La experimentación como metodología para un aprendizaje más significativo

Treball Final de Grau en Mestre o Mestra d'Educació Primària. Codi: MP1040. Curs acadèmic: 2018/2019El presente Trabajo de Fin de Grado aborda el tema de la experimentación en la Educación Primaria como un posible método, más práctico, de enseñanza en las Ciencias Naturales. La intención u objetivo con este pequeño trabajo de investigación, es intentar demostrar que se pueden utilizar otras metodologías diferentes, no tan magistrales, para poder tratar los contenidos de esta asignatura con los alumnos, que tengan un aprendizaje más completo y significativo, y que despierten el interés y la motivación por las Ciencias Naturales, además de que adquieran los conocimientos y contenidos reflejados en el ​Decreto 108/2014, de 4 julio, del Consejo por el cual se establece el currículum y desarrolla la orden-nación general de la educación primaria en la Comunidad Valenciana. Aprovechando el periodo del Practicum II se ha podido poner en práctica dos formas de impartir un mismo temario en dos aulas diferentes, de sexto de Educación Primaria, utilizando un método más magistral y otro más práctico, es decir, en un primer momento impartiendo las clases desde un punto de vista más tradicional y más tarde realizando diferentes experiencias con el alumnado. Para realizar estas experiencias no ha sido necesario utilizar otro emplazamiento, como un laboratorio, sino que los alumnos han podido disfrutar realizando el trabajo en el aula ordinaria. No es necesario disponer de unas grandes instalaciones como laboratorios o talleres para poder llevar a cabo los experimentos que se muestran a continuación. Y en cuanto a los recursos materiales, la mayoría de ellos, son de carácter sencillo que cualquier docente puede encontrar con facilidad. Finalmente, se puede destacar el cambio de comportamiento en el alumnado a pesar de que algunos de resultados no son los esperados, favoreciendo así la obtención de ciertas conclusiones que hacen reflexionar si una metodología más práctica es necesaria dentro del aula para que nuestros alumnos tengan un aprendizaje más significativo y no solamente se queden con los conocimientos teóricos impartidos

Estrategias en la búsqueda de empleo. Un análisis empírico a través de los datos que proporciona la Encuesta de Población Activa (EPA)

La investigación realizada analiza el mercado laboral actual y como este ha evolucionado. El objetivo de estudiar los distintos periodos de tiempo que vienen sucediendo es para poder establecer estrategias de búsqueda de empleo más reales, eficaces y fiables, lo cual es el objetivo primordial del trabajo. Las teorías y recomendaciones se basan sobre un análisis estadístico de diferentes características, como lo son el puesto de trabajo, edad, sexo, sector, etc. En el desarrollo del trabajo me he apoyado en diferentes estudios e informes de expertos para así establecer unos consejos de mayor rigurosidad, no olvidándome de la EPA. También hay que conocer cuáles son las últimas novedades en técnicas de reclutamiento y selección, nuevas web, formación demanda por las empresas y demás detalles relevantes que el ciudadano debe conocer.Grado en Relaciones Laborales y Recursos Humano

Biomonitoring of water quality by aquatic bryophytes: optimization and methodological harmonization

Aquatic bryophytes, native or transplanted, can be used as reliable, simple and economical tools for biomonitoring the aquatic environment but one of the main impediments to the widespread use of these techniques is the lack of standardized protocols. Hence, the first task of this doctoral research was to address this problem in two critical reviews of the methodology used for passive and active biomonitoring (Chapters I and II). Because of the advantages of the use of transplanted mosses over the use of native mosses, the research efforts then focused on optimizing some of the key methodological aspects of applying the moss bag technique. In Chapter III, the optimal devitalizing treatment of moss samples was selected, while in Chapter IV the optimal number and position of moss bags for use in biomonitoring studies were determine

Teaching apologies through the use of audiovisual materials

XXIII Jornades de Foment de la Investigació de la Facultat de Ciències Humanes i Socials (Any 2018)Since Austin’s (1962) classic work How To Do Things With Words there have been numerous studies about the way in which utterances are used as a mean to perform actions. The branch of linguistics that deals with this phenomenon is pragmatics, which emerged in the 1960s as a reaction to Chomsky’s idea that the importance of language lies in the correct use of grammar (MartínezFlor and Usó-Juan 2010). After the elaboration of several models of communicative competence presented by a number of authors such as Canale and Swain (1980), Bachman (1990), and Celce-Murcia (1995, 2007), the idea that pragmatic awareness is necessary in order for speakers to be successful in communication has spread, being one of the most relevant constructs the one introduced by CelceMurcia (2007). Research has been conducted especially on speech acts, such as Leech’s (2014) book The Pragmatics of Politeness, whose taxonomy will be used in this study, and on the use of audiovisual material for teaching purposes. For that reason, we have carried out an analysis on speech acts, and in particular on apologies, in the fiction TV series The Big Bang Theory. The aim of this study is to analyse whether apologies in the nine episodes examined mirror real-life conversations, and if so, to show that this audiovisual material may be used for classroom activities as an appropriate tool to develop students’ pragmatic knowledge

Dislexia: los retos y logros en la enseñanza del inglés como lengua extranjera

Traballo Fin de Grao en Lingua e Literatura Inglesas. Curso 2022-2023In the Spanish Educational System, the study of a second language is compulsory since Pre-School. Most schools in the country have English as the second language instructed among centres. Nevertheless, given the differences with their mother tongue, such as spelling and pronunciation, English can seem complex for students. Still, nothing compared to the difficulties faced by studies with dyslexia. According to the DSM-5-TR (2022), dyslexia is a learning disability characterised “by problems with accurate or fluent word recognition, poor decoding, and poor spelling abilities”. Consequently, teaching an L2 to those with difficulties with their L1 can become difficult for educators. The characteristics of the disability will help find better methods for students with dyslexia; in other words, studying the differences between people with dyslexia in Spanish and people with dyslexia in English will give us some insight into how the difficulties reflect so that we can assess them properly. Parallel to that, by looking at Spanish and British teaching approaches for children with dyslexia, we can see the student’s needs and the significant problems they face. Understanding the above is crucial to the paper’s central theme: teaching dyslexic children a second language. By studying the current methods used in Spain to teach English as a second language to children with dyslexia, we intend to show the advantages and disadvantages of each technique used nowadays and the challenges and accomplishments the students and educators could encounter in the process. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to show how dyslexia can affect the learning process not only in their mother tongue but also in a second language. In addition, we intend to illustrate how the structure of the Spanish Educational System and the currently available methods and strategies could imply challenges for children with dyslexi

Variation in yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) catches related to El Niño-Southern Oscillation events at the entrance to the Gulf of California

Fishery catch data on yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) were examined to study the effects of El Niño events between 1990 and 1999 for an area in the northeastern tropical Pacific (18−24°N, 112−104°W). The data were extracted from a database of logbook records from the Mexican tuna purse-seine f leet. Latitudinal distribution of the catches increased from south to north for the 10-year period. Highest catches and effort were concentrated between 22°N and 23°N. This area accumulated 48% of the total catch over the 10year period. It was strongly correlated with El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. At least two periods of exceptionally high catches occurred following El Niño events in 1991 and 1997. Peaks of catches were triggered by the arrival of positive anomalies of sea surface temperature (SST) to the area. A delay of two to four months was observed between the occurrence of maximum SST anomalies at the equator and peaks of catch. Prior to these two events, negative SST anomalies were the dominant feature in the study area and catch was extremely low. This trend of negative SST anomalies with low catches followed by positive SST anomalies and high catches may be attributed to northward yellowfin tuna migration patterns driven by El Niño forcing, a result that contrasts with the known behavior of decreasing relative abundance of these tuna after El Niño events in the eastern Pacific. However, this decrease in relative abundance may be the result of a local or subregional effect

Effectiveness of structural-strategic family therapy in the treatment of adolescents with mental health problems and their families

Mental health problems during adolescence constitute a major public health concern today for both families and stakeholders. Accordingly, different family-based interventions have emerged as an effective treatment for adolescents with certain disorders. Specifically, there is evidence of the effectiveness of concrete approaches of systemic family therapy on the symptoms of adolescents and family functioning in general. However, few studies have examined the effectiveness of other relevant approaches, such as structural and strategic family therapy, incorporating parent–child or parental dyadic measurement. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of a structural–strategic family therapy with adolescents involved in mental health services and their families. For this purpose, 41 parents and adolescents who participated in this treatment were interviewed at pre-test and post-test, providing information on adolescent behavior problems, parental sense of competence, parental practices, parenting alliance, and family functioning. Regardless of participants’ gender, adolescents exhibited fewer internalizing and externalizing problems after the treatment. Parents reported higher family cohesion, higher satisfaction and perceived efficacy as a parent, and healthier parental practices (less authoritarian and permissive practices, as well as more authoritative ones). An interaction effect between parenting alliance and gender was found, with more favorable results for the mothers. In conclusion, this paper provides evidence of the usefulness of structural–strategic family therapy for improving family, dyadic, and individual facets in families with adolescents exhibiting mental health problems

HuR biological function involves RRM3-mediated dimerization and RNA binding by all three RRMs

HuR/ELAVL1 is an RNA-binding protein involved in differentiation and stress response that acts primarily by stabilizing messenger RNA (mRNA) targets. HuR comprises three RNA recognition motifs (RRMs) where the structure and RNA binding of RRM3 and of full-length HuR remain poorly understood. Here, we report crystal structures of RRM3 free and bound to cognate RNAs. Our structural, NMR and biochemical data show that RRM3 mediates canonical RNA interactions and reveal molecular details of a dimerization interface localized on the α-helical face of RRM3. NMR and SAXS analyses indicate that the three RRMs in full-length HuR are flexibly connected in the absence of RNA, while they adopt a more compact arrangement when bound to RNA. Based on these data and crystal structures of tandem RRM1,2-RNA and our RRM3-RNA complexes, we present a structural model of RNA recognition involving all three RRM domains of full-length HuR. Mutational analysis demonstrates that RRM3 dimerization and RNA binding is required for functional activity of full-length HuR in vitro and to regulate target mRNAs levels in human cells, thus providing a fine-tuning for HuR activity in vivo.España, MINECO BFU2015-71017España, Junta de Andalucía CVI-BIO198; P11-CVI7216 to I.D.M

Transexualidad, adolescencias y educación: miradas multidisciplinares

En las últimas dos décadas, la temática trans (transexual/transgénero) ha emergido como un asunto de interés creciente a nivel social y cultural. Esto se ha debido, entre otros motivos, al trabajo de colectivos y asociaciones trans que han conseguido que las administraciones competentes legislaran a favor de sus necesidades y demandas en materia de educación, sanidad y ocupación. En la actualidad, una consecuencia de estos avances es la mayor visibilidad de las personas trans en los medios de comunicación y las redes sociales. Por ejemplo, una búsqueda reciente del término Transgender en Google (noticias) nos ha proporcionado un resultado de 3.160.000 artículos. En Norteamérica, gracias al impulso de editoriales independientes y la autoedición, la literatura trans, que explora la amplia diversidad de identidades de género, se está expandiendo a un ritmo sin precedentes (Kelleway, 2014)

Situación actual y perspectivas del mercado de deuda de las economías emergentes

En la actualidad los mercados de deuda de las economías en vías de desarrollo muestran una coyuntura favorable para la atracción de capitales. Sin embargo, dicha transferencia de capital debe realizarse con cautela ante el riesgo de un posible recrudecimiento de las condiciones crediticias de las que dependen. En el presente documento se analizan y contrastan la coyuntura económica y financiera actual de los países emergentes con los factores que desde el marco teórico y la literatura empírica condicionan los colapsos simultáneos en los mercados cambiario y de deuda