8 research outputs found
Biocatalysis of Rutin Hexadecanedioate Derivatives: Effect of Operating Conditions on Acylation Performance and Selectivity
Rutin was enzymatically acylated with hexadecanedioic acid, in tertâamyl alcohol, by an immobilized lipase from Candida antartica âNovozym 435â. The effect of different techniques of water removal, temperature, concentration of rutin and diacid/rutin molar ratio was investigated. The obtained results indicated that drying the media by adding the molecular sieves in the outer loop of the reactor was the most efficient method leading to water content lower than 200 ppm. The highest performances (conversion yield and initial rate) were reached at 90°C, 131 mM of rutin, and 118 mM of acid. Depending on the water content and the diacid/rutin molar ratio, only rutin 4âŽâhexadecanedioate or both rutin 4âŽâhexadecanedioate and dirutin 4âŽ, 4âŽâhexadecanedioate were synthesized
Effect of geographic origin in mineral composition of zeen oak acorns (Quercus canariensis Willd)
The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of geographic origin in mineral compositions on the Q. canariensis acorns. The results showed that there were significant (p < 0.5) differences between populations for macronutrients Sodium (Na), Calcium (Ca), Potassium (K)) except for Phosphorus (P) and for all studied micronutrients: Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn). Potassuim contents of acorn ranged from 5,638 to 7,667 mg/g MS with highest being for Nefza acorn and lowest for Bni Mtir ones. It is the highest macronutrients for all population. However Iron was the most abandon micronutrient, varied widely from 0,491 mg/g MS (Bni Mtir) to 1,230 mg/g MS (Nefza). No significant differences were recorded for Heavy metal. The concentrations of Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni) and Cobalt (Co) in acorns flour are null. On the other hand Cadmium (Cd) and Copper (Cu) were found but with concentrations which were much lower than that the acceptable limits for herbs and spices by WHO
Development of a multi-scale approach to study flavonoids solubility and their assembly with polymers
Depuis quelques dĂ©cennies, les flavonoĂŻdes sont de plus en plus utilisĂ©s dans diffĂ©rents domaines dâapplications alimentaires et non alimentaires. Cet engouement est dĂ» principalement Ă leurs activitĂ©s antioxydantes. Cependant, la solubilisation, la dispersion et la stabilisation de ces molĂ©cules sont variables et constituent un frein Ă leur utilisation. Lâobjectif de ce travail est de pallier cet inconvĂ©nient en visant Ă comprendre les interactions entre ces composĂ©s et leur milieu en absence et en prĂ©sence de polymĂšres, par une double approche expĂ©rimentale et par modĂ©lisation et mĂ©somodĂ©lisation molĂ©culaire. Dans un premier temps les interactions entre 3 flavonoĂŻdes la quercĂ©tine et ses deux formes glycosilĂ©es la rutine et lâisoquercĂ©tine dans diffĂ©rents solvants organiques ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©es. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus (paramĂštre de Flory Huggins et fonction de la distribution radiale) ont montrĂ© que la partie B2 commune aux trois flavonoĂŻdes avec des valeurs de paramĂštres de Flory Huggins proche de 0.5 dans le M2B2 et plus importantes dans lâacĂ©tonitrile est la responsable du comportement des flavonoĂŻdes dans le solvant. Les simulations par DDFT ont montrĂ© une agrĂ©gation de la quercĂ©tine dans le M2B2 contre une dispersion dans lâacĂ©tonitrile. Toutes ces observations ont Ă©tĂ© validĂ©es expĂ©rimentalement (Ă©tude de la solubilitĂ© et observations microscopiques). Dans un deuxiĂšme temps on a Ă©tudiĂ© la quercĂ©tine en prĂ©sence dâun bioploymĂšre le PLGA dans lâeau. Des nanoparticules ont Ă©tĂ© formĂ©es en variant la concentration des diffĂ©rents composĂ©s et le ratio acide lactique / acide glycolique du PLGA. Les mĂ©thodes de la modĂ©lisation molĂ©culaire et de la mĂ©somodĂ©lisation (calcul du paramĂštre de solubilitĂ© par dynamique molĂ©culaire et observation de la dispersion ou de la sĂ©paration de phase par DDFT) ainsi que lâapproche expĂ©rimentale (DSC, MET âŠ) nous ont menĂ©es Ă la mĂȘme constatation. En effet la taille des particules augmente avec la concentration du PLGA et le taux dâacide lactique dans le polymĂšre. Aussi la concentration de lâĂ©mulsifiant dans le milieu joue un rĂŽle important dans la formation dâagrĂ©gats PLGA-Q. Plus sa concentration est importante, plus la formation des particules est difficile comme il joue un rĂŽle sur la viscositĂ© du milieu et par consĂ©quence la diffusivitĂ© des molĂ©cules dans lâeau. Tous les rĂ©sultats obtenus par modĂ©lisation molĂ©culaire et par mĂ©somodĂ©lisation ont Ă©tĂ© validĂ©s expĂ©rimentalement. On peut donc conclure que la mĂ©thodologie adoptĂ©e en simulation peut constituer un outil dâaide Ă la prĂ©diction du comportement des flavonoĂŻdesOver the past few decades, flavonoids have become increasingly used in different food and non-food applications due to their important antioxidant activities. However, the solubilization, dispersion and stabilization of these molecules are variable and constitute a brake on their use in different formulations. The objective of this work is to overcome those limitations by understanding the interactions between these compounds and their environment without and with the add of polymers, by a multi-scale approach approach (molecular modeling and mesoscale modeling and experimental study). Initially, interactions between 3 flavonoids (quercetin, rutin and isoquercetin) in various organic solvents, were studied. The obtained results (mainly Flory Huggins parameter and radial distribution function RDF) showed that the B2 part common to the three flavonoids (For example Flory Huggins parameter values were close to 0.5 in the M2B2 and much more important in acetonitrile) is responsible for the miscibility behavior of the flavonoids in the solvent. DDFT simulations showed aggregation of quercetin in M2B2 against dispersion in acetonitrile. All these observations were confirmed experimentally (study of solubility and microscopic observations). Then, quercetin was studied in the presence of a biopolymer, PLGA in water. Nanoparticles were formed by varying the concentration of the various compounds and the lactic acid / glycolic acid ratio in the PLGA. The tools of molecular modeling and mesoscale modeling (calculation of the solubility parameter by molecular dynamics and observation of the dispersion or the phase separation by DDFT) as well as the experimental approach (DSC, MET ...) led us to the same conclusions. Indeed, the particle size increases with the concentration of PLGA and the rate of lactic acid in the polymer. Also the concentration of the emulsifier in the medium has an important role in the formation of PLGA-Q aggregates. The higher its concentration, the more difficult the formation of the particles as it affects the viscosity of the medium and consequently the diffusivity of the molecules in the water. All the results obtained by molecular modeling and by mesoscale modeling have been confirmed experimentally. We can therefore conclude that the methodology adopted in the simulations can be considered as a tool to help on predicting the behavior of flavonoids in different mediu
DĂ©veloppement dâune approche multi-Ă©chelle pour l'Ă©tude de la solubilitĂ© des flavonoĂŻdes et leur assemblage avec les polymĂšres
Over the past few decades, flavonoids have become increasingly used in different food and non-food applications due to their important antioxidant activities. However, the solubilization, dispersion and stabilization of these molecules are variable and constitute a brake on their use in different formulations. The objective of this work is to overcome those limitations by understanding the interactions between these compounds and their environment without and with the add of polymers, by a multi-scale approach approach (molecular modeling and mesoscale modeling and experimental study). Initially, interactions between 3 flavonoids (quercetin, rutin and isoquercetin) in various organic solvents, were studied. The obtained results (mainly Flory Huggins parameter and radial distribution function RDF) showed that the B2 part common to the three flavonoids (For example Flory Huggins parameter values were close to 0.5 in the M2B2 and much more important in acetonitrile) is responsible for the miscibility behavior of the flavonoids in the solvent. DDFT simulations showed aggregation of quercetin in M2B2 against dispersion in acetonitrile. All these observations were confirmed experimentally (study of solubility and microscopic observations). Then, quercetin was studied in the presence of a biopolymer, PLGA in water. Nanoparticles were formed by varying the concentration of the various compounds and the lactic acid / glycolic acid ratio in the PLGA. The tools of molecular modeling and mesoscale modeling (calculation of the solubility parameter by molecular dynamics and observation of the dispersion or the phase separation by DDFT) as well as the experimental approach (DSC, MET ...) led us to the same conclusions. Indeed, the particle size increases with the concentration of PLGA and the rate of lactic acid in the polymer. Also the concentration of the emulsifier in the medium has an important role in the formation of PLGA-Q aggregates. The higher its concentration, the more difficult the formation of the particles as it affects the viscosity of the medium and consequently the diffusivity of the molecules in the water. All the results obtained by molecular modeling and by mesoscale modeling have been confirmed experimentally. We can therefore conclude that the methodology adopted in the simulations can be considered as a tool to help on predicting the behavior of flavonoids in different mediumDepuis quelques dĂ©cennies, les flavonoĂŻdes sont de plus en plus utilisĂ©s dans diffĂ©rents domaines dâapplications alimentaires et non alimentaires. Cet engouement est dĂ» principalement Ă leurs activitĂ©s antioxydantes. Cependant, la solubilisation, la dispersion et la stabilisation de ces molĂ©cules sont variables et constituent un frein Ă leur utilisation. Lâobjectif de ce travail est de pallier cet inconvĂ©nient en visant Ă comprendre les interactions entre ces composĂ©s et leur milieu en absence et en prĂ©sence de polymĂšres, par une double approche expĂ©rimentale et par modĂ©lisation et mĂ©somodĂ©lisation molĂ©culaire. Dans un premier temps les interactions entre 3 flavonoĂŻdes la quercĂ©tine et ses deux formes glycosilĂ©es la rutine et lâisoquercĂ©tine dans diffĂ©rents solvants organiques ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©es. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus (paramĂštre de Flory Huggins et fonction de la distribution radiale) ont montrĂ© que la partie B2 commune aux trois flavonoĂŻdes avec des valeurs de paramĂštres de Flory Huggins proche de 0.5 dans le M2B2 et plus importantes dans lâacĂ©tonitrile est la responsable du comportement des flavonoĂŻdes dans le solvant. Les simulations par DDFT ont montrĂ© une agrĂ©gation de la quercĂ©tine dans le M2B2 contre une dispersion dans lâacĂ©tonitrile. Toutes ces observations ont Ă©tĂ© validĂ©es expĂ©rimentalement (Ă©tude de la solubilitĂ© et observations microscopiques). Dans un deuxiĂšme temps on a Ă©tudiĂ© la quercĂ©tine en prĂ©sence dâun biopolymĂšre le PLGA dans lâeau. Des nanoparticules ont Ă©tĂ© formĂ©es en variant la concentration des diffĂ©rents composĂ©s et le ratio acide lactique / acide glycolique du PLGA. Les mĂ©thodes de la modĂ©lisation molĂ©culaire et de la mĂ©somodĂ©lisation (calcul du paramĂštre de solubilitĂ© par dynamique molĂ©culaire et observation de la dispersion ou de la sĂ©paration de phase par DDFT) ainsi que lâapproche expĂ©rimentale (DSC, MET âŠ) nous ont menĂ©es Ă la mĂȘme constatation. En effet la taille des particules augmente avec la concentration du PLGA et le taux dâacide lactique dans le polymĂšre. Aussi la concentration de lâĂ©mulsifiant dans le milieu joue un rĂŽle important dans la formation dâagrĂ©gats PLGA-Q. Plus sa concentration est importante, plus la formation des particules est difficile comme il joue un rĂŽle sur la viscositĂ© du milieu et par consĂ©quence la diffusivitĂ© des molĂ©cules dans lâeau. Tous les rĂ©sultats obtenus par modĂ©lisation molĂ©culaire et par mĂ©somodĂ©lisation ont Ă©tĂ© validĂ©s expĂ©rimentalement. On peut donc conclure que la mĂ©thodologie adoptĂ©e en simulation peut constituer un outil dâaide Ă la prĂ©diction du comportement des flavonoĂŻde
Prevalence of Viruses Infecting Autochthonous Grapevines in Tunisia
The incidence of virus infections was conducted in the grapevine germplasm collection at the Institut
National de la Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie. In this grapevine collection, 162 different
autochthonous cultivars were maintained, including numerous spontaneous ecotypes coming from
different Tunisian grapevine growing regions. All accessions were sampled and analyzed by DASELISA
for the presence of Grapevine leafroll associated viruses 1, 2, 3 (GLRaV-1, -2, -3), Grapevine
fanleaf virus (GFLV), Grapevine fleck virus (GFkV) and Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), using
commercial polyclonal antisera. Almost all the major grapevine-infecting viruses assayed, except for
ArMV, were detected in the tested cultivars. Conversely, all the wild grapevine accessions were found
to be free from the same viruses. Out of 141 cultivars submitted to DAS-ELISA, 40.4% were infected
with at least one virus. GLRaV-3 was the prevailing virus (23.4%), followed by GLRaV-1 (19.6%),
GFkV (9.2%), GLRaV-2 (4.2%), and GFLV (1.4%). Cultivars collected from northern regions (61.4%)
were more infected than their homologues from southern regions (19.7%)
Carcinome épidermoïde du bassinet découvert par un envahissement pariétal et cutané: une présentation inhabituelle
A travers cette étude clinique nous présentons un cas rare de carcinome épidermoïde du bassinet avec envahissement cutané de la paroi abdominale chez une patiente aux antécédents d'infections urinaires hautes à répétition sur des calculs rénaux. Le motif de consultation était la découverte d'une lésion cutanée lombaire droite. L'uro-scanner montrait une masse rénale droite étendue aux parties molles adjacentes dont la biopsie a révélé un carcinome épidermoïde du bassinet. AprÚs une revue de la littérature, c'est le premier cas d'un carcinome épidermoïde du bassinet découvert par un envahissement cutané