GRASS : flame retardant artificial turf : safe and sustainable

Artificial grass is mainly composed of organic polymers with a consequent potential fire hazard. However, the behaviour of artificial grass in case of fire has been poorly studied and is thus misunderstood. The GRASS project has two objectives: informing the public that natural turf has a different fire behaviour than artificial turf and improving fire behaviour of artificial turf by developing innovative, eco-friendly and industrially applicable processes. In the project, constant consultations take place with a resonance group of stake holders represented by producers, installers, sports organisations, governments and end users. The involvement of the resonance group is sufficient guarantee that the new processes emanating from this project will be acceptable for all actors involved in the artificial turf sector (from production and end usage to recycling) and that they will be put into practice

Contribution of infill materials to the fire behavior of artificial grass

Artificial grass is mainly composed of organic polymers with a consequent potential fire hazard. However, the behavior of artificial grass in case of fire has been poorly studied and is thus misunderstood. The purpose of this study is thus to have a better understanding of the contribution of the different components of the artificial turf in the fire performances. In this work, the influence of the nature of the infill is more specifically investigated

VARIATIONS DEPUIS 10000 ANS DE LA REPARTITION ET DE LA PRODUCTIVITE DES FORETS D'ALTITUDE DANS LES ALPES ET LE JURA ET SIMULATION DES CHANGEMENTS FUTURS

Ce travail repose sur les charbons de bois enfouis dans les sols et les autres macrorestes ont été datés par 14C et identifiés botaniquement, et pour un site particulier (lac Cristol), sur les analyses de pollens, d'insectes, de macro-restes végétaux, charbons de bois et tronc d'arbres ont été combinés en une « approche multi-proxy » afin de mieux comprendre les variations de la forêt de montagne en réponse aux changements climatiques globaux et à l'activité anthropique. Les variations de la limite de la forêt sont de plus de 500 m durant l'Holocène. La période la plus chaude semble avoir été 9000-8000 ans cal B.P. (années calendaires avant le présent). Les hauts niveaux lacustres du début et de la fin de l'Holocène sont de natures en fait assez différentes. Au début de l'Holocène ils sont principalement dus à une évapotranspiration plus faible, et à la fin de l'Holocène à des précipitations plus élevées. L'ensemble de ces informations a permis de tester un modèle de végétation (Biome3) par une utilisation en mode inverse et à essayer de prédire l'évolution de la végétation. Un doublement de CO2 permet à la végétation d'évoluer vers des conditions plus tempérées. Une « forêt mixte tempérée », pourra devenir une forêt décidue tempérée grâce à des hivers nettement plus doux et à une meilleure efficacité dans l'utilisation de l'eau en été. Ces sites d'altitude ont connu une telle végétation entre 9000 et 8000 ans cal B.P

Methicillin-Susceptible ST398 Staphylococcus aureus Responsible for Bloodstream Infections: An Emerging Human-Adapted Subclone?

In the course of an annual 3-month bloodstream infections (BSI) survey conducted during a four-year period in 31 healthcare institutions located in three noncontiguous French regions, we report 18 ST398 Staphylococcus aureus BSI. ST398 BSI incidence showed a seven-fold increase during the study period (0.002 per 1,000 patient days in 2007 vs. 0.014 in 2010). ST398 BSI isolates differed from the pig-borne multiresistant clone: 17/18 BSI isolates were methicillin susceptible and none was of t011, t034 or t108 pig-borne spa-types. ST398 BSI isolates had homogenous resistance patterns (15/18 with only Eryr) and prophagic content (all harboured the hlb-converting Sau3int phage). The clustering of BSI and pig-borne isolates by spa-typing and MLVA, the occurrence of Sau3int phage in BSI isolates and the lack of this phage in pig-borne isolates suggest that the emergence of BSI isolates could have arisen from horizontal transfer, at least of the Sau3int phage, in genetically diverse MSSA ST398 isolates. The acquisition of the phage likely plays a role in the increasing ability of the lysogenic ST398 isolates to colonize human. The mode of acquisition of the non pig-borne ST398 isolates by our 18 patients remains unclear. ST398 BSI were diagnosed in patients lacking livestock exposure and were significantly associated with digestive portals of entry (3/18 [16.7%] for ST398 vs. 19/767 [2.5%] for non ST398 BSI; p = .012). This raises the question of possible foodborne human infections. We suggest the need for active surveillance to study and control the spread of this human-adapted subclone increasingly isolated in the hospital setting

Syndrome de Ghosal ou dysplasie hémato-diaphysaire (nouvelle observation et revue de la littérature)

Une enfant, dont les parents sont cousins germains, a présenté dans sa petite enfance une anémie sévère accompagnée de déformations cliniques des membres dues à une dysplasie diaphysaire avec hyperostose corticale, élargissement des diaphyses et des cavités médullaires. Le traitement par corticoïdes a permis une amélioration clinique, biologique et radiologique. Le diagnostic de Syndrome de Ghosal a été retenu après discussion d'autres diagnostics, notamment la Maladie de Camurati Engelmann.PARIS7-Xavier Bichat (751182101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Ecological Study of the Effectiveness of Isolation Precautions in the Management of Hospitalized Patients Colonized or Infected With Acinetobacter baumannii *.

International audienceObjective. @nbsp; To assess the impact of isolation precautions on the incidence of patients colonized or infected with Acinetobacter baumannii (case patients) in a university hospital during the period from 1999 to 2006. Design. @nbsp; Ecological study. Setting. @nbsp; The Besan? University Hospital in France, a 1,200-bed acute care hospital with approximately 50,000 admissions per year. Methods. @nbsp; Using Poisson regression analysis, we evaluated a total of 350,000 patient-days to determine the annual incidence of case patients. This annual incidence was used as the outcome variable, and infection control practices, antibiotic use, and other aggregated data regarding patients' age, sex, McCabe score, and immune status were used as covariates. Results. @nbsp; The implementation of isolation precautions was independently and negatively associated with the incidence of patients colonized or infected with A. baumannii (relative risk, 0.50 [95% confidence interval, 0.40-0.64]; [Formula: see text]). Conclusions. @nbsp; Our study suggests that the implementation of isolation precautions, in addition to standard precautions, effectively prevents the spread of A. baumannii in a hospital setting

De la terre aux étoiles, Lucien Rudaux (1874-1947), illustrateur et photographe donvillais, livret d'exposition (17 décembre 2010-30 avril 2011)

[Poirier-Haudebert Sophie, Halais Jérémie, Désiré dit Gosset G. (dir.), Talon Alain (dir.)

A novel enteric neuron-glia coculture system reveals the role of glia in neuronal development.

Unlike astrocytes in the brain, the potential role of enteric glial cells (EGCs) in the formation of the enteric neuronal circuit is currently unknown. To examine the role of EGCs in the formation of the neuronal network, we developed a novel neuron-enriched culture model from embryonic rat intestine grown in indirect coculture with EGCs. We found that EGCs shape axonal complexity and synapse density in enteric neurons, through purinergic- and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor-dependent pathways. Using a novel and valuable culture model to study enteric neuron-glia interactions, our study identified EGCs as a key cellular actor regulating neuronal network maturation