Effects of resistance training program on muscle mass and muscle strength and the relationship with cognition in Older Women

The aim of this study was to study the effects of a resistance training programme on Maximal Dynamic Strength (MDS) and muscle morphology of the upper limbs (UL) and lower limbs (LL), as well as to analyse their association with cognition, in a population of older women. The study had a duration of 24 months and a total of 93 Chilean older women participated. The participants were divided into two groups: The Physical Activity Group (PAG, n = 45, age (X ± SD) 77.93 ± 3.54 years), and the Sedentary Group (SG, n = 48, age (X ± SD) 77.71 ± 3.41 years). The PAG carried out a muscle strength training routine twice per week. The following variables were evaluated: Muscle function through maximal dynamic strength (1RM), muscle morphology through arm and calf circumference (AC and CC, respectively), and cognition (Mini Mental State Examination: MMSE). The results show that the SG recorded significant decreases (percent changes; p < 0.05) in the analysed variables: MMSE (-3.5%), MDS in UL (-3.3%), MDS in LL (-4.1%), AC (-4.5%), CC (-4.1%), and BMI (-3.1%). However, the PAG improved significantly in all the analysed variables except in BMI: MMSE (3.9%), MDS in UL (3.6%), MDS in LL (3.5%), AC (1.8%), and CC (2.5%). Moreover, there was a significant association (p < 0.05) between the changes in the muscle strength variables and the changes in cognition level. Therefore, it can be concluded that a two-year muscle strength training programme (load intensity between 30-55% 1RM) in older women improves Maximal Dynamic Strength in UL and LL, as well as muscle mass in arms and calves. Furthermore, it can be asserted that the changes in muscle strength levels could predict the changes in the levels of cognition in older women. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

Effect of different technologies (conventional thermal treatment, microwave…) and stress conditions (acid shock) on Listeria monocytogenes in food

[SPA] Los microorganismos poseen capacidad de desarrollar respuestas de carácter adaptativo cuando han sido sometidos a condiciones subletales, activando mecanismos generales de defensa capaces de provocar un aumento en su resistencia a éste y otros estreses, entre los que se encuentran los diferentes métodos de conservación de alimentos. Entre los métodos de inactivación bacteriana a nivel industrial, el tratamiento térmico convencional presenta numerosas ventajas y es uno de los más extensamente utilizados. Sin embargo, el procesado con microondas tiene también ventajas y no es tan empleado. Por lo tanto, el presente proyecto tiene como objetivos la determinación del efecto de diferentes condiciones de estrés, como un choque ácido, así como el efecto del pH del medio de calentamiento sobre la inactivación y daño subletal de Listeria monocytogenes sometida a tecnologías como un tratamiento térmico convencional y tratamiento por microondas, entre otros, en alimento. [ENG] Microorganisms have the ability to develop adaptive responses when they are subjected to sublethal conditions, triggering general defense mechanisms which are capable to increase resistance to this and other stresses, among those it’s can be found the different methods of food preservation. Among the methods of bacterial inactivation at the industrial level, conventional thermal treatments present many advantages and is one of the most widely used. However, microwave processing, although has also several advantages is not so high employed. Therefore, the present project aims at determining the effect of different stressing conditions like acid shock as well as the effect of the heating medium pH on the inactivation and sublethal damage of Listeria monocytogenes treated with technologies such as conventional thermal and microwaves treatments, among others, in food.Esta investigación está siendo posible gracias al apoyo financiero proporcionado por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, a través del proyecto AGL-2013- 48993-C2-1-R

Effect of microwave thermal treatment and stress conditions (acid shoc) on Listeria monocytogenes in food

[SPA] Los microorganismos poseen capacidad de desarrollar respuestas de carácter adaptativo cuando han sido sometidos a condiciones subletales, activando mecanismos generales de defensa capaces de provocar un aumento en su resistencia a éste y otros estreses, entre los que se encuentran los diferentes métodos de conservación de alimentos. Entre los métodos de inactivación bacteriana a nivel industrial, el tratamiento térmico convencional presenta numerosas ventajas y es uno de los más extensamente utilizados. Sin embargo, el procesado con microondas tiene también ventajas y no es tan empleado. Por lo tanto, el presente proyecto tiene como objetivos la determinación del efecto de diferentes condiciones de estrés, como un choque ácido, así como el efecto del pH del medio de calentamiento sobre la inactivación de Listeria monocytogenes sometida a tecnologías como un tratamiento térmico convencional y tratamiento por microondas, entre otros, en alimento. Los resultados mostraron que un choque ácido afecta a la termorresistencia del microorganismo, disminuyendo su resistencia a un calentamiento por microondas. [ENG] Microorganisms have the ability to develop adaptive responses when they are subjected to sublethal conditions, triggering general defense mechanisms which are capable to increase resistance to this and other stresses, among those it’s can be found the different methods of food preservation. Among the methods of bacterial inactivation at the industrial level, conventional thermal treatments present many advantages and is one of the most widely used. However, microwave processing, although has also several advantages is not so high employed. Therefore, the present project aims at determining the effect of different stressing conditions like acid shock as well as the effect of the heating medium pH on the inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes treated with technologies such as conventional thermal and microwaves treatments, among others, in food. The results obtained have shown that the acid shock affects the microorganism thermoresistance by decreasing its resistance by microwave heating.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, proyecto AGL-2013- 48993-C2-1-R

Heat dissipation in few-layer MoS2and MoS2/hBN heterostructure

State-of-the-art fabrication and characterisation techniques have been employed to measure the thermal conductivity of suspended, single-crystalline MoS2 and MoS2/hBN heterostructures. Two-laser Raman scattering thermometry was used combined with real time measurements of the absorbed laser power. Measurements on MoS2 layers with thicknesses of 5 and 14 nm exhibit thermal conductivity in the range between 12 Wm-1 K-1 and 24 Wm-1 K-1. Additionally, after determining the thermal conductivity of the latter MoS2 sample, an hBN flake was transferred onto it and the effective thermal conductivity of the heterostructure was subsequently measured. Remarkably, despite that the thickness of the hBN layer was less than a hal of the thickness of the MoS2 layer, the heterostructure showed an almost eight-fold increase in the thermal conductivity, being able to dissipate more than ten times the laser power without any visible sign of damage. These results are consistent with a high thermal interface conductance G between MoS2 and hBN and an efficient in-plane heat spreading driven by hBN. Indeed, we estimate G ∼ 70 MW m-2 K-1 for hBN layer thermal conductivity of 450 Wm-1 K-1 which is significantly higher than previously reported values. Our work therefore demonstrates that the insertion of hBN layers in potential MoS2-based devices holds the promise for efficient thermal management.This work was partially funded by the European Union under the H2020 FET-OPEN NANOPOLY (GA 289061) and Spanish Ministry of Science projects SIP (PGC2018-101743-B-I00), ADAGIO (PGC2018-094490-B-C22), 2DTecBio (FIS2017-85787-R) and 2DENGINE (PID2019-111773RB- I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033). E D C acknowledges the Spanish Ministry of Science for the Juan de la Cierva Fellowship (JC-2015-25201) and the Ramon y Cajal fellowship (RYC2019-027879-I). D N U and J F S acknowledge the Ramón y Cajal fellowships RYC2014-15392 and RYC2019-028368-I/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. M V C acknowledges project (Reference No. 103739) funded by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación through the PCI 2019 call. The Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2) is funded by the CERCA program/Generalitat de Catalunya, and is supported by the Severo Ochoa program from Spanish MINECO (Grant No. SEV-2017-0706). K W and T T acknowledge support from the Elemental Strategy Initiative conducted by the MEXT, Japan (Grant Number JPMXP0112101001) and JSPS KAKENHI (Grant Numbers 19H05790 and JP20H00354)

Intimate partner violence, interpersonal aggression, and life history strategy

We integrate life history (LH) theory with "hot/cool" systems theory of self-regulation to predict sexually and socially coercive behaviors, including intimate partner violence (IPV) and interpersonal aggression (IPA). LH theory predicts that a variety of traits form LH strategies: adaptively coordinated behavioral clusters arrayed on a continuum from slow to fast. We test structural models examining 2 propositions: (a) "hot" cognitive processes, promoted by faster LH strategies, increase the likelihood of sexually/socially coercive behaviors that make up IPV and IPA; (b) "cool" cognitive processes, promoted by slower LH strategies, buffer against the likelihood of sexually/socially coercive behaviors that make up IPV and IPA. We present single and multisample structural equations models (SEMs and MSEMs) testing hypothesized causal relations among these theoretically specified predictors with IPV and IPA. Study 1 develops a Structural Equation Model for IPV; Study 2 extends the model to IPA using MSEM and provides 5 cross-cultural constructive replications of the findings. Integrating LH theory and hot/cool systems analysis of cognitive processes is a promising and productive heuristic for future research on IPV and IPA perpetration and victimization. </p

Dendritic cell deficiencies persist seven months after SARS-CoV-2 infection

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 infection induces an exacerbated inflammation driven by innate immunity components. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in the defense against viral infections, for instance plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), have the capacity to produce vast amounts of interferon-alpha (IFN-α). In COVID-19 there is a deficit in DC numbers and IFN-α production, which has been associated with disease severity. In this work, we described that in addition to the DC deficiency, several DC activation and homing markers were altered in acute COVID-19 patients, which were associated with multiple inflammatory markers. Remarkably, previously hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients remained with decreased numbers of CD1c+ myeloid DCs and pDCs seven months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, the expression of DC markers such as CD86 and CD4 were only restored in previously nonhospitalized patients, while no restoration of integrin β7 and indoleamine 2,3-dyoxigenase (IDO) levels were observed. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the immunological sequelae of COVID-19

Pieczyngowie : koczownicy w krajobrazie politycznym i kulturowym średniowiecznej Europy

Introduction: The deterioration of cognition is highly predominant in older adults. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of a walk program on the cognition and blood concentration of lipids in women over 60 years of age who were being treated with Lovastatin. Materials and methods: Participants were distributed in two groups: an exercise group (EG, n=45) with aerobic training and an inactive sedentary group (SG, n=22). The cognitive state of the subjects was assessed through the Spanish Mini-Cog Test version of the MMSE; lipoproteins were quantified using a lipid profile test and the cardiorespiratory fitness was measured using the 6 min Walk Test (6MWT). Results: EG showed a significant increase (p0.05). Conclusion: A controlled and progressive walk program for older women treated with Lovastatin may induce a boost of brain activity linked to HDL-C, which could delay cognitive impairment

Nanoimprinted photonic crystals for the modification of the (CdSe)ZnS nanocrystals light emission

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