Fear and Anxiety in Social Setting An Experimental Study

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of dispositional and situational factors on cognitive biases. The theoretical background was based on Kimbrel’s Mediated Model of Social Anxiety and the revised reinforcement sensitivity theory by Gray and McNaughton. Two experiments were conducted. Study 1 (78 participants [85.9% females, aged 19–21 years]) included the induction of potential social threat, while in Study 2 (121 participants [85.1% females, aged 19–23 years]) real threat was used. The Reinforcement Sensitivity Questionnaire was employed as a measure of personality traits (Behavioral Inhibition System [BIS], Behavioral Approach System [BAS], Fight, Flight, and Freeze). Cognitive biases were assessed with the Dot Probe Task (attentional bias), Incidental Free Recall Task (memory bias), and Social Probability Cost Questionnaire (judgmental bias). The probability of occurrence of negative events was higher in the experimental group. BIS contributed positively to the prediction of probability of occurrence of negative events; and Freeze was positively related to attention bias toward pleasant stimuli. The results of the second study showed that experimentally induced circumstances of social threats did not affect cognitive biases. BIS and Freeze contributed positively to prediction of probability and distress in social context, while BIS was positively related with probability of occurrence of negative social events

Fluktuacije ulova nekih pelagičnih vrsta riba u Mediteranu

U radu su analizirani 63 godine dugački podaci o ulovu tune (Thunnus thynnus) i srdele (Sardina pilchardus) u Mediteranu, metodom spektralne (Fourierove) analize i kros korelacjom. Analiza je pokazala da ulov tune sadrži ciklične komponente od 2.6, 3.65, 5.64, 7.75, 10.34 and 15.5 i verovatno 31 godinu, dok su u ulovu srdele najizraženije bile amplitude od 2.44, 3.65, 6.2, 7.75 i 10.34 godina. Prema tome, oba su vremenska niza bila koherentna u ciklusima od 3.65, 7.75 i 10.34 godina. Takođe je ustanovljeno da je ulov tune koherentan sa indeksom severoatlantske oscilacije (NAO) i to u periodima od 2, 3.35, 4.43, 6.89, 10.34 i verovtno 31 godina. Ovo ukazuje da klimatski ciklusi utiču na fluktuacije populacije ove ribe. Nadalje, upoređenje fluktuacija ulova tune u zapadnom i istočnom Mediteranu je pokazalo da su one potpuno sinhrone

Privredni ribolov na Dunavu u Srbiji

U radu se daje pregled slatkovodnog ribarstva sa aspekta upravljanja, ekspolatacije ribljih resursa, tržišta ribom, legislative koja uređuje delatnost ribarstva, kao i problemi sektora ribarstva u Srbiji. Istraživanje i analiza privrednog ribolova na Dunavu kroz Srbiju (588 km toka) sprovedeno je prikupljanjem podataka ribarske statistike za period od 1948. do 2010. godine, njihovim unošenjem u elektronsku bazu i analiziranjem uz korišćenje različitih metoda. Statistički podaci uključuju ukupan ulov, ulov rekreativnog i privrednog ribolova, ulov privredno značajnih vrsta i alohtonih vrsta. Korišćenjem anketnog upitnika za ribare dobijeni su podaci o demografskoj strukturi ribara koji se bave ribarenjem kao osnovnom delatnošću, o sastavu ulova, koliko je ribarstvo perspektivna privredna grana i koji su problemi i potencijalna rešenja. Većina ribara pripada starosnoj grupi koja je u opsegu od 45 do 50 godina. Privredni ribolov je važna ekonomska delatnost i predstavlja osnovni izvor prihoda za većinu ribara. Tržište slatkovodnom ribom je neuređena oblast koja zavisi od ličnog zalaganja i odgovornosti pojedinca koji ima interes u prodaji ribe. Ribarstvo na Dunavu u Srbiji je već dugi niz godina u procesu tranzicije ka tržišnoj ekonomiji. Dugoročne fluktuacije hidroloških podataka (vodostaj) upoređivane su sa fluktuacijama godišnjeg ulova ribe iz Dunava kako bi se uočila eventualna međusobna zavisnost i uporedili njihovi trendovi. Rezultati ovog istraživanja treba da posluže kao pregled stanja sektora sa svim postojećim nedostacima koje treba ispraviti u cilju što uspešnijeg upravljanja ribarstvom na Dunavu i ostalim rekama u Srbiji gde je zastupljen privredni ribolov

Management approaches and aquaculture of sturgeons in the Lower Danube region countries

Summary This paper presents the status and trends in management of sturgeon species and the development of sturgeon aquaculture in the Lower Danube countries: Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia, Ukraine and Moldova. Sturgeon fishery moratoria and aquaculture development represent first steps in the Lower Danube countries to combat extirpation. Supportive stocking was used as a compensation for the impact of sturgeon fishery and dam construction, but these efforts unfortunately lacked adequate cooperation and coordination between and among region countries. Unsolved problems remain, such as the presence of illegal sturgeon fishery, water pollution, habitat destruction and fragmentation. Construction of fish passes and habitat restoration project developments are two key issues that have yet to be tackled in the Lower Danube region

Happiness around the world: A combined etic-emic approach across 63 countries

What does it mean to be happy? The vast majority of cross-cultural studies on happiness have employed a Western-origin, or "WEIRD" measure of happiness that conceptualizes it as a self-centered (or "independent"), high-arousal emotion. However, research from Eastern cultures, particularly Japan, conceptualizes happiness as including an interpersonal aspect emphasizing harmony and connectedness to others. Following a combined emicetic approach (Cheung, van de Vijver & Leong, 2011), we assessed the cross-cultural applicability of a measure of independent happiness developed in the US (Subjective Happiness Scale; Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999) and a measure of interdependent happiness developed in Japan (Interdependent Happiness Scale; Hitokoto & Uchida, 2015), with data from 63 countries representing 7 sociocultural regions. Results indicate that the schema of independent happiness was more coherent in more WEIRD countries. In contrast, the coherence of interdependent happiness was unrelated to a country's "WEIRD-ness." Reliabilities of both happiness measures were lowest in African and Middle Eastern countries, suggesting these two conceptualizations of happiness may not be globally comprehensive. Overall, while the two measures had many similar correlates and properties, the self-focused concept of independent happiness is "WEIRD-er" than interdependent happiness, suggesting cross-cultural researchers should attend to both conceptualizations

Happiness around the world: A combined etic-emic approach across 63 countries.

What does it mean to be happy? The vast majority of cross-cultural studies on happiness have employed a Western-origin, or "WEIRD" measure of happiness that conceptualizes it as a self-centered (or "independent"), high-arousal emotion. However, research from Eastern cultures, particularly Japan, conceptualizes happiness as including an interpersonal aspect emphasizing harmony and connectedness to others. Following a combined emic-etic approach (Cheung, van de Vijver & Leong, 2011), we assessed the cross-cultural applicability of a measure of independent happiness developed in the US (Subjective Happiness Scale; Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999) and a measure of interdependent happiness developed in Japan (Interdependent Happiness Scale; Hitokoto & Uchida, 2015), with data from 63 countries representing 7 sociocultural regions. Results indicate that the schema of independent happiness was more coherent in more WEIRD countries. In contrast, the coherence of interdependent happiness was unrelated to a country's "WEIRD-ness." Reliabilities of both happiness measures were lowest in African and Middle Eastern countries, suggesting these two conceptualizations of happiness may not be globally comprehensive. Overall, while the two measures had many similar correlates and properties, the self-focused concept of independent happiness is "WEIRD-er" than interdependent happiness, suggesting cross-cultural researchers should attend to both conceptualizations

The economic well-being of nations is associated with positive daily situational experiences

People in economically advantaged nations tend to evaluate their life as more positive overall and report greater well-being than people in less advantaged nations. But how does positivity manifest in the daily life experiences of individuals around the world? The present study asked 15,244 college students from 62 nations, in 42 languages, to describe a situation they experienced the previous day using the Riverside Situational Q-sort (RSQ). Using expert ratings, the overall positivity of each situation was calculated for both nations and individuals. The positivity of the average situation in each nation was strongly related to the economic development of the nation as measured by the Human Development Index (HDI). For individuals’ daily experiences, the economic status of their nation also predicted the positivity of their experience, even more than their family socioeconomic status. Further analyses revealed the specific characteristics of the average situations for higher HDI nations that make their experiences more positive. Higher HDI was associated with situational experiences involving humor, socializing with others, and the potential to express emotions and fantasies. Lower HDI was associated with an increase in the presence of threats, blame, and hostility, as well as situational experiences consisting of family, religion, and money. Despite the increase in a few negative situational characteristics in lower HDI countries, the overall average experience still ranged from neutral to slightly positive, rather than negative, suggesting that greater HDI may not necessarily increase positive experiences but rather decrease negative experiences. The results illustrate how national economic status influences the lives of individuals even within a single instance of daily life, with large and powerful consequences when accumulated across individuals within each nation

QUANTITATIVE BEHAVIORAL GENETIC AND MOLECULAR GENETIC FOUNDATIONS OF THE REINFORCEMENT SENSITIVITY THEORY DIMENSIONS

The dataset „rsqDataBGEng.csv“ contains a total of 223 cases, each case representing a twin pair. The dataset contains the following variables: DNA_zygosity: 1 – monozygotic, 2 - dizygotic gender: gender – twin1 age: age – twin1 gender_b2: gender – twin2 age_b2: age – twin2 (for control purposes) age.cent: age - centered age.squared: age - squared bispar: BIS - twin 1 – gender and age effects controlled baspar: BAS - twin 1 – gender and age effects controlled fightpar: Fight - twin 1 – gender and age effects controlled flightpar: Flight - twin 1 – gender and age effects controlled freezepar: Freeze - twin 1 – gender and age effects controlled bisparb2: BIS - twin 2 – gender and age effects controlled basparb2: BAS - twin 2 – gender and age effects controlled fightparb2: Fight - twin 2 – gender and age effects controlled flightparb2: Flight - twin 2 – gender and age effects controlled freezeparb2: Freeze - twin 2 – gender and age effects controlled BIS: BIS - twin 1 – raw data BAS: BAS - twin 1 – raw data FIGHT: Fight - twin 1 – raw data FLIGHT: Flight - twin 1 – raw data FREEZE: Freeze - twin 1 – raw data BIS_b2: BIS - twin 2 – raw data BAS_b2: BAS - twin 2 – raw data FIGHT_b2: Fight - twin 2 – raw data FLIGHT_b2: Flight - twin 2 – raw data Freeze_b2: Freeze - twin 2 – raw data The dataset „rsqDataMGEng.csv“ contains a total of 430 cases, comprising the values on COMT, DRD2, BDNF, TPH2 and HTR1A gene polymorfisms, zygosity variable, scores on RSQ scales in three modalities, and general data (gender and age). The participant sample contained in the file „rsqDataMGEng.csv“ comprises the data from twins included in the study and the information about gene polymorfisms. The dataset contains the following variables: DNA_zygosity: 1 – monozygotic, 2 - dizygotic gender: gender, 1- male, 2-female age: age of each participant Molecular genetic data: COMT – wiith three categories (genotypes) described in the text 1 – AA (Met/Met) 2 – AG (Val/Met) 3 – GG (Val/Val) ; DRD2 – wiith three categories (genotypes) described in the text 1 – AA (A1) 2 – AG (A1/A2) 3 – GG (A2); BDNF – wiith three categories (genotypes) described in the text 1 – CC (Val66Val) 2 – CT (Val66Met) 3 – TT (Met66Met); TPH2 - wiith three categories (genotypes) described in the text 1 – GG 2 – GT 3 – TT; HTR1A - wiith three categories (genotypes) described in the text 1 – CC 2 – CG 3 – GG. RSQ scores: BIS: RSQ BIS – raw data BAS: RSQ BAS – raw data FIGHT: RSQ Fight – raw data FLIGHT: RSQ Flight – raw data FREEZE: RSQ Freeze – raw dat

Les Italiens et l’ornementation à Lyon au XIXe siècle The Italians and ornamentation in Lyon in the 19th century

Le développement des métiers de l’ornementation à Lyon au XIXe siècle a été rendu possible par l’arrivée de professionnels venus de l’extérieur, en particulier d’Italie : plâtriers, peintres ou sculpteurs sur bois piémontais, mouleurs en plâtre de la province de Lucques, mosaïstes frioulans... La journée d'étude, qui mêle histoire sociale, histoire des techniques et histoire de l’art, vise à mieux connaître l’évolution des métiers de l’ornementation à Lyon, à les replacer dans des transformations plus larges qui touchent la construction au XIXe siècle, et à analyser le rôle qu'ont joué les Italiens dans ces dynamiques. Elle permettra aussi de mettre en lumière un patrimoine culturel qui témoigne de l'évolution des modèles esthétiques au XIXe siècle et de l’importance de l’immigration dans l’agglomération lyonnaise

The typological approach to the risky behavior of adolescents

The main research problem is focused on the following question: Is it possible to identify specific patterns of interaction between precipitating and protective factors for the risky behavior among adolescents. The research was conducted on the sample of 204 adolescents of both genders (18 to 20 years old). Specific personality traits and socio-demographic characteristics are manifested as the most important precipitating and/or protective factors for the risky behavior. The frame of reference for personality assessment was the alternative five-factor model (Zuckerman, 2002), specified in the ZKPQ-50-CC questionnaire, and consisted of the five biologically determined personality traits: activity, aggressiveness/hostility, impulsive sensation seeking, neuroticism/anxiety and sociability. Latent dimensions of the risky behavior: risky activities and life - conditions, were extracted by applying the homogeneity analyses (HOMALS). The matrix of squared Euclidean distances (in the common space of factor scores on the principal components of ZKPQ questionnaire, scores on HOMALS dimensions and school grades) was a subject of the Ward hierarchical cluster analysis method, extracting three clusters. According to the discriminant functions: risk proneness and pro-social activity, the clusters were identified: the group of pro-social oriented adolescents, the aloof group and the group of adolescents prone to risky behavior. The results have considerable implications for the prevention programs’ development and implementation