A systematic analysis of mixed perspectives in empathic design: not one perspective encompasses all

Although it is common for designers to base design decisions on own experiences, the specific utility, and legitimacy, validity of thisfirst-person perspective in design is currently not sufficiently understood and recognized. In particular, wisely applying the first-personperspective in projects that require great sensitivity can be a major contributor to design outcomes. As such, a better understandingof the relative value of the first-person perspective compared to—and combined with—other fundamental perspectives (introduced asperspective transitions and clusters) can contribute to enrich and develop design methodologies.In this paper we report on a case study targeting mourning. We describe when and how junior designers employed the first-, second-,and third-person perspectives and how they were combined. This leads to new insights. First, we improve the current understanding ofperspectives. Second, we identify the specific value of transitions between perspectives. Third, we introduce perspective clusters andhighlight how these—as building blocks—can give flexible guidance to design. These insights, in turn, support a mixed-perspectivesapproach. This approach supports empathic design by enabling designers to be receptive, inclusive, and committed toward users. Moreover,it supports designers in employing (relevant) personal experiences and intuition in a more credible and intentional way.Although it is common for designers to base design decisions on own experiences, the specific utility, and legitimacy, validity of this first-person perspective in design is currently not sufficiently understood and recognized. In particular, wisely applying the first-person perspective in projects that require great sensitivity can be a major contributor to design outcomes. As such, a better understanding of the relative value of the first-person perspective compared to—and combined with—other fundamental perspectives (introduced as perspective transitions and clusters) can contribute to enrich and develop design methodologies. In this paper we report on a case study targeting mourning. We describe when and how junior designers employed the first-, second-, and third-person perspectives and how they were combined. This leads to new insights. First, we improve the current understanding of perspectives. Second, we identify the specific value of transitions between perspectives. Third, we introduce perspective clusters and highlight how these—as building blocks—can give flexible guidance to design. These insights, in turn, support a mixed-perspectives approach. This approach supports empathic design by enabling designers to be receptive, inclusive, and committed toward users. Moreover, it supports designers in employing (relevant) personal experiences and intuition in a more credible and intentional way. <br/

Whole-Body versus Local DXA-Scan for the Diagnosis of Osteoporosis in COPD Patients

Background. Osteoporosis is an extrapulmonary effect of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Diagnosis of osteoporosis is based on BMD measured by DXA-scan. The best location for BMD measurement in COPD has not been determined. Aim of this study was to assess whole-body BMD and BMD of the hip and lumbar spine (local DXA) in COPD patients and compare the prevalence of osteoporosis at these locations. Methods. Whole body as well as local DXA-scan were made in 168 COPD patients entering pulmonary rehabilitation. Patient-relevant characteristics were assessed. Prevalence of osteoporosis was determined. Characteristics of patients without osteoporosis were compared to patients with osteoporosis on local DXA. Results. A higher prevalence of osteoporosis was found using local DXA compared to whole-body DXA (39% versus 21%). One quarter of patients without osteoporosis on whole body-DXA did have osteoporosis on local DXA. Significant differences in patient characteristics between patients without osteoporosis based on both DXA measurements and patients with osteoporosis based on local DXA only were found. Conclusions. DXA of the hip and lumbar spine should be made to assess bone mineral density in COPD patients. The lowest T-score of these locations should be used to diagnose osteoporosis

Women's adjustment trajectories during IVF and impact on mental health 11–17 years later

STUDY QUESTION Do patients present different adjustment trajectories during and after IVF treatment? SUMMARY ANSWER Most women show resilient trajectories during and after IVF treatment but 37% show temporary or chronic maladjustment during IVF and 10% are maladjusted 11–17 years after treatment. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Research on patient psychosocial adjustment during treatment has contributed to identifying the most distressful stages of IVF treatment and profiling patients at risk for emotional maladjustment at these specific stages. This knowledge is currently driving the deliverance of psychosocial care at fertility clinics by tailoring it to patients' risk profiles and specific treatment stages. However, current care does not take into consideration how individuals adjust across the entire treatment pathway. This can be assessed by profiling individual adjustment trajectories. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A longitudinal cohort study with five assessment moments that combines data from two different studies, the STRESSIVF and OMEGA projects. Participants enrolled in the STRESSIVF study (started IVF in 1998–2000) were assessed before and after the first IVF treatment cycle and 6 months and 2.5 years after the last IVF cycle. A subset participated in the OMEGA project (started IVF in 1995–2000) and reported on their mental health 11–17 years after treatment. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Three hundred and forty-eight women participated in the STRESSIVF project and 108 of these in the OMEGA. Anxiety was measured with the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory, depression with the Beck Depression Inventory and mental health with the Mental Health Inventory. Latent class growth mixed modelling was carried out to identify distinct anxiety and depression trajectories over the four STRESSIVF study assessment moments. Multinominal logistic regressions were conducted to investigate predictors of trajectory membership, and stepwise linear regressions were performed to investigate if adjustment trajectories predicted mental health 11–17 years after IVF treatment. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE A total of 67 and 86% of women showed normal levels of anxiety and depression, respectively, throughout treatment (resilient trajectories), 24 and 33% experienced anxiety and depression only during treatment (recovery trajectories), 4.6 and 4.9% experienced anxiety and depression only after treatment (delayed trajectories), and 4.3% showed chronic anxiety (chronic trajectory, not identified for depression). Non-resilient trajectories were associated with unsuccessful treatment, marital dissatisfaction, lack of social support and negative infertility cognitions. One in 10 women had a delayed or chronic trajectory and these trajectories predicted serious mental health impairment 11–17 years after treatment. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The study only focuses on women. In the OMEGA project adjustment was assessed using a mental health measure. Although we could investigate how trajectories predicted mental health, it would have been preferable to map anxiety and depression trajectories up to 11–17 years after treatment. Missing analysis showed selective dropout from the study but this was accounted for by using mixed models and imputation procedures. Finally, data on other life stressors were not collected; therefore any contribution from these events cannot be assessed. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Fertility health-care providers have been called upon considering their responsibility in supporting patients in the aftermath of treatment. Results show it is possible to profile different groups of at-risk women at the start of the treatment and tailor psychosocial support to risk profile to promote health adjustment during treatment and thereafter

The structure of causal sets

More often than not, recently popular structuralist interpretations of physical theories leave the central concept of a structure insufficiently precisified. The incipient causal sets approach to quantum gravity offers a paradigmatic case of a physical theory predestined to be interpreted in structuralist terms. It is shown how employing structuralism lends itself to a natural interpretation of the physical meaning of causal sets theory. Conversely, the conceptually exceptionally clear case of causal sets is used as a foil to illustrate how a mathematically informed rigorous conceptualization of structure serves to identify structures in physical theories. Furthermore, a number of technical issues infesting structuralist interpretations of physical theories such as difficulties with grounding the identity of the places of highly symmetrical physical structures in their relational profile and what may resolve these difficulties can be vividly illustrated with causal sets.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figure

Reconstruction and subsurface lattice distortions in the (2 × 1)O-Ni(110) structure: A LEED analysis

LEED analysis of the reconstructed (2 × 1)O-Ni(110) system clearly favors the “missing row” structure over the “saw-tooth” and “buckled row” models. By using a novel computational procedure 8 structural parameters could be refined simultaneously, leading to excellent R-factors (RZJ = 0.09, RP = 0.18). The adsorbed O atoms are located 0.2 Å above the long bridge sites in [001] direction, presumably with a slight displacement ( 0.1 Å) in [1 0] direction to an asymmetric adsorption site. The nearest-neighbor Ni---O bond lengths (1.77 Å) are rather short. The separation between the topmost two Ni layers is expanded to 1.30 Å (bulk value 1.25 Å), while that between the second and third layer is slightly contracted to 1.23 Å. The third layer is, in addition, slightly buckled (±0.05 Å). The results are discussed on the basis of our present general knowledge about the structure of adsorbate covered metallic surfaces

Human ISWI complexes are targeted by SMARCA5 ATPase and SLIDE domains to help resolve lesion-stalled transcription

Chromatin compaction of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) presents a major challenge to the detection and removal of DNA damage. Helix-distorting DNA lesions that block transcription are specifically repaired by transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair, which is initiated by binding of the CSB protein to lesion-stalled RNA polymerase II. Using live cell imaging, we identify a novel

Determination of organohalogenated contaminants in liver of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) stranded on the Belgian North Sea coast

Peer reviewe

Treatment effect of oil-based contrast is related to experienced pain at HSG : a post-hoc analysis of the randomised H2Oil study

The H2Oil study was an investigator-initiated study that was funded by our own academic institutions (AMC and VUmc) of the Amsterdam UMC. The funders had no role in study design, collection, analysis and interpretation of the data.Peer reviewedPublisher PD