Emergency workers' experiences of the use of section 136 of the Mental Health Act 1983: interpretative phenomenological investigation.

AIMS AND METHOD: To explore the experiences of emergency workers dealing with incidents in which section 136 of the Mental Health Act 1983 is invoked by the police. Data from interviews with police officers and ambulance workers in a London locality were subject to interpretative phenomenological analysis. RESULTS: Participants felt they were the first port of call and that training should be improved to help them deal with those experiencing mental health crises in the community. Police participants noted time pressures trying to gain individuals' trust and described section 136 detention as sometimes feeling like a betrayal of the individual. Most participants had negative experiences of admissions to the 136 suite; several suggested ways of improving the admissions system. Several went beyond their expected duties to ensure that distressed individuals were supported before accessing mental healthcare services. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Improving training of emergency workers in dealing with mental health crises would also help with aftercare decision-making. Learning identified from the participants' experiences lends support to collaboration between emergency and mental health services, an important step towards improving the section 136 process so that detainees can access help without unnecessary delay

Working parents and workplace flexibility in New Hampshire

This report, a joint effort between the Carsey Institute, UNH Cooperative Extension, and New Hampshire Employment Security, looks at working parents and their job flexibility and the importance it has for families trying to achieve a work-life balance

Design Matters : CBNRM and Democratic Innovation

Community-based natural resource management (CBRNM) aims to realize sustainable management of resources and improvements in livelihood. A central focus is the empowerment of indigenous and local communities through customary or devolved rights to common pool resources. Less attention is given to the extent to which inclusive forms of governance are realized in CBNRM. Democratic innovations are institutions designed explicitly to increase and deepen citizen participation in political decision-making. A number of exemplary cases around the world provide evidence that it is possible to empower citizens in ways that are inclusive and achieve desirable outcomes such as redistribution, recognition of marginalized groups, and improved livelihoods. By clarifying elements of the design of democratic innovations - in particular goods, tasks, mechanisms, and co-design - it is possible to understand how effective forms of participatory governance can be crafted. With careful attention to the endogenous practices of indigenous and local communities and the governance structures imposed by public authorities, CBNRM practitioners can draw on these elements of democratic design to craft forms of inclusive participatory governance that promote sustainable management of resources and improve livelihoods. A program of collaboration between CBNRM and democratic innovations practitioners will contribute to improvements amongst both communities of practice and the communities they serve

Introduction

Husserl’s philosophy, by the usual account, evolved through three stages: 1. development of an anti-psychologistic, objective foundation of logic and mathematics, rooted in Brentanian descriptive psychology; 2. development of a new discipline of "phenomenology" founded on a metaphysical position dubbed "transcendental idealism"; transformation of phenomenology from a form of methodological solipsism into a phenomenology of intersubjectivity and ultimately (in his Crisis of 1936) into an ontology of the life-world, embracing the social worlds of culture and history. We show that this story of three revolutions can provide at best a preliminary orientation, and that Husserl was constantly expanding and revising his philosophical system, integrating views in phenomenology, ontology, epistemology and logic with views on the nature and tasks of philosophy and science as well as on the nature of culture and the world in ways that reveal more common elements than violent shifts of direction. We argue further that Husserl is a seminal figure in the evolution from traditional philosophy to the characteristic philosophical concerns of the late twentieth century: concerns with representation and intentionality and with problems at the borderlines of the philosophy of mind, ontology, and cognitive science

2,3-Dimethoxy-10-oxostrychnidinium 2-(2,4,6-trinitroanilino)benzoate monohydrate: a 1:1 proton-transfer salt of brucine with o-picraminobenzoic acid

In the structure of the 1:1 proton-transfer compound of brucine with 2-(2,4,6-trinitroanilino)benzoic acid C23H27N2O4+ . C13H7N4O8- . H~2~O, the brucinium cations form the classic undulating ribbon substructures through overlapping head-to-tail interactions while the anions and the three related partial water molecules of solvation (having occupancies of 0.73, 0.17 and 0.10) occupy the interstitial regions of the structure. The cations are linked to the anions directly through N-H...O(carboxyl) hydrogen bonds and indirectly by the three water molecules which form similar conjoint cyclic bridging units [graph set R2/4(8)] through O-H...O(carbonyl) and O(carboxyl) hydrogen bonds, giving a two-dimensional layered structure. Within the anion, intramolecular N-H...O(carboxyl) and N H...O(nitro) hydrogen bonds result in the benzoate and picrate rings being rotated slightly out of coplanarity inter-ring dihedral angle 32.50(14)\%]. This work provides another example of the molecular selectivity of brucine in forming stable crystal structures and also represents the first reported structure of any form of the guest compound 2-(2,4,6-trinitroanilino)benzoic acid

Episodic Post-Shock Dust Formation in the Colliding Winds of Eta Carinae

Eta Carinae shows broad peaks in near-infrared (IR) JHKL photometry, roughly correlated with times of periastron passage in the eccentric binary system. After correcting for secular changes attributed to reduced extinction from the thinning Homunculus Nebula, these peaks have IR spectral energy distributions (SEDs) consistent with emission from hot dust at 1400-1700 K. The excess SEDs are clearly inconsistent, however, with the excess being entirely due to free-free wind or photospheric emission. One must conclude, therefore, that the broad near-IR peaks associated with Eta Carinae's 5.5 yr variability are due to thermal emission from hot dust. I propose that this transient hot dust results from episodic formation of grains within compressed post-shock zones of the colliding winds, analogous to the episodic dust formation in Wolf-Rayet binary systems like WR140 or the post-shock dust formation seen in some supernovae like SN2006jc. This dust formation in Eta Carinae seems to occur preferentially near and after periastron passage; near-IR excess emission then fades as the new dust disperses and cools. With the high grain temperatures and Eta Car's C-poor abundances, the grains are probably composed of corundum or similar species that condense at high temperatures, rather than silicates or graphite. Episodic dust formation in Eta Car's colliding winds significantly impacts our understanding of the system, and several observable consequences are discussed.Comment: MNRAS accepted; 8 pages, 5 figs, 2 color fig

Penetrating the Homunculus -- Near-Infrared Adaptive Optics Images of Eta Carinae

Near-infrared adaptive optics imaging with NICI and NaCO reveal what appears to be a three-winged or lobed pattern, the "butterfly nebula", outlined by bright Br$\gamma$ and H$_{2}$ emission and light scattered by dust. In contrast, the [Fe II] emission does not follow the outline of the wings, but shows an extended bipolar distribution which is tracing the Little Homunculus ejected in $\eta$ Car's second or lesser eruption in the 1890's. Proper motions measured from the combined NICI and NaCO images together with radial velocities show that the knots and filaments that define the bright rims of the butterfly were ejected at two different epochs corresponding approximately to the great eruption and the second eruption. Most of the material is spatially distributed 10\arcdeg to 20\arcdeg above and below the equatorial plane apparently behind the Little Homunculus and the larger SE lobe. The equatorial debris either has a wide opening angle or the clumps were ejected at different latitudes relative to the plane. The butterfly is not a coherent physical structure or equatorial torus but spatially separate clumps and filaments ejected at different times, and now 2000 to 4000 AU from the star.Comment: 42 pages, 12 figures, To appear in the Astronomical Journa

Controlled vocabularies in bioinformatics: A case study in the Gene Ontology

The automatic integration of information resources in the life sciences is one of the most challenging goals facing biomedical informatics today. Controlled vocabularies have played an important role in realizing this goal, by making it possible to draw together information from heterogeneous sources secure in the knowledge that the same terms will also represent the same entities on all occasions of use. One of the most impressive achievements in this regard is the Gene Ontology (GO), which is rapidly acquiring the status of a de facto standard in the field of gene and gene product annotations, and whose methodology has been much intimated in attempts to develop controlled vocabularies for shared use in different domains of biology. The GO Consortium has recognized, however, that its controlled vocabulary as currently constituted is marked by several problematic features - features which are characteristic of much recent work in bioinformatics and which are destined to raise increasingly serious obstacles to the automatic integration of biomedical information in the future. Here, we survey some of these problematic features, focusing especially on issues of compositionality and syntactic regimentation