Densidade de semeadura e nitrogênio no trigo BRS 404 em sistema sequeiro em Planaltina - DF / Seeding density and nitrogen in wheat BRS 404 in a rainfed system in Planaltina – DF

O cultivo do trigo sequeiro na região do Cerrado do Brasil Central tem crescido nos últimos anos e vem contribuindo para diversificar os sistemas produtivos na região. Objetivou-se avaliar diferentes densidades de semeadura e a aplicação em cobertura de diferentes doses de nitrogênio na cultivar de trigo BRS 404 cultivada no sistema de sequeiro, sem irrigação, no período da safrinha. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, com parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições. A parcela foi constituída por quatro densidades de semeadura (150, 250, 350 e 450 sementes m-2) e na subparcela cinco doses de nitrogênio (0, 30, 60, 90 e 120 kg ha-1) aplicadas em cobertura durante a fase do perfilhamento. Após a emergência foi realizada a contagem de plantas e determinando o estande inicial. Antes da colheita foi realizada a contagem de espigas e após a colheita também foram determinados o rendimento de grãos, o peso hectolítrico e o peso de mil grãos. O rendimento de grãos máximo da BRS 404 foi obtido com 196 sementes m-2 e 37 kg de N ha-1. O peso hectolítrico e o peso de mil grãos diminuíram com o aumento da densidade e do nitrogênio em cobertura

Therapeutic targeting of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade by novel small-molecule inhibitors recruits cytotoxic T cells into solid tumor microenvironment

© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022.This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.Background: Inhibiting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) or PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) has shown exciting clinical outcomes in diverse human cancers. So far, only monoclonal antibodies are approved as PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. While significant clinical outcomes are observed on patients who respond to these therapeutics, a large proportion of the patients do not benefit from the currently available immune checkpoint inhibitors, which strongly emphasize the importance of developing new immunotherapeutic agents. Methods: In this study, we followed a transdisciplinary approach to discover novel small molecules that can modulate PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. To that end, we employed in silico analyses combined with in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo experimental studies to assess the ability of novel compounds to modulate PD-1/PD-L1 interaction and enhance T-cell function. Results: Accordingly, in this study we report the identification of novel small molecules, which like anti-PD-L1/PD-1 antibodies, can stimulate human adaptive immune responses. Unlike these biological compounds, our newly-identified small molecules enabled an extensive infiltration of T lymphocytes into three-dimensional solid tumor models, and the recruitment of cytotoxic T lymphocytes to the tumor microenvironment in vivo, unveiling a unique potential to transform cancer immunotherapy. Conclusions: We identified a new promising family of small-molecule candidates that regulate the PD-L1/PD-1 signaling pathway, promoting an extensive infiltration of effector CD8 T cells to the tumor microenvironment.C and RCA are supported by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior (FCT-MCTES) (PhD grants PD/BD/128238/2016 (RCA) and SFRH/BD/131969/2017 (BC)). The authors thank the funding received from the European Structural & Investment Funds through the COMPETE Programme and from National Funds through FCT under the Programme grant LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER016405 - SAICTPAC/0019/2015 (HF and RCG). HFF and RCA received additional support from FCT-MCTES (UIDB/04138/2020, PTDC/BTM-SAL/4350/2021 and UTAPEXPL/NPN/0041/2021; EXPL/MED-QUI/1316/2021, respectively). The MultiNano@MBM project was supported by The Israeli Ministry of Health, and FCTMCTES, under the frame of EuroNanoMed-II (ENMed/0051/2016; HF and RS-F). HF and RS-F thank the generous financial support from ‘La Caixa’ Foundation under the framework of the Healthcare Research call 2019 (NanoPanther; LCF/PR/HR19/52160021), as well as CaixaImpulse (Co-Vax; LCF/TR/CD20/52700005). MP thanks the financial support from Liga Portuguesa Contra o Cancro – Nucleo Regional do Sul and ‘iNOVA4Health – UIDB/04462/2020’, a program financially supported by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia/Ministério da Educação e Ciência. RS-F thanks the following funding agencies for their generous support: the European Research Council (ERC) Advanced Grant Agreement No. (835227)–3DBrainStrom, ERC PoC Grant Agreement no. 862580 – 3DCanPredict, The Israel Science Foundation (Grant No. 1969/18), The Melanoma Research Alliance (MRA Established Investigator Award n°615808), the Israel Cancer Research Fund (ICRF) Professorship award (n° PROF-18-682), and the Morris Kahn Foundation.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The genomic history of the Iberian Peninsula over the past 8000 years

We assembled genome-wide data from 271 ancient Iberians, of whom 176 are from the largely unsampled period after 2000 BCE, thereby providing a high-resolution time transect of the Iberian Peninsula.We document high genetic substructure between northwestern and southeastern hunter-gatherers before the spread of farming.We reveal sporadic contacts between Iberia and North Africa by ~2500 BCE and, by ~2000 BCE, the replacement of 40% of Iberia's ancestry and nearly 100% of its Y-chromosomes by people with Steppe ancestry.We show that, in the Iron Age, Steppe ancestry had spread not only into Indo-European-speaking regions but also into non-Indo-European-speaking ones, and we reveal that present-day Basques are best described as a typical Iron Age population without the admixture events that later affected the rest of Iberia. Additionally, we document how, beginning at least in the Roman period, the ancestry of the peninsula was transformed by gene flow from North Africa and the eastern Mediterranean

Uma capitania dos novos tempos: economia, sociedade e política na São Paulo restaurada (1765-1822)

O artigo reflete sobre a trajetória da Capitania de São Paulo, a partir de 1750, apontando sua transformação, de fronteira e "boca do sertão", para território estratégico da conquista e defesa das partes meridionais e área economicamente integrada aos circuitos mercantis atlânticos.In this article, we reflect upon the history of the Captaincy of São Paulo as from 1750, drawing attention to its transformation from frontier land and "door to the backcountry" into a territory of strategic value for the purposes of conquest and defense of the southern regions, and economically integrated into the Atlantic trade routes

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Functionalization of a non-newtonian fluid composed of silica nanoparticules into cotton substratres for anti-stab protection

This research work studied the incorporation of a non-Newtonian fluid composed of silica nanoparticles in a cotton substrate material. The modified cotton substrate was subjected to anti-stabbing tests, which revealed that the use of only nine layers of silica-functionalized cotton was sufficient to hold the stab action since only the first layer was perforated.PolyAnswer, Ldinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The impact of psychological abuse on somatic symptoms : A study of older persons aged 60-84 years

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine differences in the experience of somatic symptoms by domain (exhaustion, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, heart distress) between psychologically abused and non-abused older persons, and to scrutinize associations between abuse and somatic symptoms while considering other factors (e.g. social support).Design/methodology/approach– The design was cross-sectional. The participants were 4,467 women/men aged 60-84 years living in seven European cities. The data were analysed using bivariate/multivariate methods.Findings– Psychologically abused participants scored higher on all somatic symptom domains than non-abused, and thus were more affected by the symptoms. The regressions confirmed a positive association between psychological abuse and most somatic symptom domains, but other factors (e.g. depression, anxiety) were more salient. Demographics/socio-economics were positively (e.g. marriage/cohabitation) or negatively (e.g. education) associated with somatic symptoms depending on the domain. Social support and family structure "protected" the experience of somatic symptoms.Research limitations/implications– The research focused on psychological abuse. It did not incorporate other abuse types calling for further research on the effects of other abuse types on somatic symptoms. Nevertheless, the findings indicate that psychological abuse is linked to somatic symptoms, but the role of other factors (e.g. depression, anxiety, social support) is also important.Practical implications– Improvements in the older person's situation regarding somatic symptoms need to consider psychological abuse, co-morbidities, social support and living conditions.Originality/value– The paper reports data from the ABUEL Survey, which collected population-based data on elder abuse

Boas práticas ao Serviço do Utente - Centro Hospitalar do Tâmega e Sousa, EPE

O CHTS pretende e ambiciona na literacia em saúde, na vertente do cidadão, que haja mais igualdades em saúde e que, este cidadão perante a necessidade de tomar decisões de forma autónoma (muitas vezes de elevada complexidade), sobre a promoção de saúde, prevenção das doenças ou seu tratamento, esteja informado e com conhecimentos para o fazer. Pretende que o cidadão seja capaz de obter melhor acesso aos cuidados de saúde, usar e usufruir da forma mais adequada e, de forma intencional e consciente, possa obter os maiores benefíciospara a manutenção do seu estado de saúde. A OMS, define Literacia em Saúde como “o grau em que os indivíduos têm a capacidade de obter, processar e entender as informações básicas de saúde para utilizarem os serviços e tomarem decisões adequadas de saúde”, ou seja, a literacia em saúde contempla um conjunto de conhecimentos, atitudes, habilidades e até competências que capacitam a pessoa no acesso, compreensão das informações para que possa avaliar de forma critica a sua relevância no uso responsável desse conhecimento. Foi, neste contexto, que surgiu no CHTS uma nova ótica de leitura e de intervenção das suas equipas multidisciplinares, na consecução de projetos e ações que visam reforçar os níveis de literacia, de forma multidimensional e colaborativa, aproximando-se cada vez mais da centralidade no cidadão, bem como de uma maior eficiência e eficácia dos serviços, qualidade assistencial e satisfação do cidadão e profissional. Deve-se muito à capacidade dos profissionais de saúde, mesmo com diferenças de uns para outros, em identificar as necessidades das pessoas, em estarem disponíveis para promover mudança, a avaliar diariamente o nível de compreensão, capacidades para realizar tarefas prescritas, motivação e nível de mudança comportamental do cidadão, tendo em conta a sua idade e o seu estado de saúde. José Ribeiro Nunes, Enf. Diretor, Prefácioinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio