile-de-France through DIM R2DS programs (http://www.r2ds-ile-de-france.com/). Irstea (www.irstea.fr/) contributed to the funding of a PhD grant for the first author. The funders provided support in the form of salaries for author [NB], funding for consumables and laboratory equipment, but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Omics Services provided support in the form of salaries for authors [VS, MD], but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of these authors [NB, VS, MD] are articulated in the 'author contributions' section.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Understanding the relation between Zika virus infection during pregnancy and adverse fetal, infant and child outcomes: a protocol for a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis of longitudinal studies of pregnant women and their infants and children

IntroductionZika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy is a known cause of microcephaly and other congenital and developmental anomalies. In the absence of a ZIKV vaccine or prophylactics, principal investigators (PIs) and international leaders in ZIKV research have formed the ZIKV Individual Participant Data (IPD) Consortium to identify, collect and synthesise IPD from longitudinal studies of pregnant women that measure ZIKV infection during pregnancy and fetal, infant or child outcomes.Methods and analysisWe will identify eligible studies through the ZIKV IPD Consortium membership and a systematic review and invite study PIs to participate in the IPD meta-analysis (IPD-MA). We will use the combined dataset to estimate the relative and absolute risk of congenital Zika syndrome (CZS), including microcephaly and late symptomatic congenital infections; identify and explore sources of heterogeneity in those estimates and develop and validate a risk prediction model to identify the pregnancies at the highest risk of CZS or adverse developmental outcomes. The variable accuracy of diagnostic assays and differences in exposure and outcome definitions means that included studies will have a higher level of systematic variability, a component of measurement error, than an IPD-MA of studies of an established pathogen. We will use expert testimony, existing internal and external diagnostic accuracy validation studies and laboratory external quality assessments to inform the distribution of measurement error in our models. We will apply both Bayesian and frequentist methods to directly account for these and other sources of uncertainty.Ethics and disseminationThe IPD-MA was deemed exempt from ethical review. We will convene a group of patient advocates to evaluate the ethical implications and utility of the risk stratification tool. Findings from these analyses will be shared via national and international conferences and through publication in open access, peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberPROSPERO International prospective register of systematic reviews (CRD42017068915).</jats:sec

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P &lt; 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

ANISOTROPIE MAGNETIQUE PERPENDICULAIRE DES COUCHES MINCES EPITAXIEES D'ALLIAGES ORDONNES FePd

We have studied the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy resulting from the L10 chemical ordering of FePd thin films fabricated by Molecular Beam Epitaxy. We show that both the long range order, the directional short range order and the magnetic anisotropy are highly dependant on the deposition conditions. The highest degree of order is obtained with the codeposion of the alloy at 350°C : in this case, the magnetization is perpendicular to the film plane and magnetic domains are formed. Analytical modeling has been used to interpret the variation of the magnetic susceptibility as well as the magnetic domain size with the thickness of the film. We also show that the Mössbauer and Kerr signals are highly dependant on the degree of order of the alloys.Nous avons étudié l'anisotropie magnétique perpendiculaire résultant de la mise en ordre chimique de type L10, dans des couches minces d'alliage FePd élaborées en Epitaxie par Jets Moléculaires. Différentes procédures d'élaboration ont été mises en oeuvre : - la codéposition à température ambiante, éventuellement suivie d'un recuit ; - la codéposition à 350°C ; - le dépôt alterné de couches atomiques Fe et Pd, contrôlé par le temps de dépôt ou par les oscillations RHEED. La structure des alliages a été étudiée par Microscopie Electronique en Transmission. Nous avons caractérisé l'ordre à longue distance (OLD) par diffraction des rayons X, et l'ordre à courte distance directionnel (OCDD) par spectroscopie EXAFS. L'anisotropie magnétique uniaxiale a été évaluée à partir de mesures de magnétométrie (VSM). Nous montrons que l'OLD et l'OCDD, de même que l'anisotropie magnétique, dépendent fortement des conditions de dépôt. Le degré d'ordre chimique le plus élevé est obtenu par la codéposition de l'alliage à 350°C : dans ce cas, l'aimantation est orientée suivant la direction perpendiculaire au plan des couches minces et l'étude par Microscopie à Force Magnétique révèle la présence de domaines magnétiques, dont la taille latérale est de l'ordre de quelques dizaines de nanomètres. L'anisotropie magnétique résultant du dépôt alterné de couches atomiques est plus faible : pour les faibles épaisseurs, l'aimantation est dans le plan de la couche et au delà d'une épaisseur critique, elle sort du plan, faisant apparaître une configuration en rubans. Nous avons interprété, par des modèles analytiques de micromagnétisme, l'évolution de la susceptibilité en champ perpendiculaire, ainsi que celle de la taille des domaines et des rubans, en fonction de l'épaisseur des couches minces. Nous avons également réalisé des expériences de spectroscopie Mössbauer et spectroscopie Kerr polaire : nous montrons que ces deux signaux sont très sensibles au degré d'ordre des alliages

Deep reactive etching ion etching of thermally co-evaporated Te-Ge films for IR integrated optics components

International audienc

Empreinte environnementale d'un composant de puissance à base de GaN

International audienceLes composants de puissance à base de semiconducteurs à large bande interdite (Wide Band Gap (WBG) sont intéressants pour augmenter l'efficacité énergétique des convertisseurs de puissance, par rapport aux composants conventionnels à base de silicium (Si). Alors que le potentiel gain en efficacité énergétique est connu, le coût énergétique et les impacts environnementaux à la fabrication restent peu documentés. En effet, à notre connaissance, il n'y a pas ou peu de données d'analyse de cycle de vie (ACV) disponibles pour les composants de puissance à base de nitrure de gallium (GaN ou GaN/Si) et carbure de silicium (SiC). Dans ce papier, nous présentons une analyse de cycle de vie du berceau à la porte pour un composant de puissance à base de GaN, permettant d'identifier les postes les plus impactants et de proposer des pistes d'éco-conception

Analysis of Resistance State Stability in Ge-Rich PCM Devices under Voltage and Temperature Stress

session Device Reliability (ED11.6.04)International audienc