Farmacogenómica do cancro da mama

Dissertação de mestrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2016O cancro é atualmente a doença mais letal a nível mundial, com 14,1 milhões de novos casos, dos quais resultaram 8,2 milhões de mortes em todo o mundo no ano de 2012. Só em Portugal verificou-se uma taxa de incidência de cancro da mama (bruta), no sexo feminino, de 110,12 por cada 100 mil habitantes. Contudo, tem-se verificado uma tendência positiva no que diz respeito às taxas de sobrevivência, graças à rápida evolução de novos métodos de diagnóstico e terapêutica inovadoras que vão surgindo. A carcinogénese do cancro da mama envolve, entre outros fatores, modificações genéticas que levam a alterações na função dos genes e que podem, inclusive, ser passadas às gerações seguintes. Este é um tipo de cancro com uma forte componente genética, pelo que atualmente são já conhecidas várias associações entre determinados genes com alelos mutantes, como o gene BRCA1 e o BRCA2, e o risco de desenvolvimento de cancro da mama. Nos últimos anos tem-se verificado um enorme progresso no tratamento desta doença com o desenvolvimento de fármacos mais seletivos, onde se incluem as terapias hormonais, como tamoxifeno ou os inibidores da aromatase (por exemplo, exemestano), e as terapias biológicas, onde o trastuzumab se inclui. A Farmacogenómica consiste no estudo dos fatores genéticos que afetam a função ou expressão de produtos génicos envolvidos na farmacocinética e farmacodinâmica de fármacos. Uma vez que existe uma variação muito significativa na resposta aos fármacos e, consequentemente, na taxa de sucesso da terapêutica em indivíduos submetidos a regimes equivalentes, o conceito de “medicina personalizada” tem vindo a ganhar cada vez mais interesse. Esta abordagem terapêutica tem sido implementada através da determinação das variantes genéticas de cada doente a partir de testes genómicos como o MammaPrint® ou o Oncotipo DX®, cujos resultados podem ser usados na seleção do tratamento mais seguro e eficaz de pacientes com cancro da mama

Nursing Students’ Perceptions on Healthcare-Associated Infection Control and Prevention Teaching and Learning Experience in Portugal

Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) are one of the major concerns worldwide, posing significant challenges to healthcare professionals’ education and training. This study intended to measure nursing students’ perceptions regarding their learning experiences on HAI prevention and control. In the first phase of the study, a cross-sectional and descriptive study with a convenience sample composed of undergraduate nursing students from Portugal, Spain, Poland, and Finland was conducted to develop the InovSafeCare questionnaire. In the second phase, we applied the InovSafeCare scale in a sample of nursing students from two Portuguese higher education institutions to explore which factors impact nursing students’ adherence to HAI prevention and control measures in clinical settings. In phase one, the InovSafeCare questionnaire was applied to 1326 students internationally, with the instrument presenting adequate psychometric qualities with reliability results in 14 dimensions. During phase two, the findings supported that Portuguese nursing students’ adherence to HAI prevention and control measures is influenced not only by the curricular offerings and resources available in academic settings, but also by the standards conveyed by nursing tutors during clinical placements. Our findings support the need for a dedicated curricular focus on HAI prevention and control learning, not only through specific classroom modules, innovative resources, and pedagogical approaches, but also through a complementary and coordinated liaison between teachers and tutors in academic and clinical settings.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A Narrative Review of Motor Competence in Children and Adolescents: What We Know and What We Need to Find Out

Lack of physical activity is a global public health problem causing not only morbidity and premature mortality, but it is also a major economic burden worldwide. One of the cornerstones of a physically active lifestyle is Motor Competence (MC). MC is a complex biocultural attribute and therefore, its study requires a multi-sectoral, multi-, inter- and transdisciplinary approach. MC is a growing area of research, especially in children and adolescents due to its positive association with a plethora of health and developmental outcomes. Many questions, however, remain to be answered in this field of research, with regard to: (i) Health and Developmental-related Associations of MC; (ii) Assessment of MC; (iii) Prevalence and Trends of MC; (iv) Correlates and Determinants of MC; (v) MC Interventions, and (vi) Translating MC Research into Practice and Policy. This paper presents a narrative review of the literature, summarizing current knowledge, identifying key research gaps and presenting questions for future investigation on MC in children and adolescents. This is a collaborative effort from the International Motor Competence Network (IMCNetwork) a network of academics and researchers aiming to promote international collaborative research and knowledge translation in the expansive field of MC. The knowledge and deliverables generated by addressing and answering the aforementioned research questions on MC presented in this review have the potential to shape the ways in which researchers and practitioners promote MC and physical activity in children and adolescents across the worl

MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mammals in Portugal: a data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in Portugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with ~26% of all species being included in the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associated with habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mammals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion for marine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems functionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is crucial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublished georeferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mammals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira that includes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occurring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live observations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%), bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent less than 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrows | soil mounds | tunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animal | hair | skulls | jaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8), observation in shelters, (9) photo trapping | video, (10) predators diet | pellets | pine cones/nuts, (11) scat | track | ditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalization | echolocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and 100 m (76%). Rodentia (n =31,573) has the highest number of records followed by Chiroptera (n = 18,857), Carnivora (n = 18,594), Lagomorpha (n = 17,496), Cetartiodactyla (n = 11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n = 7008). The data set includes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened (e.g., Oryctolagus cuniculus [n = 12,159], Monachus monachus [n = 1,512], and Lynx pardinus [n = 197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate the publication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contribute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting on the development of more accurate and tailored conservation management strategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications

Oral Hygiene in Patients with Stroke: A Best Practice Implementation Project Protocol

Oral hygiene has been shown to reduce adverse events and promote the quality of life of patients with stroke. However, a stroke can result in the impairment of physical, sensory, and cognitive abilities, and comprise self-care. Although nurses recognize its benefits, there are areas for improvement in the implementation of the best evidence-based recommendations. The aim is to promote compliance with the best evidence-based recommendations on oral hygiene in patients with stroke. This project will follow the JBI Evidence Implementation approach. The JBI Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System (JBI PACES) and the Getting Research into Practice (GRiP) audit and feedback tool will be used. The implementation process will be divided into three phases: (i) establishing a project team and undertaking the baseline audit; (ii) providing feedback to the healthcare team, identifying barriers to the implementation of best practices, and co-designing and implementing strategies using GRIP, and (iii) undertaking a follow-up audit to assess the outcomes and plan for sustainability. So, the successful adoption of the best evidence-based recommendations on oral hygiene in patients with stroke will reduce the adverse events related to poor oral care and may improve patients’ quality of care. This implementation project has great transferability potential to other contexts.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Oral Hygiene in Patients with Stroke: A Best Practice Implementation Project Protocol

Oral hygiene has been shown to reduce adverse events and promote the quality of life of patients with stroke. However, a stroke can result in the impairment of physical, sensory, and cognitive abilities, and comprise self-care. Although nurses recognize its benefits, there are areas for improvement in the implementation of the best evidence-based recommendations. The aim is to promote compliance with the best evidence-based recommendations on oral hygiene in patients with stroke. This project will follow the JBI Evidence Implementation approach. The JBI Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System (JBI PACES) and the Getting Research into Practice (GRiP) audit and feedback tool will be used. The implementation process will be divided into three phases: (i) establishing a project team and undertaking the baseline audit; (ii) providing feedback to the healthcare team, identifying barriers to the implementation of best practices, and co-designing and implementing strategies using GRIP, and (iii) undertaking a follow-up audit to assess the outcomes and plan for sustainability. So, the successful adoption of the best evidence-based recommendations on oral hygiene in patients with stroke will reduce the adverse events related to poor oral care and may improve patients’ quality of care. This implementation project has great transferability potential to other contexts

Gestão pública II: relatos, pesquisas, experiências e visão de trabalho.

Coletânea de trabalhos publicados e premiados no II Seminário de Gestão Pública da UFRA e na 1ª edição do Prêmio Novos Ventos de Gestão Pública, sob a responsabilidade da Pró-Reitoria de Gestão de Pessoas (PROGEP).UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL RURAL DA AMAZÔNIAEste livro, na forma de coletânea, se constituiu em um processo mais amplo de reflexão sobre a gestão pública dentro da Universidade. Aqui, partimos para uma importante reflexão, a partir do processo de sistematizar experiências, relatos de experiência, e pesquisas, sobre a Universidade Pública e sua relação com as pessoas e as ciências. Em especial, o capítulo 1, a partir da coletânea dos trabalhos apresentados no II Seminário de Gestão Pública, diferencia-se dos trabalhos submetidos para a primeira edição. As experiências destacadas para este livro reforçam a identidade e missão da UFRA, como os resultados dos trabalhos “OS CAMINHOS DA MERENDA ESCOLAR: análise da logística na cadeia de suprimentos do município de Tomé-Açu” e “ANÁLISE QVT NA GESTÃO DE UMA EMPRESA PRODUTORA DE DENDÊ EM TOMÉ-AÇU/PA”, e que também agregam valor a gestores e equipes de trabalho quando promovem a discussão de temas relacionados ao dia-a-dia do trabalho, tais como: QUALIDADE DE VIDA NO TRABALHO e GESTÃO ESTRATÉGICA DE PESSOAS NO SETOR PÚBLICO. Nesse sentido, servidores e pesquisadores cumprem a função de embasar inúmeras discussões que vêm sendo travadas pelas Instituições Públicas sobre qualidade de vida, inclusão, garantia de direitos, melhoria de procedimentos, dentre outros. O capítulo II, enquanto coletânea das experiências de trabalho indicada para premiação, é um momento riquíssimo de se perceber a quantidade e a qualidade de ações planejadas, organizadas e realizadas por servidores públicos. Em tempos que algumas práticas do serviço público não são bem vistas, reforça-se aqui que alguns dos relatos foram concebidos em meio a falta de recursos financeiros e estruturais, mas que não impediram os proponentes de seguir em frente. Mais do que isso, o reconhecimento dos beneficiários e usuários faz com que reforcemos a necessidade de fortalecer ações que agregam inúmeros valores a vida laboral dos servidores públicos e a própria Universidade Pública.This book, in the form of a collection, constituted a broader process of reflection on public management within the University. Here, we start an important reflection, based on the process of systematizing experiences, experience reports, and research, about the Public University and its relationship with people and the sciences. In particular, chapter 1, from the collection of works presented at the II Seminar on Public Management, differs from the works submitted for the first edition. The experiences highlighted for this book reinforce UFRA's identity and mission, such as the results of the work “THE PATHS OF SCHOOL BREAKFAST: analysis of logistics in the supply chain in the municipality of Tomé-Açu” and “QVT ANALYSIS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF A PRODUCING COMPANY OF DENDÊ IN TOMÉ-AÇU / PA ”, and which also add value to managers and work teams when promoting the discussion of topics related to day-to-day work, such as: QUALITY OF LIFE AT WORK and STRATEGIC PEOPLE MANAGEMENT IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR. In this sense, civil servants and researchers fulfill the function of supporting numerous discussions that have been held by Public Institutions on quality of life, inclusion, guarantee of rights, improvement of procedures, among others. Chapter II, as a collection of work experiences indicated for awards, is a very rich moment to realize the quantity and quality of actions planned, organized and carried out by public servants. In times when some public service practices are not well regarded, it is reinforced here that some of the reports were conceived amid a lack of financial and structural resources, but that did not prevent proponents from moving forward. More than that, the recognition of beneficiaries and users makes us reinforce the need to strengthen actions that add innumerable values ​​to the working life of public servants and the Public University itself