Réduire la distance à l’enseignement supérieur : le stage comme instrument transformateur des territoires

Introduction Nous présentons une recherche doctorale juste débutée dont le financement est pris en charge par le programme ACCES (ACCompagner vers l’Enseignement Supérieur). ACCES, porté par les universités de Bordeaux, de Bordeaux-Montaigne et de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, est lauréat du troisième Plan d’investissement d’avenir. Le programme questionne le paradoxe aquitain selon lequel le taux de réussite au bac de ses élèves est au-dessus de la moyenne nationale, mais son taux d’inscriptio..

Seasonal variation of LAI in the footprint of a flux measurement tower

C

Taking Cooperative Decisions in Group-Based Wireless Sensor Networks

Several studies have demonstrated that communications are more efficient when cooperative group-based architectures are used in wireless sensor networks (WSN). This type of architecture allows increasing sensor nodes' lifetime by decreasing the number of messages in network. But, the main gap is to know how to take cooperative decisions in order to make the right communication. In this paper, we analyze the main aspects related to collaborative decisions in WSNs. A mathematical analysis will be presented in order to take the correct decision. Finally, the simulations will show the efficiency of the method used to make cooperative decisions in WSNs. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.García Pineda, M.; Lloret, J.; Sendra Compte, S.; Rodrigues, JJPC. (2011). Taking Cooperative Decisions in Group-Based Wireless Sensor Networks. En Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Verlag (Germany). 61-65. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-23734-8_9S6165Garcia, M., Bri, D., Sendra, S., Lloret, J.: Practical Deployments of Wireless Sensor Networks: a Survey. Int. Journal on Advances in Networks and Services 3(3-4), 170–185 (2010)Lloret, J., Garcia, M., Tomas, J.: Improving Mobile and Ad-hoc Networks performance using Group-Based Topologies. In: Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks II. IFIP, vol. 264, pp. 209–220 (2008)Garcia, M., Lloret, J.: A Cooperative Group-Based Sensor Network for Environmental Monitoring. In: Luo, Y. (ed.) CDVE 2009. LNCS, vol. 5738, pp. 276–279. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)Garcia, M., Sendra, S., Lloret, J., Lacuesta, R.: Saving Energy with Cooperative Group-Based Wireless Sensor Networks. In: Luo, Y. (ed.) CDVE 2010. LNCS, vol. 6240, pp. 73–76. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)Parsa, S., Parand, F.-A.: Cooperative decision making in a knowledge grid environment. Future Generation Computer Systems 23, 932–938 (2007)Soubie, J.-L., Zaraté, P.: Distributed Decision Making: A Proposal of Support Through Cooperative Systems. J. Group Decisions and Negotiation 14(2), 147–158 (2005)Kraemer, K.L., King, J.L.: Computer-based systems for cooperative work and group decision making. ACM Computer Survey 20(2), 115–146 (1988)Kernan, J.B.: Choice Criteria, Decision Behavior, and Personality. Journal of Marketing Research 5(2), 155–164 (1968

Placentary efficiency in nutritionally restricted goats during gestation

La nutrición materna condiciona el desarrollo placentario y el correcto intercambio nutricional materno-fetal, afectando directamente el peso al nacimiento. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto de la restricción nutricional durante la gestación sobre la eficiencia placentaria en cabras, el peso placentario, el peso y el sexo de los cabritos. Se utilizaron 10 cabras Anglo-Nubian en el Departamento de Nutrición Animal de la Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, las cuales fueron sincronizadas artificialmente y servidas por monta natural. Luego de comprobar su preñez, fueron separadas en un grupo control (C) (n=5) y un grupo restringidas nutricionalmente a partir del segundo tercio de gestación (R) (n=5). Las placentas obtenidas luego de la parición fueron recolectadas y pesadas, en ese momento se realizó el pesaje y el sexado de los cabritos. El análisis estadístico de la eficiencia placentaria no reveló diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el grupo C y el grupo R (p=0,2935), aunque, fue posible observar una tendencia de mayor eficiencia placentaria en el grupo R coincidente con placentas más pequeñas y menor peso de los cabritos. No se observó asociación entre la eficiencia placentaria con el sexo de los cabritos (p= 0,7127). El aumento de la eficiencia placentaria podría explicarse por cambios en la histoarquitectura celular y vascular, para compensar el transporte de nutrientes a través de la placenta. En este estudio se evidencia una tendencia a una mayor eficiencia placentaria en las cabras sometidas a una restricción nutricional de tipo energética durante la gestación debido a la disminución del peso al nacimiento de los cabritos y del peso placentario.Maternal nutrition conditions placental development and the correct maternal-fetal nutritional exchange, directly affecting birth weight. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of nutritional restriction during pregnancy on placental efficiency in goats, placental weight, weight and sex of the kids. 10 Anglo-Nubian goats were used in the Department of Animal Nutrition of the National University of Río Cuarto, which were artificially synchronized and served by natural riding. After checking their pregnancy, they were separated into a control group (C) (n=5) and a group nutritionally restricted from the second third of gestation (R) (n=5). The placentas obtained after calving were collected and weighed, at that time the weighing and sexing of the goats was also carried out. The statistical analysis of placental efficiency did not reveal statistically significant differences between group C and R (p=0.2935), although it was possible to observe a tendency to higher placental efficiency in group R, coinciding with smaller placentas and lower weight of the kids. No association was observed between placental efficiency and the sex of the kids (p=0.7127). The increase in placental efficiency could be explained by changes in the cellular and vascular histoarchitecture, to compensate for the transport of nutrients through the placenta. This study shows a trend towards greater placental efficiency in goats subjected to an energy-related nutritional restriction during gestation due to the decrease in the birth weight of the kids and the placental weight.Fil: Fiorimanti, Mariana Rita. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Patología Animal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Cristofolini, Andrea Lorena. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Patología Animal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Benzoni, Anabela. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Clínica Animal; ArgentinaFil: Bozzo, Aida Andrea. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Anatomía Animal; ArgentinaFil: Díaz, Tomás. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Cs.exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Anatomia Animal. Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Embriologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Flores Bracamonte, María Carolina. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Cs.exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Anatomia Animal. Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Embriologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Audap Soubie, Rafael. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Clínica Animal; ArgentinaFil: Coniglio, María Valeria. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomia y Veterinaria. Departamento de Producción Animal. Cátedra de Nutrición Animal; ArgentinaFil: Cavaglieri, Lilia Reneé. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología. Cátedra de Micología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Barbeito, Claudio Gustavo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Merkis, Cecilia Inés. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Patología Animal; Argentin

Elevated CO2 did not affect the hydrological balance of a mature native Eucalyptus woodland

Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (eCa) might reduce forest water-use, due to decreased transpiration, following partial stomatal closure, thus enhancing water-use efficiency and productivity at low water availability. If evapotranspiration (Et) is reduced, it may subsequently increase soil water storage ( S) or surface runoff (R) and drainage (Dg), although these could be offset or even reversed by changes in vegetation structure, mainly increased leaf area index (L). To understand the effect of eCa in a water-limited ecosystem, we tested whether 2 years of eCa (~40% increase) affected the hydrological partitioning in a mature water-limited Eucalyptus woodland exposed to Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE). This timeframe allowed us to evaluate whether physiological effects of eCa reduced stand water-use irrespective of L, which was unaffected by eCa in this timeframe. We hypothesized that eCa would reduce tree-canopy transpiration (Etree), but excess water from reduced Etree would be lost via increased soil evaporation and understory transpiration (Efloor) with no increase in S, R or Dg. We computed Et, S, R and Dg from measurements of sapflow velocity, L, soil water content (?), understory micrometeorology, throughfall and stemflow. We found that eCa did not affect Etree, Efloor, S or ? at any depth (to 4.5 m) over the experimental period. We closed the water balance for dry seasons with no differences in the partitioning to R and Dg between Ca levels. Soil temperature and ? were the main drivers of Efloor while vapour pressure deficit-controlled Etree, though eCa did not significantly affect any of these relationships. Our results suggest that in the short-term, eCa does not significantly affect ecosystem water-use at this site. We conclude that water-savings under eCa mediated by either direct effects on plant transpiration or by indirect effects via changes in L or soil moisture availability are unlikely in water-limited mature eucalypt woodlands. (c) 2018 John Wiley and Sons LtdEuropean Commission; EucFACE is supported by the Australian Commonwealth Government in collaboration with the Western Sydney University (WSU). EucFACE was built as an initiative of the Australian Government as part of the Nation-building Economic Stimulus Package. TEG was funded by a research collaborative agreement between CSIRO and WSU within the CSIRO Flagship programme “Water for a Healthy Country” during this research, and funded by the IdEx programme of the Université de Bordeaux and a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Intra-European fellowship (Grant Agreement No. 653223) during manuscript preparation

Knowledge reuse integrating the collaboration from experts in industrial maintenance management

Distributed environments, technological evolution, outsourcing market and information technology (IT) are factors that considerably influence current and future industrial maintenance management. Repairing and maintaining the plants and installations requires a better and more sophisticated skill set and continuously updated knowledge. Today, maintenance solutions involve increasing the collaboration of several experts to solve complex problems. These solutions imply changing the requirements and practices for maintenance; thus, conceptual models to support multidisciplinary expert collaboration in decision making are indispensable. The objectives of this work are as follows: (i) knowledge formalization of domain vocabulary to improve the communication and knowledge sharing among a number of experts and technical actors with Conceptual Graphs (CGs) formalism, (ii) multi-expert knowledge management with the Transferable Belief Model (TBM) to support collaborative decision making, and (iii) maintenance problem solving with a variant of the Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) mechanism with a process of solving new problems based on the solutions of similar past problems and integrating the experts’ beliefs. The proposed approach is applied for the maintenance management of the illustrative case study

Évaluation de l'évapotranspiration réelle, de ses composantes et de sa régulation dans un peuplement composé de hêtre et de douglas : analyse comparative de l'effet espèce et des méthodes d'évaluation.

Les changements climatiques impactant le cycle de l’eau, le bilan hydrique des forêts doit être précisé afin de leur assurer une gestion durable. L’évapotranspiration réelle (ETR) est la composante du bilan intégrant la réponse des arbres dans le cycle de l’eau. L’ETR d’un peuplement mixte (hêtre et douglas ; Vielsalm, Belgique), a été caractérisée en 2010-2011 à partir de 4 méthodes : i) l’eddy covariance (ET), ii) l’analytique, décomposant l’ETR (transpiration et interception), iii) le bilan hydrique du sol et iv) la modélisation. L’objectif : évaluer l’évapotranspiration réelle, ses composantes et sa régulation, en distinguant les contributions des espèces, et incluant la validation d’ET, mesurée depuis 1998. L’effet espèce est faible sur la réserve en eau utile du sol (RU), établie en moyenne pour les hêtres et les douglas à 203 et 221 mm. La variabilité spatiale des teneurs en eau du sol est grande, définissant des limites inférieures de RU de 98 et 133 mm. En 2010-2011, pour des LAI similaires, la transpiration journalière moyenne des hêtres (2.2 mm/j) excède celle des douglas (1.6 mm/j). Les variations interannuelles des flux transpiratoires modélisés sont faibles depuis 1998, comme les indices de stress hydriques. En journalier, ou en saisonnier, les évaluations de l’ETR en 2010-2011 par les 4 méthodes donnent des résultats concordants et similaires entre sous-peuplements (de l’ordre de 1.5 à 2 mm.j-1). Les hêtres et les douglas se distinguent par la répartition des flux constituant leur ETR. Les flux d’interception mesurés sont plus faibles pour les hêtres (10% contre 23 % pour les douglas). Les mesures d’ET en 2010-2011 sont validées. Sur la période 1998-2008, une sous-estimation d’ET les jours pluvieux (de 83 à 22 % pour 1 ≤ ET ≤ 4 mm) est mise en évidence.(AGRO - Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique) -- UCL, 201

Présentation d'un cadre comptable régional

Les préoccupations régionales prennent une place de plus en plus grande dans la préparation du plan national. L'expérience des études menées jusqu'ici, la nature des options à prendre rendent, semble-t-il, nécessaire la recherche d'une harmonisation des moyens d'analyse. Le cadre comptable proposé dans cet article a été établi dans cet esprit. On s'est attaché à le rendre cohérent avec le cadre comptable national, instrument de base de l'étude du développement à l'échelle de la France.Soubie P. Présentation d'un cadre comptable régional. In: Etudes et conjoncture - Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques, n°10, 1965 (20ᵉ année). pp. 95-105

Species effect on the water use efficiency of a mixed forest of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) in Belgium Ardennes

Induced by climate change, intensity and frequency of droughts should be more important for the next century. How does water availability affect the physiology of woody plants at the species and stand scale? Carbon and water vapour fluxes measurements of a mixed forest (deciduous and coniferous) were performed for over ten years by the eddy covariance method in Belgian Ardennes (Aubinet et al, 2001) as a part of the CarboEurope project. Whereas carbon fluxes have been analyzed in detailed and good estimations of the Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) and Gross Primary Production (GPP) were obtained, a thorough analysis of water vapour fluxes remains to be done. Improving analysis of water vapour fluxes and monitoring species transpiration will contribute to the estimation of the water use efficiency, WUE, at both the species and stand scale. The WUE well characterizes the vegetation productivity and ecosystem response to environmental factors. It also allows evaluating the sensitivity of temperate woody species to drought. The species concerned are beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and silver fir (Abies alba Mill.). Since summer 2009 we monitor and analyze each species water use by measuring sap flow with the thermal dissipation method (Granier, 1987). Results at the species level will then be upscaled and compared to stand water vapour fluxes measurements obtained by the eddy covariance methodology. Transpiration of each species will be analyzed in relation with their own phenological and ecophysiological attributes, ecosystem soil and atmospheric conditions, to clarify among others their behaviour in case of water deficit. Data are actually analysed, the presented results will concern the 2009, and a part of 2010 growing season