Разнообразие рельефа подводных вулканических гор Северо-Восточной Атлантики

Проведен анализ строения вулканических подводных гор группы Атлантис-Грейт-Метеор, а также районов архипелагов Островов Зеленого Мыса, Канарского и Азорского. Их наиболее простой тип представляет собой конусоподобное сооружение с одной вершиной (г. Маю). Более сложный тип представлен двумя сближенными вулканическими постройками (г. Нола). Подводные горы формировались также в результате деятельности вулкана центрального типа и трещинной системы (г. Те-Папс). Более сложной морфологией обладают горы, которые возникали в результате деятельности подводного вулкана центрального типа, который сочетался с активностью 3–4 радиальных трещинных вулканических систем (г. Тропик). Подводные горы формировались также только при трещинных извержениях (г. Кондор, Кадамосто). Они представляют собой хребты, протяженностью в десятки км не имеющих четко выраженной вершины. Все описанные типы гор, при их подъеме выше уровня моря, последующей абразии и погружении приводит к созданию плосковершинных построек (гайотов) (г. Сенгор)

Ингибирование активности каспазы-2 в клетках Т-клеточной лимфомы человека Jurkat при помощи переключающего сплайсинг олигонуклеотида к её пре-мРНК

Caspase-2 is a key enzyme thinvolved in induction of apoptosis. The caspase-2 level is regulated by alternative splicing (AS) of its mRNA. The aim of this work was to determine the ability of an oligonucleotide complementary to Casp-2 pre-mRNA to induce AS. This oligonucleotide blocked the binding of splicing-regulating proteins to their sites at the end of exon 9 of Casp-2 pre-mRNA, leading to induction of AS of Casp-2 mRNA. The decrease in expression of full-size active splice-variant (Casp-2L) and the increase the expression of a shortened variant (Casp-2S) was demonstrated in human T-cell lymphoma Jurkat cell line. The expression level of total Casp-2 remained unchanged. Disproportion of splice variants of Casp-2 led to inhibition of enzymatic activity of caspase-2.Каспаза-2 является ферментом, участвующим в индукции апоптоза. Количество активного фермента каспазы-2 регулируется альтернативным сплайсингом (АС) её мРНК. Целью данной работы было определение способности олигонуклеотида, комплементарного пре-мРНК Casp-2, индуцировать АС. Данный олигонуклеотид блокировал связывание регулирующих сплайсинг белков со своими сайтами на конце экзона 9 пре-мРНК Casp-2, что приводило к индукции АС мРНК Casp-2: понижению экспрессии полноразмерного активного сплайс-варианта Casp-2L и повышению экспрессии укороченного варанта Casp-2S в клетках Т-клеточной лимфомы человека линии Jurkat. При этом уровень экспрессии общей Casp-2 не изменялся. Нарушуение пропорции сплайс-вариантов Casp-2 приводил к ингибированию ферментативной активности каспазы-2

Voronoi-Delaunay analysis of normal modes in a simple model glass

We combine a conventional harmonic analysis of vibrations in a one-atomic model glass of soft spheres with a Voronoi-Delaunay geometrical analysis of the structure. ``Structure potentials'' (tetragonality, sphericity or perfectness) are introduced to describe the shape of the local atomic configurations (Delaunay simplices) as function of the atomic coordinates. Apart from the highest and lowest frequencies the amplitude weighted ``structure potential'' varies only little with frequency. The movement of atoms in soft modes causes transitions between different ``perfect'' realizations of local structure. As for the potential energy a dynamic matrix can be defined for the ``structure potential''. Its expectation value with respect to the vibrational modes increases nearly linearly with frequency and shows a clear indication of the boson peak. The structure eigenvectors of this dynamical matrix are strongly correlated to the vibrational ones. Four subgroups of modes can be distinguished

Физико-химические свойства мутантных форм L-аспарагиназы из Rhodospirillum rubrum, обладающих антителомеразной активностью

Rru_A3730 protein is a bacterial Rhodospirillum rubrum L-asparaginase (RrA), which is known by its anticancer activity. RrA variants with point amino acid substitutions in the region of 150 amino acids residues: RrA17N, K149E, RrAE149R, V150P, F151T, RrА17N, E149R, V150P, RrAE149R, V150P, showed antiproliferative properties, and also by their ability to suppress telomerase activity. This work is devoted to comparison of physical-chemical and catalytic properties of these mutant forms of RrA. It is shown that pH optimum is in the alkaline zone (8.5 – 9.3); L-glutaminase and D-asparaginase activity is respectively not more than 0.1% and 1.6% of L-asparaginase for all studied variants of RrA. The presence of the N17-terminal amino acid sequence MASMTGGQMGRGSSRQ of the capsid protein of bacteriophage T7 in the RrA structure leads to an increase in the thermal stability of mutant RrA analogues (from 50°C to 56°C) and their resistance to denaturation in the presence of 3 – 4 M urea. It is of Metal ions exhibit multidirectional effects on L-asparaginase activity of RrA. K+, Ca2+, Zn2+, Cs+, Co2+ in significantly affect the activity of L-asparaginase, while Mn2+, Cu2+, Fe3+ ions inhibit it. There was no correlation between antitelomerase (antiproliferative) activity and kinetic properties of mutant forms of L-asparaginase RrA.Белок Rru_A3730, известный как бактериальная L-аспарагиназа Rhodospirillum rubrum, представляет интерес в качестве потенциального противоопухолевого средства, особенно её варианты с точечными аминокислотными заменами в районе 150 аминокислотного остатка (а.к.о.): RrA17N, K149E, RrAE149R, V150P, F151T, RrА17N, E149R, V150P, RrAE149R, V150P, обладающие не только антипролиферативными свойствами, но и способностью подавлять активность теломеразы. Данная работа посвящена сравнению физико-химических и каталитических свойств этих мутантных форм RrA. Показано, что для всех изученных вариантов RrA рН оптимум находится в щелочной зоне (8.5 – 9.3); L-глутаминазная и D-аспарагиназная активность составляют, соответственно, не более 0.1% и 1.6% от L-аспарагиназной. Присутствие 17N-концевой аминокислотной последовательности MASMTGGQQMGRGSSRQ капсидного белка бактериофага Т7 в структуре RrA приводит к повышению термостабильности мутантных аналогов RrA (от 50°С до 56°С) и их устойчивости к денатурации в присутствии 3 – 4 М мочевины. Выявлен разнонаправленный эффект ионов металлов на L-аспарагиназную активность вариантов RrA: ионы K+, Ca2+, Zn2+, Cs+, Co2+ существенно не влияют на активность L-аспарагиназы, добавление ионов Mn2+, Cu2+, Fe3+ приводит к снижению активности. Не обнаружено корреляции между антителомеразной (антипролиферативной) активностью и кинетическими свойствами мутантных форм L-аспарагиназы RrA

Causality and dispersion relations and the role of the S-matrix in the ongoing research

The adaptation of the Kramers-Kronig dispersion relations to the causal localization structure of QFT led to an important project in particle physics, the only one with a successful closure. The same cannot be said about the subsequent attempts to formulate particle physics as a pure S-matrix project. The feasibility of a pure S-matrix approach are critically analyzed and their serious shortcomings are highlighted. Whereas the conceptual/mathematical demands of renormalized perturbation theory are modest and misunderstandings could easily be corrected, the correct understanding about the origin of the crossing property requires the use of the mathematical theory of modular localization and its relation to the thermal KMS condition. These new concepts, which combine localization, vacuum polarization and thermal properties under the roof of modular theory, will be explained and their potential use in a new constructive (nonperturbative) approach to QFT will be indicated. The S-matrix still plays a predominant role but, different from Heisenberg's and Mandelstam's proposals, the new project is not a pure S-matrix approach. The S-matrix plays a new role as a "relative modular invariant"..Comment: 47 pages expansion of arguments and addition of references, corrections of misprints and bad formulation

Search for charginos in e+e- interactions at sqrt(s) = 189 GeV

An update of the searches for charginos and gravitinos is presented, based on a data sample corresponding to the 158 pb^{-1} recorded by the DELPHI detector in 1998, at a centre-of-mass energy of 189 GeV. No evidence for a signal was found. The lower mass limits are 4-5 GeV/c^2 higher than those obtained at a centre-of-mass energy of 183 GeV. The (\mu,M_2) MSSM domain excluded by combining the chargino searches with neutralino searches at the Z resonance implies a limit on the mass of the lightest neutralino which, for a heavy sneutrino, is constrained to be above 31.0 GeV/c^2 for tan(beta) \geq 1.Comment: 22 pages, 8 figure

State of the climate in 2013

In 2013, the vast majority of the monitored climate variables reported here maintained trends established in recent decades. ENSO was in a neutral state during the entire year, remaining mostly on the cool side of neutral with modest impacts on regional weather patterns around the world. This follows several years dominated by the effects of either La Niña or El Niño events. According to several independent analyses, 2013 was again among the 10 warmest years on record at the global scale, both at the Earths surface and through the troposphere. Some regions in the Southern Hemisphere had record or near-record high temperatures for the year. Australia observed its hottest year on record, while Argentina and New Zealand reported their second and third hottest years, respectively. In Antarctica, Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station reported its highest annual temperature since records began in 1957. At the opposite pole, the Arctic observed its seventh warmest year since records began in the early 20th century. At 20-m depth, record high temperatures were measured at some permafrost stations on the North Slope of Alaska and in the Brooks Range. In the Northern Hemisphere extratropics, anomalous meridional atmospheric circulation occurred throughout much of the year, leading to marked regional extremes of both temperature and precipitation. Cold temperature anomalies during winter across Eurasia were followed by warm spring temperature anomalies, which were linked to a new record low Eurasian snow cover extent in May. Minimum sea ice extent in the Arctic was the sixth lowest since satellite observations began in 1979. Including 2013, all seven lowest extents on record have occurred in the past seven years. Antarctica, on the other hand, had above-average sea ice extent throughout 2013, with 116 days of new daily high extent records, including a new daily maximum sea ice area of 19.57 million km2 reached on 1 October. ENSO-neutral conditions in the eastern central Pacific Ocean and a negative Pacific decadal oscillation pattern in the North Pacific had the largest impacts on the global sea surface temperature in 2013. The North Pacific reached a historic high temperature in 2013 and on balance the globally-averaged sea surface temperature was among the 10 highest on record. Overall, the salt content in nearsurface ocean waters increased while in intermediate waters it decreased. Global mean sea level continued to rise during 2013, on pace with a trend of 3.2 mm yr-1 over the past two decades. A portion of this trend (0.5 mm yr-1) has been attributed to natural variability associated with the Pacific decadal oscillation as well as to ongoing contributions from the melting of glaciers and ice sheets and ocean warming. Global tropical cyclone frequency during 2013 was slightly above average with a total of 94 storms, although the North Atlantic Basin had its quietest hurricane season since 1994. In the Western North Pacific Basin, Super Typhoon Haiyan, the deadliest tropical cyclone of 2013, had 1-minute sustained winds estimated to be 170 kt (87.5 m s-1) on 7 November, the highest wind speed ever assigned to a tropical cyclone. High storm surge was also associated with Haiyan as it made landfall over the central Philippines, an area where sea level is currently at historic highs, increasing by 200 mm since 1970. In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide all continued to increase in 2013. As in previous years, each of these major greenhouse gases once again reached historic high concentrations. In the Arctic, carbon dioxide and methane increased at the same rate as the global increase. These increases are likely due to export from lower latitudes rather than a consequence of increases in Arctic sources, such as thawing permafrost. At Mauna Loa, Hawaii, for the first time since measurements began in 1958, the daily average mixing ratio of carbon dioxide exceeded 400 ppm on 9 May. The state of these variables, along with dozens of others, and the 2013 climate conditions of regions around the world are discussed in further detail in this 24th edition of the State of the Climate series. © 2014, American Meteorological Society. All rights reserved

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Bacterial L-asparaginases and glutamine(asparagine)ases: Some properties, structure and antitumour activity

Experimental material on structurally and functional organization, regulation of biosynthesis and activity, mechanism of action, genetic determinants, heterologous expression of bacterial L-asparaginases is accumulated. The modern approaches to isolation and purification of these enzymes, some questions of practical using in oncology in the schedules combined chemotherapy of leukemia the native and modified forms of L-asparaginases are discussed. The some.results before carried out in the IBMC RAMS and number institutes of the Russia on study bacterial L-asparaginases and glutamine(asparagine)ases are summarized

Bacterial L-asparaginases and glutamine(asparagine)ases: Some properties, structure and antitumour activity

Experimental material on structurally and functional organization, regulation of biosynthesis and activity, mechanism of action, genetic determinants, heterologous expression of bacterial L-asparaginases is accumulated. The modern approaches to isolation and purification of these enzymes, some questions of practical using in oncology in the schedules combined chemotherapy of leukemia the native and modified forms of L-asparaginases are discussed. The some.results before carried out in the IBMC RAMS and number institutes of the Russia on study bacterial L-asparaginases and glutamine(asparagine)ases are summarized